Aviation, Tourism and Poverty Relief in Kenya: A Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Model Analysis

Using a dynamic micro-simulation Computable General Equilibrium model, this research shows that further liberalisation of air services in Kenya is likely to lead to substantial growth in tourist arrivals. Results indicate that tourism growth principally trickles down to the poor through increases in labour demand and in income. Tourism expansion also leads to a slight redistribution of income between rural and urban regions

An analysis of the potential impacts of further liberalisation of the EU-African aviation market

Intercontinental air services between Europe and Africa are mainly governed by bilateral agreements negotiated between the individual countries of the European Union (EU) and the various African governments. This paper provides an overview of the regulatory trends and development of air transport between the EU and Africa, focussing on passenger traffic developments over the past five years and discusses the impact of liberalisation between Africa and the EU on the degree of concentration in airport traffic shares. The results indicate a growing role of Dubai and Istanbul and a decreasing role of European hubs as gateways to Africa. While Johannesburg, Cairo, Nairobi and Lagos remain the main international hubs in Africa, regional airport hubs have emerged in Algiers, Dar es Salaam and Casablanca. It is argued that liberalisation of the EU-Africa aviation markets is likely to result in the emergence of further African regional hubs

Air Transport and Destination Performance – A case study of three African countries (Ethiopia, Kenya and South Africa)

Tourism is increasingly being promoted as an important source of economic growth especially in developing countries. While there are many elements that contribute to tourism growth, without an efficient air transport system, it is almost impossible for a number of landlocked and geographically isolated developing nations to expand and sustain domestic and international tourism. From the perspective of an African nation the most important question is whether the benefit of aviation expansion would have any superiority in poverty reduction. This paper seeks to (1) investigate the relationship between air transport and tourism growth especially in selected African countries and (2) highlight ways and means of capturing and strengthening air transport and tourism industry’s contribution. To achieve these objectives the research uses a combination of literature review and case study analyses. It concludes that efficient air transport can act as a facilitator in the development of more diversified export-based industries, away from over-reliance on natural resources, which in the presence of linkages with other domestic economic sectors can act as a stimulus for broadly based growth

Potential impacts of liberalisation of the EU-Africa aviation market

Intercontinental air services between Europe and Africa are mainly governed by bilateral agreements negotiated between the individual countries of the EU and the various African governments. This paper provides an overview of the regulatory trends and development of air transport between EU and Africa, focussing on passenger traffic developments over the past five years and discusses the impact of liberalisation between Africa and the EU on the degree of concentration in airport traffic shares. Results indicate a growing role of Dubai and Istanbul and a decreasing role of Europeans hubs as gateways to Africa. While Johannesburg, Cairo, Nairobi and Lagos remain the main international hubs in Africa, regional airport hubs have emerged in Algiers, Dar es Salaam and Casablanca. Liberalisation of EU-African aviation markets is likely to result in the emergence of further African regional hubs.JRC.C.6-Economics of Climate Change, Energy and Transpor

Fußball in Afrika: mehr als ein Spiel

"Afrika ist auf der Fußballweltmeisterschaft in Deutschland zum zweiten Mal mit fünf Mannschaften vertreten: Angola, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Togo, Tunesien. Hier gelten die Teilnehmer vom Nachbarkontinent als Außenseiter - daheim sind sie zumeist Hoffnungsträger. Die WM-Teilnahme ist für die vier Mannschaften aus Afrika südlich der Sahara nicht nur von sportlicher Bedeutung. Die politischen Dimensionen von Qualifikation und sportlichem Erfolg sind nicht zu übersehen: gewinnt die Nationalmannschaft, so gewinnt auch das Regime. Gerade autokratische Regime ohne Entwicklungserfolge setzen auf diesen Faktor. Die Fußballnationalmannschaften halten gern als Symbol für eine nationale Einheit her, die ansonsten brüchig erscheint. Gleichzeitig bleibt die ethnische oder regionale Zusammensetzung der Mannschaften ein Politikum. Vom Fußball erhofft sich Afrika die Anerkennung, die dem Kontinent ansonsten versagt bleibt. Fußball gilt als eine afrikanische Erfolgsgeschichte, die vermarktet werden kann - politisch und kommerziell. Im Kontext der Armut bietet Fußball überdies eine der wenigen Chancen für individuellen Aufstieg. Allein das Vorhandensein solcher Hoffnungen in einem Umfeld begrenzter Perspektiven wirkt systemstabilisierend." (Autorenreferat

The multi-airline p-hub median problem applied to the African aviation market

Despite growth in research on air transport in Africa in recent years, little is known about the adequacy of the infrastructure to sustain potential future air traffic expansion. The continent has experienced growth in domestic, intra- and inter-continental air traffic services over the past two decades that we project will continue over the medium term. Applying a gravity model in which corruption, conflict, common language and land-locked indices contribute to the demand estimation, we forecast annual intra-African growth of 8.1% up to 2030. As witnessed in established markets, deregulation will likely result in hub-spoke network designs in order to accommodate demand efficiently if mobility and access is to be encouraged. In this research, we modify the p-hub median problem in order to identify multiple, economically viable, hub-spoke networks that would adequately serve the intra- and inter-continental demand for air transport. Aside from current hubs, namely Cairo (Egypt), Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) and Johannesburg (South Africa), future hubs could include airports in the North that serve European-African flows, such as Algiers, and Nigeria in the West due to its relatively large population and wealth. By 2030, we also find that demand is sufficient to justify an additional hub in central Sub-Saharan Africa, such as Lusaka (Zambia). However, this would be dependent on the implementation of liberalisation policies as set out in the Yamoussoukro Decision

Female Board Representation as Determinant of Coupled Open Innovation: Evidence from Emerging Market Multinational Enterprises

Little research has been done on female board representation in emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs). Our paper considers the role of female board representation and its impact on open innovation (OI) in the unique context of emerging markets. We draw on upper echelons and institutional theories to understand how female board representation and crosscountry institutional contexts influence coupled OI. Combining a 10-year (2009-2019) dataset with a rich in-depth content analysis of 183 (EMNEs) engaged in OI, our results reveal a significant positive association between female board representation (i.e., promoting women on boards) and a firm's commitment to coupled OI practices. We also find that country-level institutional factors affect and positively moderate the relationship between female board representation and coupled OI. In emerging market environments where managerial perception and culture sometimes hinder the promotion of females into top positions, our work has implications for EMNEs regarding how they harness diversity. We contribute to the OI literature by showing that female board representation enhances corporate OI investment within EMNEs

Africa’s single aviation market: The progress so far

To promote the development of air transport at the continental level, several policies were introduced, leading to the Yamoussoukro Decision (YD) in late 1999, which had the liberalisation of the intra-African aviation spaces as its main objective. Even though notable progress has been achieved towards more market-oriented aviation policies, at the pan-African level some markets are still restrictive and inconsistent with the YD, particularly with respect to the granting of 5th freedom rights. This paper aims to examine recent developments in the aviation sector in Africa, with a focus on the implementation of the YD. The obstacles to liberalisation are discussed and several measures for facilitating Africa’s move towards multilateral open skies are investigated. These include, among others, a greater collaboration and co-operation among African airlines, as well as between African airlines and foreign ones; redefinition of the role and responsibilities of different institutions which are instrumental in implementing the YD and some further issues such as ownership guidelines