Predviđanje prinosa mleka domaćih balkanskih koza u Makedoniji korišćenjem dnevne test AC metode

Accurate and precise milk recording is one of the most important moments for a successful selection of milking goats. In this context, breeders are constantly making efforts to find the most suitable and cheapest methods for conducting of tests for milk production. The goal of this research was to compare the A4 method (as referent method) with AC method (as alternative method), for determination of milk production, on the day of recording of the indigenous Balkan goat, in the period of 2014-2016 with milking of goats in the morning and evening. It was determined that the difference between the predicted daily milk yield with one milking (in the morning or evening) and the measured milk yield using the A4 method is too low and almost negligible. With the analysis of all factors (year, lactation and number of milk tests), it was determined that the prediction of total daily milk yield, based on the evening milking, provides more accurate result, in relation to the prediction during morning milking, in cases when using the AC method.Precizna i tačna kontrola mlečnosti je jedan od najvažnijih trenutaka za uspešan izbor koza za mužu. U ovom kontekstu, uzgajivači konstantno pokušavaju da pronađu najprikladnije i najjeftinije metode za sprovođenje testova za proizvodnju mlijeka. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je upoređivanje metoda A4 (kao referentnog metoda) metode i AC (kao alternativnom metodom), za određivanje proizvodnje mleka, na dan evidentiranja, kod autohtone balkanske koze, u periodu 2014-2016. godine, sa mužom koza koja se izvodila ujutru i veče. Utvrđeno je da je razlika između predviđenog dnevnog prinosa mlijeka sa jednom mužom (ujutro ili uveče) i izmerenim prinosom mlijeka metodom A4 bila mala i skoro zanemarljiva. Analizom svih faktora (godina, laktacija i broj ispitivanja testova) utvrđeno je da predviđanje ukupnog dnevnog prinosa mlijeka, zasnovano na večernjoj muži, daje tačniji rezultat, u odnosu na predviđanje tokom jutarnje muže, u slučajevima kada se koristi AC metod

Prediction of test day milk yield by AC method in indigenous Balkan goats in Macedonia

Accurate and precise milk recording is one of the most important moments for a successful selection of milking goats. In this context, breeders are constantly making efforts to find the most suitable and cheapest methods for conducting of tests for milk production. The goal of this research was to compare the A4 method (as referent method) with AC method (as alternative method), for determination of milk production, on the day of recording of the indigenous Balkan goat, in the period of 2014-2016 with milking of goats in the morning and evening. It was determined that the difference between the predicted daily milk yield with one milking (in the morning or evening) and the measured milk yield using the A4 method is too low and almost negligible. With the analysis of all factors (year, lactation and number of milk tests), it was determined that the prediction of total daily milk yield, based on the evening milking, provides more accurate result, in relation to the prediction during morning milking, in cases when using the AC method

Subspecialty training in Europe:a report by the European Network of Young Gynaecological Oncologists

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Content of TDF, SDF and IDF in Cereals Grown by Organic and Conventional Farming – a Short Report

The objectives of this article were to determine the content of total dietary fibre (TDF) as well as of its fractions – soluble dietary fibre (SDF) and insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) of different cereals grown by conventional and organic farming in Macedonia, as well as to find out the influence of the cereal type and farming method on their values. Standardized enzymatic-gravimetric method (Megazyme Total Dietary Fiber Kit) was used for determination of soluble, insoluble, and total dietary fiber in 27 different cereal samples of wheat, rye, barley, oat, and millet, which were grown at three locations. The content of TDF, IDF and SDF was influenced by both cereal type and farming type. The organically grown cereals, primarily oat and barley, have shown higher values of TDF and of its fractions than the conventionally grown cereals. Their values (% db) for oat and barley for TDF were 42.00±1.39 and 21.91±2.01, for IDF 39.22±0.58 and 15.06±1.84 and for SDF 2.78±1.25 and 6.85±3.85, respectively. Barley grown by either organic or in conversion farming method proved to have the highest value of SDF content among the other cereals investigated, whereas oat produced by organic farming method exhibited the highest values of TDF and ISF content. The organic farming method proved to have a good perspective in cereal processing and technology, food market and nutrition

Gender-related differences in career development among gynecologic oncology surgeons in Europe. European Network of Young Gynecologic Oncologists' Survey based data

Gender-related differences in career development are well known issues in various professions. An international survey on gender-related differences was performed among young gynecologic oncology surgeons in Europe to identify potential gender inequalities in career development. A survey on demographics, clinical and academic working environment, family/parenting, career development, salary and leadership was sent to all members of the European Network of Young Gynecologic Oncologists (ENYGO), which is a network within the European Society of Gynecologic Oncology (ESGO). Gynecologic oncology surgeons and obstetricians/gynecologists who actively work in this field in Europe were included in the study. Responses were analyzed from 192 gynecologic oncology surgeons of whom 65.1% (125/192) were female (median age 37, IQR: 34 - 42) and 34.9% (67/192) were male (median age 38, IQR: 36 - 41). Male reported to perform a median of 15 and female a median of 10 operations per month (p =. 007). Among female, 24.8% had a leadership position vs. 44.8% among male, crude OR = 2.46, 95% CI 1.31-4.62, p<.01. When stratifying for age under 41 and having children, 36.7% of male and 5.6% of female had a leadership position, adjusted OR 10.8, 95% CI 3.28-35.64, p <.001. A significantly higher proportion of female compared to male believed they earned less than their gender counterparts at the same clinical position and with same qualifications (30.4% vs. 2.5%, p<.001). There was not a statistically significant gender difference in the academic qualification PhD degree or professorship (p =.92 and p =.64, respectively). In the previous year, male published more peer-reviewed articles than female (median 3 vs. median 2; p =.017). This first comprehensive survey on gender-differences in gynecologic oncology in Europe revealed that there are gender gaps concerning several aspects during the critical time of career development in the young generation of gynecologic oncology surgeons. These gender gaps are particularly reflected by a lower rate of female leadership positions. ENYGO and ESGO are dedicated to work on solution to overcome the identified obstacles and to support closing gender gap