Evaluation of resistance to lodging of buckwheat varieties on the basis of anatomical features

Lodging crops is one of the reasons for shortage of crops and reducing its quality. For common buckwheat, the tendency to lodging is one of the factors limiting the production of this valuable crop. At the moment, the main area under buckwheat in Russia is taken by the varieties created on the basis of new morphobiotypes: restrictedly branching, determinant, with the physiological determination of growth. The present study aims at evaluating the resistance to lodging varieties, from different modern selections of buckwheat in Russia. We used the method of anatomical studies. It was found that the capacity of growth of woody tissues (sclerenchyma and wood) in the stem of buckwheat can serve as an indicator of resistance to lodging. Quality varietal differences in the anatomical features have not been found. The varieties significantly differed in area of lignified tissues in cross sections of the stem; this feature manifests itself in different varieties, regardless of their affiliation to a particular morphobiotype. It was concluded that in the process of selection of significant increase in thickening lignified tissues of buckwheat varieties did not happen. In addition, the positive correlation of mean strength between the area of woody tissues and the stem thickness and root maintenance of plants

Features of the photosynthetic activity of millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) in drought conditions

In the Pre-Kama zone of the Republic of Tatarstan, the main limiting factor of the yield of most crops is the drought. One of the ways of solving this problem is the selection of early ripening varieties, able to form seed harvest before the onset of adverse conditions. This paper presents a comparative characteristics of samples of millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) of mid-early and mid-season groups in terms of photosynthetic activity. We revealed the significant differences in area and dry biomass of leaves, photosynthetic potential of the samples of different maturity groups. Significantly lower values of some indicators of photosynthetic activity of mid-season group are due to drought conditions, coinciding with the functioning of assimilation surface. In dry weather conditions, the productivity of the main shoot is highly affected, directly and indirectly, by economic coefficient of the main panicle, the photosynthetic potential of leaves of the plant in general and the photosynthetic potential of the leaves of the lower and middle tiers

Features of the photosynthetic activity of millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) in drought conditions

In the Pre-Kama zone of the Republic of Tatarstan, the main limiting factor of the yield of most crops is the drought. One of the ways of solving this problem is the selection of early ripening varieties, able to form seed harvest before the onset of adverse conditions. This paper presents a comparative characteristics of samples of millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) of mid-early and mid-season groups in terms of photosynthetic activity. We revealed the significant differences in area and dry biomass of leaves, photosynthetic potential of the samples of different maturity groups. Significantly lower values of some indicators of photosynthetic activity of mid-season group are due to drought conditions, coinciding with the functioning of assimilation surface. In dry weather conditions, the productivity of the main shoot is highly affected, directly and indirectly, by economic coefficient of the main panicle, the photosynthetic potential of leaves of the plant in general and the photosynthetic potential of the leaves of the lower and middle tiers

On the Concept of “Complexity” in Radiation Physics

Abstract: The concept of “complexity” is considered in relation to radiation processes in condensed matter. It is shown that a combination of such properties as nanoscale, fractality, low dimension, chirality, and hierarchy in combination with high nonequilibrium create conditions for the manifestation of unusual “emergent” radiation effects (radiation synergetics, great dose reduction of threshold radiation effects, etc.). Examples of radiation effects in living and inanimate systems, interpreted within the framework of the concept of “complexity”, are presented. An overview of both previously obtained and new results is presented. © 2022, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.Russian Foundation for Basic Research, РФФИ: 21-12-00392This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 21-12-00392

DNA topoisomerases participate in fragility of the oncogene RET

Fragile site breakage was previously shown to result in rearrangement of the RET oncogene, resembling the rearrangements found in thyroid cancer. Common fragile sites are specific regions of the genome with a high susceptibility to DNA breakage under conditions that partially inhibit DNA replication, and often coincide with genes deleted, amplified, or rearranged in cancer. While a substantial amount of work has been performed investigating DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint proteins vital for maintaining stability at fragile sites, little is known about the initial events leading to DNA breakage at these sites. The purpose of this study was to investigate these initial events through the detection of aphidicolin (APH)-induced DNA breakage within the RET oncogene, in which 144 APHinduced DNA breakpoints were mapped on the nucleotide level in human thyroid cells within intron 11 of RET, the breakpoint cluster region found in patients. These breakpoints were located at or near DNA topoisomerase I and/or II predicted cleavage sites, as well as at DNA secondary structural features recognized and preferentially cleaved by DNA topoisomerases I and II. Co-treatment of thyroid cells with APH and the topoisomerase catalytic inhibitors, betulinic acid and merbarone, significantly decreased APH-induced fragile site breakage within RET intron 11 and within the common fragile site FRA3B. These data demonstrate that DNA topoisomerases I and II are involved in initiating APH-induced common fragile site breakage at RET, and may engage the recognition of DNA secondary structures formed during perturbed DNA replication

The June 2016 Optical and Gamma-Ray Outburst and Optical Micro-Variability of the Blazar 3C454.3

The quasar 3C454.3 underwent a uniquely-structured multi-frequency outburst in June 2016. The blazar was observed in the optical $R$ band by several ground-based telescopes in photometric and polarimetric modes, at $\gamma$-ray frequencies by the \emph{Fermi}\ Large Area Telescope, and at 43 GHz with the Very Long Baseline Array. The maximum flux density was observed on 2016 June 24 at both optical and $\gamma$-ray frequencies, reaching $S^\mathrm{max}_\mathrm{opt}=18.91\pm0.08$ mJy and $S_\gamma^\mathrm{max} =22.20\pm0.18\times10^{-6}$ ph cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$, respectively. The June 2016 outburst possessed a precipitous decay at both $\gamma$-ray and optical frequencies, with the source decreasing in flux density by a factor of 4 over a 24-hour period in $R$ band. Intraday variability was observed throughout the outburst, with flux density changes between 1 and 5 mJy over the course of a night. The precipitous decay featured statistically significant quasi-periodic micro-variability oscillations with an amplitude of $\sim 2$-$3\%$ about the mean trend and a characteristic period of 36 minutes. The optical degree of polarization jumped from $\sim3\%$ to nearly 20\% during the outburst, while the position angle varied by \sim120\degr. A knot was ejected from the 43 GHz core on 2016 Feb 25, moving at an apparent speed $v_\mathrm{app}=20.3c\pm0.8c$. From the observed minimum timescale of variability $\tau_\mathrm{opt}^\mathrm{min}\approx2$ hr and derived Doppler factor $\delta=22.6$, we find a size of the emission region $r\lesssim2.6\times10^{15}$ cm. If the quasi-periodic micro-variability oscillations are caused by periodic variations of the Doppler factor of emission from a turbulent vortex, we derive a rotational speed of the vortex $\sim0.2c$.Comment: 19 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables, accepted to the Astrophysical Journal 2019 March

Genome Haploidisation with Chromosome 7 Retention in Oncocytic Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma

Contains fulltext : 108012.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)BACKGROUND: Recurrent non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (NMTC) is a rare disease. We initially characterized 27 recurrent NMTC: 13 papillary thyroid cancers (PTC), 10 oncocytic follicular carcinomas (FTC-OV), and 4 non-oncocytic follicular carcinomas (FTC). A validation cohort composed of benign and malignant (both recurrent and non-recurrent) thyroid tumours was subsequently analysed (n = 20). METHODS: Data from genome-wide SNP arrays and flow cytometry were combined to determine the chromosomal dosage (allelic state) in these tumours, including mutation analysis of components of PIK3CA/AKT and MAPK pathways. RESULTS: All FTC-OVs showed a very distinct pattern of genomic alterations. Ten out of 10 FTC-OV cases showed near-haploidisation with or without subsequent genome endoreduplication. Near-haploidisation was seen in 5/10 as extensive chromosome-wide monosomy (allelic state [A]) with near-haploid DNA indices and retention of especially chromosome 7 (seen as a heterozygous allelic state [AB]). In the remaining 5/10 chromosomal allelic states AA with near diploid DNA indices were seen with allelic state AABB of chromosome 7, suggesting endoreduplication after preceding haploidisation. The latter was supported by the presence of both near-haploid and endoreduplicated tumour fractions in some of the cases. Results were confirmed using FISH analysis. Relatively to FTC-OV limited numbers of genomic alterations were identified in other types of recurrent NMTC studied, except for chromosome 22q which showed alterations in 6 of 13 PTCs. Only two HRAS, but no mutations of EGFR or BRAF were found in FTC-OV. The validation cohort showed two additional tumours with the distinct pattern of genomic alterations (both with oncocytic features and recurrent). CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that recurrent FTC-OV is frequently characterised by genome-wide DNA haploidisation, heterozygous retention of chromosome 7, and endoreduplication of a near-haploid genome. Whether normal gene dosage on especially chromosome 7 (containing EGFR, BRAF, cMET) is crucial for FTC-OV tumour survival is an important topic for future research. MICROARRAYS: Data are made available at GEO (GSE31828)

I-131 Dose Response for Incident Thyroid Cancers in Ukraine Related to the Chornobyl Accident

Background: Current knowledge about Chornobyl-related thyroid cancer risks comes from ecological studies based on grouped doses, case–control studies, and studies of prevalent cancers

Разрушение твердых сред при их разноградиентном взрывном нагружении удлиненными зарядами переменного диаметра

Использован аналитический метод, основанный на фундаментальных положениях механики сплошных сред и физики взрыва, а также метод экспериментальных исследований на моделях с последующей обработкой результатов их взрывного разрушения. Результаты работы позволяют обосновать эффективность способов отбойки горных пород взрывом удлиненных зарядов ВВ переменного диаметра за счет создания разноградиентных полей напряжений, позволяющих повысить коэффициент полезного действия взрыва, уменьшить затраты на взрывные работы, выход переизмельченных фракций и объёмы пылегазовых выбросов.Використаний аналітичний метод, заснований на фундаментальних положеннях механіки суцільного середовища і фізики вибуху, а також метод експеримента-льних досліджень на моделях з наступною обробкою результатів їх вибухового руйнування. Результати роботи дозволяють обґрунтувати ефективність способів відбійки гірських порід вибухом подовжених зарядів ВР змінного діаметру за рахунок створення різноградієнтних полів напружень, що дозволить підвищити коефіцієнт корисної дії вибуху, зменшити витрати на вибухові роботи, вихід перездрібнених фракцій і обсяги пилогазових викидів.Methods based on the fundamental principles of continuum mechanics and explosion physics are used, as well as the method of experimental studies on models with subsequent processing of the results of their explosive destruction. The results of the work make it possible to justify the effectiveness of rock breaking methods by blasting elongated explosive charges of variable diameter due to the creation of different gradient stress fields, which will improve the efficiency of the explosion, reduce the costs of blasting, the yield of small-sized fractions and the amount of dust and gas emissions