Turismo e Desenvolvimento Sustentável na Rússia: Desafios e Constrangimentos Atuais

The sustainable tourism development has become a prerequisite for the industry functioning. Sustainable tourism is now seen as a logical response to a growing tourist flow, and as a result, to an excessive burden on the natural and historical and cultural environment of destinations. In Russia, sustainable development is a complex and painful issue. Ambiguity of responsibility areas and the lack of thoughtful and well-established regulatory mechanisms make the interaction between business and government in sustainable territory development a particularly difficult issue in Russia. That is why the purpose of this study is to reveal how the representatives of the tourism business understand the need for sustainable tourism development in Russia. The survey of business representatives conducted in the article made it possible to identify problems in understanding the essence of sustainable tourism development, and to identify the sustainable tourism trends, which in many ways demonstrate the growing need for the transition of the tourism industry in Russia to the principles of sustainable development. One of the important problems of sustainable tourism development in Russia is the professional personnel training. For this purpose, the authors have developed a combined model of educational activities in the "challenges-needs" system for the sustainable development of hospitality industry. It is intended for stakeholders of the tourism market and is aimed at raising awareness and building sustainable interaction.El desarrollo del turismo sostenible se ha convertido en un requisito previo para el funcionamiento de la industria. El turismo sostenible se ve ahora como una respuesta lógica a un flujo turístico creciente y, en consecuencia, a una carga excesiva sobre el entorno natural e histórico y cultural de los destinos. En Rusia, el desarrollo sostenible es una cuestión compleja y dolorosa. La ambigüedad de las áreas de responsabilidad y la falta de mecanismos reguladores bien establecidos hacen que la interacción entre las empresas y el gobierno en el desarrollo sostenible del territorio sea una cuestión especialmente difícil en Rusia. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio es revelar cómo entienden los representantes del negocio turístico la necesidad de un desarrollo turístico sostenible en Rusia. La encuesta realizada a los representantes de las empresas en el artículo permitió identificar los problemas de comprensión de la esencia del desarrollo del turismo sostenible, e identificar las tendencias del turismo sostenible, que en muchos aspectos demuestran la creciente necesidad de la transición de la industria del turismo en Rusia a los principios del desarrollo sostenible. Uno de los problemas importantes del desarrollo del turismo sostenible en Rusia es la formación del personal profesional. Para ello, el autor ha desarrollado un modelo combinado de actividades educativas en el sistema "retos-necesidades" para el desarrollo sostenible de la industria de la hostelería. Está destinado a las partes interesadas del mercado turístico y tiene como objetivo la sensibilización y la creación de una interacción sostenible.O desenvolvimento do turismo sustentável tornou-se um pré-requisito para o funcionamento da indústria. O turismo sustentável é agora visto como uma resposta lógica a um fluxo turístico crescente e, como resultado, a uma carga excessiva sobre o ambiente natural, histórico e cultural dos destinos. Na Rússia, o desenvolvimento sustentável é uma questão complexa e dolorosa. A ambigüidade das áreas de responsabilidade e a falta de mecanismos reguladores ponderados e bem estabelecidos tornam a interação entre empresas e governo no desenvolvimento sustentável do território uma questão particularmente difícil na Rússia. É por isso que o objetivo deste estudo é revelar como os representantes das empresas de turismo entendem a necessidade de desenvolvimento turístico sustentável na Rússia. O inquérito aos representantes das empresas realizado no artigo permitiu identificar problemas na compreensão da essência do desenvolvimento do turismo sustentável, e identificar as tendências do turismo sustentável, o que demonstra de muitas formas a necessidade crescente da transição da indústria do turismo na Rússia para os princípios do desenvolvimento sustentável. Um dos problemas importantes do desenvolvimento do turismo sustentável na Rússia é a formação de pessoal profissional. Para este fim, o autor desenvolveu um modelo combinado de atividades educacionais no sistema "desafios- necessidades" para o desenvolvimento sustentável da indústria hoteleira. Destina-se aos intervenientes do mercado do turismo e tem como objetivo sensibilizar e construir uma interação sustentável

Composite inorganic matrix modified with ion-exchanger nanoparticles

The aim of the work was to elucidate a nature of charge-selective properties of macroporous composite inorganic membranes modified with nanoparticles of the ionexchanger, namely hydrated zirconium dioxide. The membrane was found to be selective towards anions in acidic media: membrane potential was registered in the solutions containing 10-100 mol m-3 HCl. Overlapping of intraporous diffusion constituents of electric double layer cannot be provided under these conditions. The membranes have been investigated using methods of standard contact porometry, potentiometry, scanning electron microscopy. The method of transmission electron microscopy was used to research individual ion-exchanger as well as ceramic powder, which had been obtained by crumbling up of the non-modified ceramic matrix. Differential curves of volume and surface distribution have been factorized using Lorentz functions, each maximum has been related to either structure element both of the matrix and the ion-exchanger. Calculations according to homogeneous and heterogeneous geometrical models were carried out to make this relation. Structure of the ceramic matrix has been shown to be formed with particles of micron size. Particles of the ion-exchanger (6 nm) form aggregates. It was found that the empties between the aggregates of ion-exchanger nanoparticles are responsible for charge selectivity because the aggregates cork pores of the matrix. Maximal radius of pores caused by the aggregates has been estimated as 25 nm. This is in agreement with porometric data. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2058

Selection Model for Optimization of the Gene Bank of Cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) and plum (Prunus domestica L.) in the Low Volga Region

The researchers of the Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture of the Low Volga region – the branch of FSC of agroecology of RAS – have developed the regulations for the selection model of optimization of genetic pool and created a number of varieties of cherry and plum by hybridization of local and southern varieties and by use of hybrids of free pollination. The optimization of gene bank of cherry and plum on the basis of the study of genetic biodiversity and regulations for the selection model and programs provides the adaptation of the newly developed varieties for the creation of industrial crops in agrosystems of the Low Volga and other regions of Russia. The catalog of assortment has been developed and the six varieties of garden plum (Prunus domestica L.) regionalized, including Volgogradskaya, Bogatyrskaya, and Vengerka korneyevskaya varieties, as well as a number of other ones that have been created during hybridization of the local varieties of the Volga region, such as, Volzhskaya sinyaya, Ternosliv letniy, Ternosliv osenniy with the most adaptive introduced varieties. The new varieties and elites (best specimens) of sour cherry (Prunu scerasus L.): Loznovskaya, Dubovskaya krupnoplodnaya, Melodiya, Lyubimitsa, Peskovatskaya, Dubovochka, Temnookrashennaya, Sharada, Pamyat‘ Zhukovoy – have been selected by intervarietal hybridization and by sowing of seeds collected during free pollination of the following varieties: Zhukovskaya, Lyubskaya, Krasa Severa, Shirpotreb chernaya, Ujfeherto furtos. The above-mentioned forms contributed to a richer assortment of garden plum and sour cherry in the Low Volga region, meaning adaptive, high-yielding, high-quality varieties of universal use. There is a good reason to use the above-mentioned assortment as the integrated donors during the development of selection programs aimed at continued improvement of varieties of stone fruit crops

Comparison of the effects of co-transplantation of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and thymic multipotent stromal cells on the immune system of mice depending on methods

Physical interaction of multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is a modern approach to effective and focused changes in the properties of HSCs. Resulting of those contact interaction is significant activation of cells with following immune system restoration. The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of co-transplantation of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and thymic multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) separately and as a union of cells on regeneration of the murine immune system, damaged by cyclophosphamide. MSCs were obtained from thymuses of C57BL mice using explant technique. Bone marrow cells (BMCs) were obtained by flushing out the femur with a nutrient medium. BMCs were cocultivated for 2 hours on the monolayer of thymus-derived MSCs. The immune deficiency of mice was modelled by the treatment with cyclophosphamide (CP). After that, the cells were co-transplanted in two methods (separately into different the retroorbital sinus and as a union after co-cultivation) and the parameters of the immune system were evaluated. It was shown, that separate co-transplantation of BMCs and thymus-derived MSCs is associated with the restoration of the number of bone marrow cells, thymus, spleen and lymph nodes with an increase in the proliferation index of lymph node cells by 1.4 times compared to control. It normalized the previous reduced concentration of hemoglobin and hematocrit in the blood. Co-transplantation had a suppressive effect on the blast transformation reaction, induced by phytohemagglutinin, by 4.3 times, but showed a stimulating effect on DTHR response by 1.6 times compared to control. Co-transplantation of the union of BMCs and MSCs is associated with the restoration of the number of bone marrow cells, spleen and lymph nodes. The level of spontaneous apoptosis of lymph node cells significantly increased by 3.3 times compared to control. It had not effect on hematological parameters, but is activated to impact the immune system. Thus, as a result of cells union administration showed normalization of the bactericidal activity of peritoneal macrophages, unlike the separate co-transplantation. This cells graft had a suppressive effect on the number of antibody-producing cells in the spleen by 4.2 times compared to control. Previous co-cultivation and contact interaction of cells change the properties of cell graft. The effect of co-transplantation of BMCs and thymic MSCs is not a simple additive effect of cells. It is acquiring the features typical to certain cell types, and the expression of new characteristics. We assume this phenomenon as a result development of complex cells cooperative processes in vivo and in vitr

ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL STATE OF THE VELIKAYA RIVER DELTA BASED ON HYDROCHEMICAL INDICATORS AND STRUCTURE OF PHYTOPLANKTON

The basis of the existence of freshwater ecosystems is phytoplankton, which produces most of the primary biological production, participates in repair processes and provides a wide range of ecosystem services. The short life cycle and high speed metabolism of microalgae make them ideal objects for ecological monitoring. The aim of the present study is to research the ecological state of the Velikaya river delta based on the species composition of phytoplankton community and some hydrochemical parameters. The sample collection for phytoplankton study and physicochemical measurements was carried out in summer 2016 at five stations representing different ecological locations of the Velikaya river delta. One hundred sixty five species taxa of microalgae belonging to 8 phylums were identified during the research: Bacillariophyta (37%), Chlorophyta (33.9%), Cyanophyta/Cyanobacteria (9.7%), Chrysophyta (6.1%), Euglenophyta (6.1%), Cryptophyta (3%), Dinophyta (3%), Xanthophyta (1.2%). The values of Shannon index indicate the average complexity of the microalgae communities structure. Values of Margalef index characterize the Velikaya river delta as an area of high species richness. Compared to the previous studies, a significant increase in the level of information diversity is observed, indicating an increase in the number of possible flows of substance and energy in the ecosystem. Dynamics of biogen substances in the water shows a slight increase of their concentrations. Ecological and geographical analysis proves that absolute dominance of cosmopolitan freshwater forms is typical for the algoflora of the Velikaya river delta. In relation to the pH-reaction inhabitants of neutral and slightly alkaline water dominate. Pantle–Buck saprobity index is applied for water quality assessment, which shows beta-mesosaprobic water quality in the ecosystem. Thus, the water of the Velikaya river delta could be referred to the category of moderately polluted water (class II of water quality). This is confirmed by the data of hydrochemical analysis

The Warsaw Autumn International Music Festival — Overcoming the Boundaries between East and West

In the late 1940s — early 1950s, a huge gap appeared between the development of musical cultures of Western and Eastern Europe, and it was Poland that initiated bridging it. Therefore, the emergence of the Warsaw Autumn Festival of contemporary music, which has become the largest, was not coincidental. The article is devoted to studying this cultural phenomenon, which has a significant scientific novelty, because the Warsaw Autumn has not yet been subjected to a detailed scientific analysis in Russian musicology. According to the organizers of the new festival — young Polish composers Tadeusz Baird and Kazimierz Serocki, — Warsaw was to become a center of contemporary music, no less important than the avant-garde music festivals in Darmstadt, Donaueschingen, Cologne or Milan. However, the purpose of the Warsaw Autumn is more ambitious — to provide a complete aesthetic and stylistic picture of modern music, and not just avant-garde music, as was the case in Western European countries. The repertoire policy of the festival covered several areas: avantgarde music, more traditional music, the classics of the 20th century, and promotion of Polish music. The festival laid claim to being a reliable display of contemporary music in the world, reacted to the changes in global music, and soon became the largest music arena of the 20th century. It was attended by the most prominent composers of the East and West. For the socialist countries, it became a true “window on Europe” and a platform for mastering new techniques of composition. Without the Warsaw Autumn festival and its profound influence on composers of socialist countries, it would be utterly impossible to imagine the development of musical art of the entire region. This article suggests focusing on the early period of the festival, from 1956 (when it was established) to the early 1980s