Intellectual Solutions for Development of Information Technologies

With the development of computer technologies, the meaning invested in the notion of an information system changed. A modern information system is a set of information technologies aimed at supporting the life cycle of information and includes three main processes: data processing, information management and knowledge management. In conditions of a sharp increase in the volume of information, the transition to work with knowledge based on artificial intelligence is, in all probability, the only alternative to the information society

Age-sex marriage and the family structure of the guild merchants Yenisei province 60s. XIX - early XX centuries.

The article in the light of the modernization theory explains how to change the age and gender of marital and family structures guild merchants Yenisei province in the 60-ies. XIX - early XX centuries. Particular attention is paid to the processes of transformation of traditional society into an industrial-based analysis of demographic indicators of the merchant class. In archival materials, many of which are first introduced into scientific circulation shows age and sex and family and marriage patterns of guild merchants. A comparison study with other indicators of Siberian regions and national trends. It was revealed that the family and marriage structure of the merchants of the Yenisei province in the study period was influenced by traditional norms, although the trend towards degradation of family forms, first of all, the patriarchal type, characteristic of the rise of modernization processes, traced, especially in urban areas. The dynamics of the age and sex structure, indicative of the stabilization of migration flows in the region, indicating that the «smoothing» of the colonial specifics of the region

Оценка клинической эффективности схем фармакотерапии с использованием программного комплекса для ЭВМ на основе метода Фишберна (на примере противоастматической терапии у детей)

Aim: to assess the clinical efficacy of pharmacotherapy regimens using a software package. The article presents a method for assessing the clinical efficacy of pharmacotherapy regimens in children with exacerbation of bronchial asthma (BA); the method is based on comparing the treatment regimens by their significance using the Fishburn method. Materials and methods. We retrospectively analyzed the results of pharmacotherapy in 608 pediatric patients with BA treated in the hospital of Nizhny Novgorod in 2014-2015. We adopted the Fishburn method for determining the weights of each of the used regimens and their subsequent distribution by levels of clinical efficacy. The software was developed using high level C ++ language in the Borland Developer Studio 2006 environment. Results and discussion. The distribution included three levels (high, medium and low) and the subsequent clinical efficacy assessment – two levels (high and low). The high level (0.167-0.250) pertained to the combination of inhaled glucocorticosteroids (IGCS), short-acting β2- agonists (SABA) and antagonists of leukotriene receptors (ALR), the combination of IGCS, long-acting β2-agonists (LABA) and ALR, and the combination of IGCS and ALR. The average level (0.083-0.167) was given to the combination of SABA and ALR and the combination of IGCS and LABA. The low level (0-0,083) included the combination of IGCS and SABA and IGCS monotherapy. When classified by two levels of clinical efficacy, the following results were obtained: the high level (0.125-0.250) – the combination of IGCS, SABA and ALR, the combination of IGCS, LABA and ALR, the combination of IGCS and ALR, and the combination of SABA and ALR; the low level (0-0,125) – the combination of IGCS and LABA, the combination of IGCS and SABA, and IGCS monotherapy. The calculating algorithm for the software “Computer program for the distribution of drugs by levels of clinical efficacy” is presented. Conclusion. It has been shown that the combined anti-asthma therapies based on IGCS and ALR are characterized by a high level of clinical efficacy.Цель – оценка клинической эффективности схем фармакотерапии с использованием программного комплекса. В статье приведена методология оценки клинической эффективности схем фармакотерапии, использующихся в стационаре у детей по факту обострения бронхиальной астмы, на основании их распределения по уровням значимости с использованием метода Фишберна. Материалы и методы. Материалом для исследования служили данные фармакотерапии историй болезни 608 пациентов с БА, госпитализированных в стационар медицинской организации г. Нижнего Новгорода в 2014-2015 гг. Исследование носило ретроспективный характер. Методом исследования явился метод Фишберна для определения весовых коэффициентов каждой из используемых схем терапии с последующим их распределением по уровням клинической эффективности. Программное обеспечение разработано на языке высокого уровня С++ в среде Borland Developer Studio 2006. Результаты и обсуждение. В ходе выполнения работы было проведено распределение по трем уровням (высокий, средний и низкий) и по двум уровням клинической эффективности (высокий и низкий). К высокому уровню (0,167-0,250) относятся комбинация ингаляционных глюкокортикостероидов (ИГКС), коротко действующих β2-агонистов КДБА и антагонистов лейкотриеновых рецепторов (АЛР), комбинация ИГКС, длительно действующих β2-агонистов (ДДБА) и АЛР, комбинация ИГКС и АЛР; к среднему (0,083-0,167) – комбинация КДБА и АЛР, комбинация ИГКС и ДДБА; к низкому (0-0,083) – комбинация ИГКС и КДБА, монотерапия ИГКС. При распределении на два уровня клинической эффективности было получено: высокий уровень (0,125-0,250) – комбинация ИГКС, КДБА и АЛР, комбинация ИГКС, ДДБА и АЛР, комбинация ИГКС и АЛР, комбинация КДБА и АЛР; низкий уровень (0-0,125) – комбинация ИГКС и ДДБА, комбинация ИГКС и КДБА, монотерапия ИГКС. Представлен алгоритм расчетов в программе для ЭВМ «Программа для ЭВМ для распределения ЛП по уровням клинической эффективности». Заключение. Установлено, что к высокому уровню клинической эффективности относятся комбинации противоастматической терапии, включающие в себя ИГКС и АЛР

PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF INVOLVEMENT OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN EXTREMIST GROUPS IN THE INTERNET ENVIRONMENT

Abstract. The aim of the article is to consider the psychological characteristics of involvement of youth in extremist community through the Internet. Methods. The theoretical analysis and modeling were used as the main methods.Results. The Internet is described as a means and space of psychological influence on young people, which can be both positive and negative. Absorption of teenagers, boys and young men, in a virtual space essentially converts their activity and, as a result, transform the leading activity, which in turn leads to different mental tumors. Three main effects from the exposure of the Internet are found out: «the effect of the goals of drift», mythology and «the effect of excitement»; their impact on the individual in each age periods is noted. Consideration of the main motivational reasons, taking into account the specifics of building human interaction with the environment made it possible to identify and describe the main types of behavioural patterns exhibited by young people on the Internet. The degree of activity of young people in the network is described from the perspective of integrated strategies of behaviour: information blocking, changes in the distance, control, transformations. Risk groups of users, the most susceptible to extremist manipulations are designated. «Vulnerability areas» of representatives of each group are summarized and described; a step-by-step algorithm of victims’ involvement in extremist communities by recruiters is described.Scientific novelty of the present study consists in discussion of one of the most acute problems of the present – the changed conditions of a growing and socialization of younger generation; constant stay in network virtual space is an integral part of today’s existence, wherein unformed and immature person is very vulnerable to the influence of extremist content. To prevent the increased potential threat of involvement of young people in destructive, asocial and criminal activity, the authors suggest to draw close attention and to subject to the purposeful attacks of extremist communities. Detailed studying of social and psychological features of network behaviour of youth being affected by the dangerous content will help to provide well-timed prophylaxis of extremist moods among young people.Practical significance. The materials of the research can be used to identify and effectively prevent the influence of extremist groups on young Internet users.Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научно- исследовательского проекта «Интернет как инструмент формирования психологической готовности молодежи к экстремистскому поведению», проект № 16-29-09512Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научно- исследовательского проекта «Интернет как инструмент формирования психологической готовности молодежи к экстремистскому поведению», проект № 16-29-0951

Structural and dynamical characteristics of nine open star clusters

В рамках проекта по созданию однородного каталога структурных и динамических характеристик рассеянных звездных скоплений звездные подсчеты с помощью метода kernel estimator проведены для скоплений NGC 1912, NGC 2099, NGC 4052, NGC 5715, NGC 6268, NGC 6834, NGC 7142, IC 2714, Czernik 38. Для подсчетов были использованы данные каталога 2MASS. Для скоплений выборки построены карты распределения и радиальные профили поверхностной плотности, получены оценки функций светимости и функций масс, определены положения центров, получены оценки радиусов, чисел звезд и масс скоплений.Within the framework of the project of a development of the uniform catalog of structural and dynamical characteristics of open star clusters, star counts were carried out for the clusters NGC 1912, NGC 2099, NGC 4052, NGC 5715, NGC 6268, NGC 6834, NGC 7142, IC 2714, Czernik 38 with the use of kernel estimator by 2MASS data. Two-dimensional maps and radial profiles of a surface density, estimates of luminosity functions and mass functions have obtained for the sample clusters. The positions of cluster centres and estimates of the cluster radii, number of stars and masses have been determined.Часть работ проведена при финансовой поддержке государства в лице Министерства образования и науки Российской Федерации (базовая часть госзадания, РК № AAAA-A17-117030310283-7), а также при финансовой поддержке Правительства РФ (постановление № 211, контракт № 02.A03.21.0006)

DNA topoisomerases participate in fragility of the oncogene RET

Fragile site breakage was previously shown to result in rearrangement of the RET oncogene, resembling the rearrangements found in thyroid cancer. Common fragile sites are specific regions of the genome with a high susceptibility to DNA breakage under conditions that partially inhibit DNA replication, and often coincide with genes deleted, amplified, or rearranged in cancer. While a substantial amount of work has been performed investigating DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint proteins vital for maintaining stability at fragile sites, little is known about the initial events leading to DNA breakage at these sites. The purpose of this study was to investigate these initial events through the detection of aphidicolin (APH)-induced DNA breakage within the RET oncogene, in which 144 APHinduced DNA breakpoints were mapped on the nucleotide level in human thyroid cells within intron 11 of RET, the breakpoint cluster region found in patients. These breakpoints were located at or near DNA topoisomerase I and/or II predicted cleavage sites, as well as at DNA secondary structural features recognized and preferentially cleaved by DNA topoisomerases I and II. Co-treatment of thyroid cells with APH and the topoisomerase catalytic inhibitors, betulinic acid and merbarone, significantly decreased APH-induced fragile site breakage within RET intron 11 and within the common fragile site FRA3B. These data demonstrate that DNA topoisomerases I and II are involved in initiating APH-induced common fragile site breakage at RET, and may engage the recognition of DNA secondary structures formed during perturbed DNA replication

Дифференциальная диагностика двусторонних изменений легких на опыте стационара по приему внебольничных пневмоний – не только COVID-19

Due to the current epidemiological situation caused by the spread of the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, in March 2020 several Moscow hospitals were completely or partially redesigned to receive patients with community- acquired pneumonia.Purpose. The aim of the survey is to analyze clinical, laboratory and radiological data in patients with coronavirus infection at the early stages of its spread in Russia, and to clarify diseases for differential diagnosis mainly based on CT evidence.Materials and methods. We studied data from 21 patients with verified coronavirus infection admitted to the hospital for community-acquired pneumonia. Clinical symptoms, laboratory and physical indicators, as well as typical lung changes on the CT were evaluated.Results. Major clinical symptoms in coronavirus patients are fever (100%), cough (90.5%), shortness of breath (76.1%). Laboratory indicators showed increases in CRP (85.7%), leukocytosis (66.6%), and LDG (84.6%). According to CT, 95.2% of lung changes involved both sides, and 66.7% occurred in all lung fields. The sign of “ground glass” was observed in a 100% of the cases, its combination with the “paving stone” – in 61,9%, “ground glass” coupled with small areas of consolidations were detected in 33,3% of the cases. Changes such as nodules, cavities and massive areas of consolidation were not identified.Conclusion. On the basis of our own data we confirmed the main trends of diagnostics and clinical features, which were identified by authors from Asia and Europe, who faced this infection earlier, and also considered important CT characteristics useful for differential diagnosis of coronavirus lung damage and other lung diseases.В связи со сложившейся напряженной эпидемиологической ситуацией, обусловленной распространением нового коронавируса SARS-CoV-2, в марте 2020 г. несколько московских стационаров были полностью или частично перепрофилированы для приема пациентов с внебольничными пневмониями.Цель исследования: проанализировать клинические, лабораторные и лучевые данные у больных с коронавирусной инфекцией на начальных этапах ее распространения в России, а также выделить основные заболевания для дифференциальной диагностики с акцентом на данные КТ.Материал и методы. Для рассмотрения взяты данные 21 пациента с верифицированной коронавирусной инфекцией, которые поступали в ГКБ имени В.П. Демихова в стационар по приему внебольничных пневмоний. Оценивались клинические симптомы, лабораторные и физикальные показатели, а также характерные изменения в легких по данным КТ.Результаты. Основные клинические симптомы, выявленные у больных коронавирусной инфекцией: гипертермия (100%), кашель (90,5%), одышка (76,1%). Со стороны лабораторных показателей отмечались повышение уровня C-реактивного белка (85,7%), лейкоцитоз (66,6%), повышение лактатдегидрогеназы (84,6%). По данным КТ в 95,2% изменения в легких имелись с обеих сторон и в 66,7% занимали все легочные поля. В 100% поражение проявлялось участками уплотнения по типу “матового стекла”, в 61,9% это сочеталось с ретикулярной исчерченностью за счет внутридолькового интерстиция, в 33,3% – с уплотнениями в виде консолидаций. Такие изменения, как очаги, полости и массивные консолидации, выявлены не были.Заключение. На собственных данных мы подтвердили основные тренды, касающиеся клинической картины и различных аспектов диагностики, которые обозначили авторы из стран Азии и Европы, столкнувшиеся с инфекцией раньше, а также рассмотрели важные дифференциальные позиции с другими заболеваниями легких по данным КТ

Multi-Wavelength Variability of BL Lacertae Measured with High Time Resolution

In an effort to locate the sites of emission at different frequencies and physical processes causing variability in blazar jets, we have obtained high time-resolution observations of BL Lacertae over a wide wavelength range: with the \emph{Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite} (TESS) at 6,000-10,000 \AA\ with 2-minute cadence; with the Neil Gehrels \emph{Swift} satellite at optical, UV, and X-ray bands; with the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array at hard X-ray bands; with the \emph{Fermi} Large Area Telescope at $\gamma$-ray energies; and with the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope for measurement of the optical flux density and polarization. All light curves are correlated, with similar structure on timescales from hours to days. The shortest timescale of variability at optical frequencies observed with TESS is $\sim 0.5$ hr. The most common timescale is $13\pm1$~hr, comparable with the minimum timescale of X-ray variability, 14.5 hr. The multi-wavelength variability properties cannot be explained by a change solely in the Doppler factor of the emitting plasma. The polarization behavior implies that there are both ordered and turbulent components to the magnetic field in the jet. Correlation analysis indicates that the X-ray variations lag behind the $\gamma$-ray and optical light curves by up to $\sim 0.4$ days. The timescales of variability, cross-frequency lags, and polarization properties can be explained by turbulent plasma that is energized by a shock in the jet and subsequently loses energy to synchrotron and inverse Compton radiation in a magnetic field of strength $\sim3$ GComment: 33 pages, 25 figures, 14 tables. Accepted to Ap

Increasing the Number of Thyroid Lesions Classes in Microarray Analysis Improves the Relevance of Diagnostic Markers

BackgroundGenetic markers for thyroid cancers identified by microarray analysis have offered limited predictive accuracy so far because of the few classes of thyroid lesions usually taken into account. To improve diagnostic relevance, we have simultaneously analyzed microarray data from six public datasets covering a total of 347 thyroid tissue samples representing 12 histological classes of follicular lesions and normal thyroid tissue. Our own dataset, containing about half the thyroid tissue samples, included all categories of thyroid lesions. Methodology/Principal Findings Classifier predictions were strongly affected by similarities between classes and by the number of classes in the training sets. In each dataset, sample prediction was improved by separating the samples into three groups according to class similarities. The cross-validation of differential genes revealed four clusters with functional enrichments. The analysis of six of these genes (APOD, APOE, CLGN, CRABP1, SDHA and TIMP1) in 49 new samples showed consistent gene and protein profiles with the class similarities observed. Focusing on four subclasses of follicular tumor, we explored the diagnostic potential of 12 selected markers (CASP10, CDH16, CLGN, CRABP1, HMGB2, ALPL2, ADAMTS2, CABIN1, ALDH1A3, USP13, NR2F2, KRTHB5) by real-time quantitative RT-PCR on 32 other new samples. The gene expression profiles of follicular tumors were examined with reference to the mutational status of the Pax8-PPARγ, TSHR, GNAS and NRAS genes. Conclusion/Significance We show that diagnostic tools defined on the basis of microarray data are more relevant when a large number of samples and tissue classes are used. Taking into account the relationships between the thyroid tumor pathologies, together with the main biological functions and pathways involved, improved the diagnostic accuracy of the samples. Our approach was particularly relevant for the classification of microfollicular adenomas