STRATEGI PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN OBJEK WISATA GUNUNG MAHAWU

Pariwisata telah menjadi satu bagian yang penting bagi suatu Negara. Dengan adanya pariwisata, suatu Negara atau bagi pemerintah daerah tempat obyek wisata itu berada mendapat pemasukan dari pendapatan dari setiap obyek wisata. Bidang pariwisata memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dan strategis dalam menunjang pembangunan perekonomian negara. Sektor ini dirancang selain menjadi sebagai salah satu sumber penghasil devisa yang dapat diandalkan, juga merupakan sektor yang mampu menyerap tenaga kerja dan mendorong perkembangan investasi. Salah satu kebijakan dari pemerintah adalah menggali, menginventarisir dan mengembangkan obyek-obyek wisata yang ada sebagai daya tarik utama bagi wisatawan. tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui strategi Pemerintah Daerah dalam mengembangkan Objek Wisata Gunung Mahawu. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa Dalam rangka pengembangan objek wisata Gunung Mahawu, dalam kurun waktu 5 tahun terakhir sampai tahun 2018 dilaksanakan oleh Pemerintah Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Utara telah melaksanakan beberapa strategi dengan membangun akses jalan ke lokasi, Pembuatan Jalan Setapak dan Resting Side, Pembuatan Pos Resting Site, Pembuatan Jalan Setapak Keliling Puncak, Pembuatan Shelter Barat, Pekerjaan Sanitasi dan Air Bersih dan Pek Pelengkap. Namun keadaanya sekarang tidak begitu terawat.Kata Kunci : Strategi, Pemerintah, Objek Wisat

Biological and Pathological Studies of Rosmarinic Acid as an Inhibitor of Hemorrhagic Trimeresurus flavoviridis (habu) Venom

In our previous report, rosmarinic acid (RA) was revealed to be an antidote active compound in Argusia argentea (family: Boraginaceae). The plant is locally used in Okinawa in Japan as an antidote for poisoning from snake venom, Trimeresurus flavoviridis (habu). This article presents mechanistic evidence of RA’s neutralization of the hemorrhagic effects of snake venom. Anti-hemorrhagic activity was assayed by using several kinds of snake venom. Inhibition against fibrinogen hydrolytic and collagen hydrolytic activities of T. flavoviridis venom were examined by SDS-PAGE. A histopathological study was done by microscopy after administration of venom in the presence or absence of RA. RA was found to markedly neutralize venom-induced hemorrhage, fibrinogenolysis, cytotoxicity and digestion of type IV collagen activity. Moreover, RA inhibited both hemorrhage and neutrophil infiltrations caused by T. flavoviridis venom in pathology sections. These results demonstrate that RA inhibited most of the hemorrhage effects of venom. These findings indicate that rosmarinic acid can be expected to provide therapeutic benefits in neutralization of snake venom accompanied by heat stability

KELAPA SAWIT SEBAGAI BASIS INDONESIA PENGHASIL UTAMA BIOFUEL DAN KARBON AKTIF

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara produsen sawit dunia. Data menujukan bahwa tahun 2013 produksi minyak sawit Indonesia sebesar 30,5 juta ton dan naik 40,95 % dalam waktu 6 tahun. Tahun 2019 Produksi sawit Indonesia menjadi 43 juta ton. Perkembangan produksi minyak sawit Indonesia periode 2013-2019. Selain sebagai produsen sawit dunia, ternyata Indonesia juga sebagai pemimpin produsen sawit dunia. Produksi minyak sawit 43 juta ton tersebut akan menjadikan Indonesia berpotensi menghasilkan 12,9 juta ton tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dalam setahun. Hal ini setara dengan 1.612.500 truk tandan kosong, suatu jumlah yang luar biasa besar. TKKS ini dapat dijadikan karbon aktif yang memenuhi standar karbon aktif bahkan bias menghasilkan karbon aktif berkualitas tinggi. Karbon aktif dapat digunakan untuk proses pemurnian pada industri, proses pengolahan air, proses pengelolaan limbah, proses bleaching, adsorpsi dan penghilang bau. Pada sisi lain dengan produksi minyak sawit sebanyak 43 juta metrik ton per tahun, dengan asumsi 15 persen saja diubah menjadi biodiesel dan biofuel, dengan yield rata-rata 70% maka dapat memenuhi biodiesel dan biofuel 4,515 juta ton pengelolaan atau setara 3.840 juta liter biodiesel dan biofuel

Isolation and Biochemical Characterization of Rubelase, a Non-Hemorrhagic Elastase from Crotalus ruber ruber (Red Rattlesnake) Venom

A novel non-hemorrhagic basic metalloprotease, rubelase, was isolated from the venom of Crotalus ruber ruber. Rubelase hydrolyzes succinyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl p-nitroanilide (STANA), a specific substrate for elastase, and the hydrolytic activity was inhibited by chelating agents. It also hydrolyzes collagen and fibrinogen. However, hemorrhagic activity was not observed. By ESI/Q-TOF and MALDI/TOF mass spectrometry combined with Edman sequencing procedure, the molecular mass of rubelase was determined to be 23,266 Da. Although its primary structure was similar to rubelysin (HT-2), a hemorrhagic metalloprotease isolated from the same snake venom, the circumstances surrounding putative zinc binding domain HEXXHXXGXXH were found to be different when the three-dimensional computer models of both metalloproteases were compared. The cytotoxic effects of rubelase and rubelysin on cultured endothelial and smooth muscle cells were also different, indicating that the substitution of several amino acid residues causes the changes of active-site conformation and cell preference

Isolation and Chemical Characterization of a Toxin Isolated from the Venom of the Sea Snake, Hydrophis torquatus aagardi

Sea snakes (family: Hydrophiidae) are serpents found in the coastal areas of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. There are two subfamilies in Hydrophiidae: Hydrophiinae and Laticaudinae. A toxin, aagardi toxin, was isolated from the venom of the Hydrophiinae snake, Hydrophis torquatus aagardi and its chemical properties such as molecular weight, isoelectric point, importance of disulfide bonds, lack of enzymatic activity and amino acid sequence were determined. The amino acid sequence indicated a close relationship to the primary structure of other Hydrophiinae toxins and a significant difference from Laticaudinae toxins, confirming that primary toxin structure is closely related to sea snake phylogenecity

Comparison of Sea Snake (Hydrophiidae) Neurotoxin to Cobra (Naja) Neurotoxin

Both sea snakes and cobras have venoms containing postsynaptic neurotoxins. Comparison of the primary structures indicates many similarities, especially the positions of the four disulfide bonds. However, detailed examination reveals differences in several amino acid residues. Amino acid sequences of sea snake neurotoxins were determined, and then compared to cobra neurotoxins by computer modeling. This allowed for easy comparison of the similarities and differences between the two types of postsynaptic neurotoxins. Comparison of computer models for the toxins of sea snakes and cobra will reveal the three dimensional difference of the toxins much clearer than the amino acid sequence alone