135 research outputs found
Comparison of 2 diets with either 25% or 10% of energy as casein on energy expenditure, substrate balance, and appetite profile.
BACKGROUND: An increase in the protein content of a diet results in an increase in satiety and energy expenditure. It is not clear to what extent a specific type of protein has such effects. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to compare the effects of 2 diets with either 25% or 10% of energy from casein (25En% and 10En% casein diets), as the only protein source, on energy expenditure, substrate balance, and appetite profile. DESIGN: During a 36-h stay in a respiration chamber, 24 healthy subjects [12 men and 12 women, body mass index (in kg/m(2)) of 22.4 +/- 2.4, age 25 +/- 7 y] received isoenergetic diets according to subject-specific energy requirements: 25En% diet (25%, 20%, and 55% of energy as protein, fat, and carbohydrate, respectively) and 10En% diet (10%, 35%, and 55% of energy as protein, fat, and carbohydrate, respectively) in a randomized crossover design. Three days before the diets began, the subjects consumed a similar diet at home. Energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, and appetite scores were measured. RESULTS: The 25En% casein diet resulted in a 2.6% higher 24-h total energy expenditure (9.30 +/- 0.24 compared with 9.07 +/- 0.24 MJ/d; P < 0.01) and a higher sleeping metabolic rate (6.74 +/- 0.16 compared with 6.48 +/- 0.17 MJ/d; P < 0.001) than did the 10En% casein diet. With the 25En% casein diet, compared with the 10En% casein diet, the subjects were in positive protein balance (0.57 +/- 0.05 compared with -0.08 +/- 0.03 MJ/d; P < 0.0001) and negative fat balance (-0.83 +/- 0.14 compared with 0.11 +/- 0.17 MJ/d; P < 0.0001), whereas positive carbohydrate balances were not significantly different between diets. Satiety was 33% higher with the 25En% casein diet than with the 10En% casein diet (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: A 25En% casein diet boosts energy expenditure, protein balance, satiety, and negative fat balance, which is beneficial to body weight management
Nutrigenomics of Body Weight Regulation: A Rationale for Careful Dissection of Individual Contributors
Body weight stability may imply active regulation towards a certain physiological condition, a body weight setpoint. This interpretation is ill at odds with the world-wide increase in overweight and obesity. Until now, a body weight setpoint has remained elusive and the setpoint theory did not provide practical clues for body weight reduction interventions. For this an alternative theoretical model is necessary, which is available as the settling point model. The settling point model postulates that there is little active regulation towards a predefined body weight, but that body weight settles based on the resultant of a number of contributors, represented by the individual’s genetic predisposition, in interaction with environmental and socioeconomic factors, such as diet and lifestyle. This review refines the settling point model and argues that by taking body weight regulation from a settling point perspective, the road will be opened to careful dissection of the various contributors to establishment of body weight and its regulation. This is both necessary and useful. Nutrigenomic technologies may help to delineate contributors to body weight settling. Understanding how and to which extent the different contributors influence body weight will allow the design of weight loss and weight maintenance interventions, which hopefully are more successful than those that are currently available
Hairy black holes in theories with massive gravitons
This is a brief survey of the known black hole solutions in the theories of
ghost-free bigravity and massive gravity. Various black holes exist in these
theories, in particular those supporting a massive graviton hair. However, it
seems that solutions which could be astrophysically relevant are the same as in
General Relativity, or very close to them. Therefore, the no-hair conjecture
essentially applies, and so it would be hard to detect the graviton mass by
observing black holes.Comment: References added. 20 pages, 3 figures, based on the talk given at the
7-th Aegean Summer School "Beyond Einstein's theory of gravity", September
201
Longitudinal double-spin asymmetry and cross section for inclusive neutral pion production at midrapidity in polarized proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 200 GeV
We report a measurement of the longitudinal double-spin asymmetry A_LL and
the differential cross section for inclusive Pi0 production at midrapidity in
polarized proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 200 GeV. The cross section was
measured over a transverse momentum range of 1 < p_T < 17 GeV/c and found to be
in good agreement with a next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculation.
The longitudinal double-spin asymmetry was measured in the range of 3.7 < p_T <
11 GeV/c and excludes a maximal positive gluon polarization in the proton. The
mean transverse momentum fraction of Pi0's in their parent jets was found to be
around 0.7 for electromagnetically triggered events.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. D (RC
High non-photonic electron production in + collisions at = 200 GeV
We present the measurement of non-photonic electron production at high
transverse momentum ( 2.5 GeV/) in + collisions at
= 200 GeV using data recorded during 2005 and 2008 by the STAR
experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The measured
cross-sections from the two runs are consistent with each other despite a large
difference in photonic background levels due to different detector
configurations. We compare the measured non-photonic electron cross-sections
with previously published RHIC data and pQCD calculations. Using the relative
contributions of B and D mesons to non-photonic electrons, we determine the
integrated cross sections of electrons () at 3 GeV/10 GeV/ from bottom and charm meson decays to be = 4.0({\rm
stat.})({\rm syst.}) nb and =
6.2({\rm stat.})({\rm syst.}) nb, respectively.Comment: 17 pages, 17 figure
Evolution of the differential transverse momentum correlation function with centrality in Au+Au collisions at GeV
We present first measurements of the evolution of the differential transverse
momentum correlation function, {\it C}, with collision centrality in Au+Au
interactions at GeV. {\it C} exhibits a strong dependence
on collision centrality that is qualitatively similar to that of number
correlations previously reported. We use the observed longitudinal broadening
of the near-side peak of {\it C} with increasing centrality to estimate the
ratio of the shear viscosity to entropy density, , of the matter formed
in central Au+Au interactions. We obtain an upper limit estimate of
that suggests that the produced medium has a small viscosity per unit entropy.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, STAR paper published in Phys. Lett.
Longitudinal scaling property of the charge balance function in Au + Au collisions at 200 GeV
We present measurements of the charge balance function, from the charged
particles, for diverse pseudorapidity and transverse momentum ranges in Au + Au
collisions at 200 GeV using the STAR detector at RHIC. We observe that the
balance function is boost-invariant within the pseudorapidity coverage [-1.3,
1.3]. The balance function properly scaled by the width of the observed
pseudorapidity window does not depend on the position or size of the
pseudorapidity window. This scaling property also holds for particles in
different transverse momentum ranges. In addition, we find that the width of
the balance function decreases monotonically with increasing transverse
momentum for all centrality classes.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
Measurement of the Bottom contribution to non-photonic electron production in collisions at =200 GeV
The contribution of meson decays to non-photonic electrons, which are
mainly produced by the semi-leptonic decays of heavy flavor mesons, in
collisions at 200 GeV has been measured using azimuthal
correlations between non-photonic electrons and hadrons. The extracted
decay contribution is approximately 50% at a transverse momentum of GeV/. These measurements constrain the nuclear modification factor for
electrons from and meson decays. The result indicates that meson
production in heavy ion collisions is also suppressed at high .Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted by PR
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