Metaheurísticas para Smart Mobility: Reducción de Emisiones y Consumo de Carburantes en el Tráfico Urbano

Hoy en día, la mejora del tráfico vehicular supone una labor ineludible en nuestras ciudades a la hora de mitigar problemas como la excesiva emisión de gases contaminantes y el consumo no sostenible de carburantes. El concepto de Smart Mobility enmarca el conjunto de acciones, técnicas e infraestructuras encaminadas a la mejora de la movilidad y organización del tráfico en las ciudades. En este contexto, proponemos en este trabajo una estrategia de optimización basada en técnicas metaheurísticas de Inteligencia Colectiva para la programación de ciclos en los semáforos desplegados en grandes zonas metropolitanas. De esta forma, pretendemos mejorar el flujo del tráfico de los vehículos con el objetivo global de reducir las emisiones de gases contaminantes (CO2 y NOx) y el consumo de combustible en las áreas observadas. En este estudio seguimos el modelo de referencia en la Unión Europea para las emisiones de tráfico HBEFA y nos centramos en dos áreas urbanas localizadas en las ciudades de Málaga y Sevilla. Tras varias comparativas entre diferentes técnicas de optimización y con soluciones dadas por expertos en el dominio, comprobamos cómo nuestra propuesta es capaz de obtener reducciones significativas en términos de emisiones contaminantes y de consumo de carburante.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad y FEDER (TIN2011-28194) y BES-2009-01876

An study of the driving forces of CO2 emissions in the member states of the European Union (EU-28)

Seminario impartido en la XXXVII Reunión Bienal de la RSEF. Zaragoza, julio de 2019An study of the driving forces of CO2 emissions in the member states of the European Union (EU-28

Validación Inteligente para la Sincronización de Semáforos Basada en Feature Models

El concepto de Smart City o Ciudad Inteligente engloba el conjunto de acciones y servicios, basados en las tecnologías de información y comunicación, que se ofrecen en un núcleo urbano. En este sentido, el uso de técnicas bioinspiradas para la gestión del flujo del tráfico mediante la sincronización de semáforos podría constituir uno de los aspectos más innovadores en los entornos urbanos en el futuro. No obstante, la programación automática de semáforos requiere además de un proceso de validación de las soluciones generadas, dado que afectan a la seguridad de miles de usuarios. En este trabajo se propone una estrategia de validación basada en los Modelos de Características (Feature Models) para generar automáticamente diversos escenarios para la comprobación de la robustez de los programas de semáforos. Como caso de estudio, se realiza la validación de programas de semáforos en el área urbana de la ciudad de Málaga, generados mediante cuatro algoritmos de optimización (PSO, DE, Random Search y SCPG). El resultado es información validada sobre el programa de semáforos que mejor actúa para un mayor porcentaje de situaciones de tráfico diferentes.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad y FEDER: TIN2011-28194, BES-2012-055967 y BES-2009-01876

Analysis of the State of Stresses and Plastic Strains during the Necking Process in Ductile Steels

In steel, the knowledge beyond the yield strength elastic is of the utmost importance because of the large plastic strain that take place both at the time of the breakage and multiple conformation processes involving a stretch of material, such as rolling or extrusion. Beyond the manufacturing process, the trend nowadays is to the use of more ductile steels for concrete every time, that improve the behavior of structures due to loads limits such as those produced by seismic events. In this investigation, based on breakage testing tensile, we present a detailed analysis of the behavior of ductile steels, manufactured by hot rolling, defining plastic behavior of these laws to breaking, focusing primarily on the phenomenon of the formation of the neck

Is India on the right pathway to reduce CO 2 emissions? Decomposing an enlarged Kaya identity using the LMDI method for the period 1990-2016

Nowadays, India is the third-largest CO2 emitter and energy consumer in the world, and, it is soon expected to surpass China as the most populated country. Therefore, it is of great interest to analyse how India is developing its energy transition to a lower-carbon economy. This work analyses the evolution of the main driving forces of CO2 emissions in India during the period $1990-2016$ through the use of an enlarged version of the Kaya identity, which establishes a link between CO2 emissions, types of energy sources (16), size of the economic sectors (3) and value of the Gross Domestic Product. India's CO2 emissions increased by 276% in the period under study, due to the rapid economic growth of India, which has been the dominating driving force contributing to the increase in CO2 emissions by 241%, while the energy intensity has been the main one reducing them by approximately 47%. So far, the use of coal has supported the rapid economic growth and the contribution of renewable energy, although significant, is still short compared to the total amount of energy employed. Remarkably, the estimated value of the emission intensity for 2020 supposes a 26% reduction concerning the value in 2005. According to this result, India is on the right pathway to fulfill its Nationally Determined Contribution but not to reduce its net CO2 emissions

Elasto-plastic hardening models adjustment to ferritic, austenitic and austenoferritic Rebar

The elastoplastic behaviour of steel used for structural member fabrication has received attention to facilitate a mechanical-resistant design. New Zealand and South African standards have adopted various theoreti-cal approaches to describe such behaviour in stainless steels. With respect to the building industry, describing the tensile behaviour of steel rebar used to produce reinforced concrete structures is of interest. Differences compared with the homogenous material described in the above mentioned standards and related literatures are discussed in this paper. Specifically, the presence of ribs and the TEMPCORE® technology used to produce carbon steel rebar may alter the elastoplastic model. Carbon steel rebar is shown to fit a Hollomon model giving hardening exponent values on the order of 0.17. Austenitic stainless steel rebar behaviour is better described using a modified Rasmussen model with a free fitted exponent of 6. Duplex stainless steel shows a poor fit to any previous model.Ajuste de los aceros corrugados ferríticos, austeníticos y austenoferríticos a los modelos de endureci-miento elastoplástico por deformación. Uno de los principales factores tenidos en cuenta en la fabricación de aceros estructurales es su comportamiento durante la fase elastoplástica o de endurecimiento por deformación. Normas neozelandesas y sudafricanas plantean diversas aproximaciones teóricas para describir dicho comportamiento en el caso de los aceros inoxidables. En el campo de la construcción resulta de interés la descripción del comporta-miento tenso-deformacional de los aceros corrugados utilizados en las estructuras de hormigón armado. En este artículo se discuten los modelos planteados en las normas citadas anteriormente así como los existentes en la litera-tura tanto para los aceros corrugados inoxidables como para los aceros al carbono fabricados mediante el proceso denominado TEMPCORE® Los aceros TEMPCORE® analizados arrojan un valor del exponente de endureci-miento por deformación según el modelo de Hollomon de 0.17. Los aceros inoxidables austeníticos se ajustan mejor al modelo de Rasmussen presentando un exponente de valor 6 realizando un ajuste libre de la función correspondiente. Para los aceros inoxidables Dúplex se obtienen muy bajos ajustes para los dos modelos citados

Estudio constructivo del Palacio de los Niños de Don Gome (Andújar, Jaén), gestionado desde el proyecto HBIM

[EN] Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a collaborative system used extensively in the design and management of the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industries. Current platforms manage the information as data centres (i.e. databases) related to graphical representations located in 3D parametric models. Today, these new technologies are nowadays being incorporated in heritage assets. This paper aims to establish a methodology, based on these efficient platforms, for studying built heritage, including historical and construction aspects by adding the chronology of those interventions made in the historic building. This case study is focused on the Palace of the Children of Don Gome, a historic building located in the city of Andújar, in Jaén (Spain). The interest of this case study lies in the historic innovations and areas added to this palace. Likewise, the collection and manipulation of the graphic information and data related to the interventions have been based on an interoperable 3D graphic model, which allows users to include all the related documentation from different disciplines associated with the conservation and heritage restoration processes. In this paper, the construction process carried out during the last restoration of the building is studied. Specifically, it analyses the last building intervention in 1989, in particular an area of the coffered ceiling slab in the northern nave, located on the first floor. Within this model, all the elements that constitute the roof of the tower, mudwall walls, slabs and coffered ceilings of the northern nave have been studied, using photogrammetry for data acquisition and 3D modelling, and these data are included in a 3D digital model of the building generated using ArchiCAD software. Moreover, the system will be used to improve the management of the information obtained during heritage maintenance, creating a record of the whole building life cycle. As well as the historical documentation and graphical research, and the analysis of the procedures carried out during the last refurbishment of the building, new building construction system proposals have arisen which have been modelled to fulfil the Level Of Development (LOD) 300. Further analysis of these construction solutions used provides knowledge of how large 16th century palaces were built, and the kind of restoration conducted by architects at the end of the 20th century. The results obtained show how current BIM platforms are able to record construction and evolutionary aspects of a building’s history, by identifying all the original elements and classifying them before their demolition. Also, by making a detailed inventory of the whole coffered ceiling in which the position and the temporal order (original – later addition) of the elements are included, it is possible to virtually replace those elements in their original positions, reducing the visual impact of the intervention. On the other hand, multiple errors in projects based on graphical systems of representation, mainly Computer-Aided Design (CAD), may derive from contradictions in the official sources consulted, such as the plans of the cadastre, the city council, and those produced through manual measurement procedures. However, in this paper, real graphical documentation has been generated using specific 3D surveying techniques for capturing geometry and accurate measurements, as well as by utilising the BIM system.[ES] El presente documento pretende exponer una metodología eficiente para el estudio del patrimonio construido que englobe aspectos históricos y constructivos al incorporar la cronología de las intervenciones realizadas en el edificio histórico. El caso de estudio se centra en el Palacio de los niños de Don Gome, un edificio histórico situado en la localidad de Andújar, en Jaén (España). La recopilación y manipulación de la información gráfica y de datos relacionados se sustentará en un modelo gráfico 3D interoperable, que permita una gestión de toda la documentación integrada en el mismo desde todos los campos disciplinares relacionados con el proceso de conservación y rehabilitación patrimonial. Además, el sistema permitirá ampliar la gestión de la información que se obtiene en el mantenimiento del patrimonio, cumpliendo así su ciclo de vida. En el trabajo expuesto se analiza el proceso constructivo llevado a cabo en la última rehabilitación del edificio. En concreto, se analiza la fase realizada en la última intervención del edificio en el año 1989 y en una zona puntual del artesonado del forjado de la Nave Norte, situada en la primera planta. Estos datos se incluyen en un modelo digital 3D de información del edificio generado mediante el software ArchiCAD. Dentro del propio modelo se han estudiado en profundidad todos los elementos que conforman la cubierta de la torre, los muros de tapial, forjados, cubiertas y artesonados de la nave norte, empleando en esta última zona la fotogrametría como técnica de adquisición de datos y reproducción en 3D. Se lleva a cabo una clasificación tipológica de los elementos singulares de los canes originales del siglo XVI en el modelo 3D y se implanta un nuevo procedimiento de marcadores de revisión que identifican tanto las omisiones del proyecto como las intervenciones a lo largo de la historia del edificio patrimonial en el Proyecto HBIM. Lo más destacado: Estudio constructivo mediante tecnología BIM que desarrolla la clasificación tipológica de los elementos singularede valor histórico en el patrimonio arquitectónico. Registro, organización de datos y marcadores de revisión que identifican las fases de intervención en el ProyectHBIM. Análisis del proceso constructivo de la rehabilitación de 1989 del Palacio de los niños de Don Gome en Andújar bajo un enfoque BIM.Nieto, E.; Moyano, JJ.; García, Á. (2019). Construction study of the Palace of the Children of Don Gome (Andújar, Jaén), managed through the HBIM project. Virtual Archaeology Review. 10(20):84-97. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2019.10567SWORD84971020Angulo Fornos, R. (2013). Construcción de la base gráfica para un sistema de información y gestión del patrimonio arquitectónico: Casa de Hylas. Arqueología de la Arquitectura, (9), 11-25. https://doi.org/10.3989/arqarqt.2012.10005Antón, D., Medjdoub, B., Shrahily, R., & Moyano, J. (2018). Accuracy evaluation of the semi-automatic 3D modeling for historical building information models. International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 12(5), 790-805. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2017.1415391Banfi, F., Fai, S., & Brumana, R. (2017). BIM automation: advanced modeling generative process for complex structures. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, IV-2/W2, 9-16. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-IV-2-W2-9-2017Barazzetti, l., Banfi, F., Brumana, R., Oreni, D., Previtali, M., & Roncoroni, F. (2015). HBIM and augmented information: towards a wider user community of image and range-based reconstructions. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XL-5/W7, 35-42. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-5-W7-35-2015Barbosa, M. J., Pauwels, P., Ferreira, V., & Mateus, L. (2016). Towards increased BIM usage for existing building interventions. Structural Survey, 34(2), 168-190. https://doi.org/10.1108/SS-01-2015-0002Bassier, M., Hadjidemetriou, G., Vergauwen, M., Van Roy, N., & Verstrynge, E. (2016). Implementation of Scan-to-BIM and FEM for the Documentation and Analysis of Heritage Timber Roof Structures. In M. Ioannides, E. Fink, A. Moropoulou, M. Hagedorn-Saupe, A. Fresa, G. Liestøl, V. Rajcic, & P. Grussenmeyer (Eds.), Digital Heritage. Progress in Cultural Heritage: Documentation, Preservation, and Protection. EuroMed 2016. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 10058, 79-90. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48496-9_7Bosché, F., Ahmed, M., Turkan, Y., Haas, C. T., & Haas, R. (2015). The value of integrating Scan-to-BIM and Scan-vs-BIM techniques for construction monitoring using laser scanning and BIM: The case of cylindrical MEP components. Automation in Construction, 49, 201-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2014.05.014Bruno, S., De Fino, M., & Fatiguso, F. (2018). Historic Building Information Modelling: performance assessment for diagnosis-aided information modelling and management. Automation in Construction, 86, 256-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2017.11.009Brumana, R., Georgopoulos, A., Oreni, D., Raimondi, A., & Reggiani, A. (2013). HBIM for documentation, dissemination and management of built heritage. The case study of St. Maria in Scaria d'Intelvi. International Journal of Heritage in the Digital Era, 2(3), 433-451. https://doi.org/10.1260/2047-4970.2.3.433Brumana, R., Oreni, D., Cuca, B., Binda, L., Condoleo, P., & Triggiani, M. (2014). Strategy for integrated surveying techniques finalized to interpretive models in a Byzantine church, Mesopotam, Albania. International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 8(6), 886-924. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2012.756077Cicaló, E. (2016). B.I.M. per la rappresentazione del patrimonio costruito storico. Il rilievo delle facciate decorate Liberty e Art Dèco. DisegnareCon, 9(16), 18.1-18.10. Retrieved from http://disegnarecon.univaq.it/ojs/index.php/disegnarecon/article/viewFile/141/114de Torres Laguna, C., 1981. Andújar a través de sus actas capitulares (1600-1850). Jaén: Instituto de Estudios Giennenses (CSIC).Domínguez, J. (1999). Sobre la construcción del andujare-o palacio "Los Ni-os de Don Gome". Boletín del Instituto de Estudios Giennenses, 172(2), 983-1004. Retrieved from https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1213257Dore, C., Murphy, M., Mccarthy, S., Brechin, F., Casidy, C., & Dirix, E. (2015). Structural simulations and analyzes of conservation - historical building information modeling (HBIM). The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XL-5/W4, 351-357. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-5-W4-351-2015Dore, C., & Murphy, M. (2017). Current state of the art historic building information modelling. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XLII-2/W5, 185-192. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W5-185-2017Eastman, C.M., Eastman, C., Teicholz, P., & Sacks, R. (2011). BIM Handbook: A guide to Building Information Modeling for Owners, Managers, Designers, Engineers, and Contractors. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.Fai, S., Graham, K., Duckworth, T., Wood, N., & Attar, R. (2011). Building information modelling and heritage documentation. 18th International Conference on Virtual Systems and Multimedia, XXIII CIPA Symposium, 2011 Prague, Czech Republic (pp. 12-16). Retrieved from https://d2f99xq7vri1nk.cloudfront.net/legacy_app_files/pdf/Fai.pdfFai, S., Filippi, M., & Paliaga, S. (2013). Parametric Modelling (BIM) for the documentation of vernacular construction methods: A BIM model for the Commissariat Building, Ottawa, Canada. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, II-5/W1, 115-120. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-II-5-W1-115-2013García-Valldecabres, J., Pellicer, E., & Jordan-Palomar, I. (2016). BIM Scientific Literature Review for Existing Buildings and a Theoretical Method: Proposal for Heritage Data Management Using HBIM. Construction Research Congress (pp. 2228-2239). San Juan, Puerto Rico. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784479827.222García, E. S., García-Valldecabres, J., & Blasco, M. J. V. (2018). The use of HBIM models as a tool for dissemination and public use management of historical architecture: A review. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 13(1), 96-107. https://doi.org/10.2495/SDP-V13-N1-96-107García Gascón, Á. (2015). Estudio y análisis histórico, evolutivo y constructivo del Palacio de los Niños de Don Gome (Andújar, Jaén), gestionado por un modelo gráfico de información (B.I.M.) (Trabajo Fin de Grado). Universidad de Sevilla.Hajian, H., & Becerik-Gerber, B. (2010). Scan to BIM: factors affecting operational and computational errors and productivity loss. 27th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction (pp. 265-272). Retrieved from http://www.iaarc.org/publications/fulltext/Scan_to_BIM_factors_affecting_operational_and_computational_errors_and_productivity_loss.pdf.Jerónimo, M., Pauwels, P., Ferreira, V., & Mateus, L. (2016). Towards increased BIM usage for existing building interventions. Structural Survey, 34(2), 168-190. https://doi.org/10.1108/SS-01-2015-0002Lee, G., Sacks, R., & Eastman, C. M. (2006). Specifying parametric building object behavior (BOB) for a building information modeling system. Automation in Construction, 15(6), 758-776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2005.09.009Logothetis, S., Delinasiou, A., & Stylianidis, E. (2015). Building Information Modelling for Cultural Heritage: A review. ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, II-5/W3, 177-183. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-II-5-W3-177-2015López, F. J., Lerones, P. M., Llamas, J., Gómez-García-Bermejo, J., & Zalama, E. (2018). A review of heritage building information modeling (H-BIM ). Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 2(21), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.3390/mti2020021Mediavilla, A., Izkara, J. L., & Prieto, I. (2015). HOLISTEEC - Plataforma colaborativa en la nube basada en BIM para el dise-o de edificios energéticamente eficientes. Spanish Journal of BIM, 15(1), 4-11. Retrieved from https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=5496888Moyano, J. J., Barrera, J. A., Nieto, J. E., Marín,, D. & Antón, D. (2017). a Geometrical Similarity Pattern As an Experimental Model for Shapes in Architectural Heritage: a Case Study of the Base of the Pillars in the Cathedral of Seville and the Church of Santiago in Jerez, Spain. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XLII-2/W3, 511-517. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W3-511-2017Murphy, M., McGovern, E., & Pavia, S. (2013). Historic Building Information Modelling - Adding intelligence to laser and image based surveys of European classical architecture. Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 76, 89-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2012.11.006Nieto, J. (2012). Generación de modelos de información para la gestión de una intervención: La cárcel de la Real Fábrica de Tabacos de Sevilla. Virtual Archaeology Review, 3(5), 63-67. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2012.4525Nieto, J., Moyano, J., Rico, F., & Antón, D. (2013). La necesidad de un modelo de información aplicado al patrimonio arquitectónico. Actas del 1º Congreso nacional BIM - EUBIM 2013, Valencia, (pp. 21-32). Retrieved from https://idus.us.es/xmlui/handle/11441/39441Nieto, J., & Moyano, J. (2014a). El estudio paramental en el modelo de información del edificio histórico o "Proyecto HBIM". Virtual Archaeology Review, 5(11), 73-85. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2014.4183Nieto, J., Moyano, J., & Fernández‐Valderrama, P. (2014b). Implementación de las nuevas técnicas de levantamiento en el sistema BIM (Building Information Modeling). XII Graphic Expression applied to Building International (Vol. I, pp. 327-337). Retrieved from https://idus.us.es/xmlui/handle/11441/39500Nieto, J., Moyano, J., Rico, F., & Antón, D. (2016). Management of built heritage via HBIM Project: A case study of flooring and tiling. Virtual Archaeology Review, 7(14), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2016.4349Oriel, E., & Clare, P. (2015). HBIM and matching techniques: considerations for late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century buildings. Journal of Architectural Conservation, 21(3), 145-159. https://doi.org/10.1080/13556207.2016.1139852Ortega, H., Moyano, J., Rico, F., Marín, D., & Fresco, R. (2014). Tectografía secuencial como sistema de representación. XII Congreso Internacional de Expresión Gráfica Aplicada a la Edificación, Madrid, 1, (pp. 272-278). Retrieved from https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=609805

Validation of close-range photogrammetry for architectural and archaeological heritage Analysis of point density and 3D mesh geometry

The 3D digitization and Building Information Modeling (BIM), which is based on parametric objects, have considerably advanced by developing massive data capture techniques. Thus, reverse engineering currently plays a major role as these technologies capture accurately and efficiently the geometry, color and textures of complex architectural, archaeological and cultural heritage. This paper aims to validate close-range Structure from Motion (SfM) for heritage by analyzing the point density and the 3D mesh geometry in comparison with Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS). The accuracy of the results and the geometry mainly depends on the processing performed on the point set. Therefore, these two variables are significant in the 3D reconstruction of heritage buildings. This paper focuses on a 15th century case study in Seville (Spain): the main façade of Casa de Pilatos. Ten SfM surveys were carried out varying the capture method (simple and stereoscopic) and the number of shots, distances, orientation and procedure. A mathematical analysis is proposed to verify the point spatial resolution and the accuracy of the 3D model geometry by section profiles in SfM data. SfM achieved acceptable accuracy levels to generate 3D meshes despite disordered shots and the number of images. Hence, stereoscopic photography using new instruments improved the results of close-range photogrammetry while reducing the required number of photographs

Ferric sludge derived from the process of water purification as an efficient catalyst and/or support for the removal of volatile organic compounds

[EN] Ferric chloride solutions are used as coagulants or flocculants in water treatment operations for human consumption. This treatment produces large amounts of clay-type solids formed mainly of montmorillonite with iron oxides and humic substances. This ferric sludge can be used as an efficient catalyst for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by total oxidation. This waste isolated in the purification process has been activated by calcinations in air, characterized by several physicochemical techniques and employed as a catalyst for the removal by total oxidation of representative VOCs: toluene, propane and mixtures of toluene/propane with or without water. This ferric sludge has shown a catalytic activity one order of magnitude higher than that of a commercial iron oxide. This high activity has been related to the composition of the sludge (as it contains active metal oxides such as oxides of iron and manganese) and to the porous structure (leading to a reasonably high surface area). Moreover, it can be also used as a support for platinum, showing comparable (or even higher) catalytic activity than a similar platinum catalyst supported on conventional gamma-alumina.The authors would like to acknowledge the DGICYT in Spain CTQ2012-37925-C03-2, CTQ2015-68951-C3-1-R and CTQ2015-68951-C3-3-R. Authors from UV thank the University of Valencia (UV-INV-AE16-484416 project) and MINECO (MAT2017-84118-C2-1-R project) for funding. Finally, authors thank the Electron Microscopy Service of SCSIE of Universitat de Valencia for their support.Sanchis, R.; Dejoz, A.; Vázquez, I.; Vilarrasa-García, E.; Jiménez-Jiménez, J.; Rodríguez-Castellón, E.; López Nieto, JM.... (2019). Ferric sludge derived from the process of water purification as an efficient catalyst and/or support for the removal of volatile organic compounds. Chemosphere. 219:286-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.002S28629521

Influence of rebar design on mechanical behaviour of Tempcore steel

22nd European Conference on Fracture, ECF 2018; Metropol Palace Belgrade; Serbia; 25 August 2018 through 26 August 2018; Code 145523Tensile behaviour of metals beyond the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) must be considered to calculate toughness or absorbed energy till fracture. Structural steels, designed to withstand earthquakes, are the typical material where post necking behaviour can be of paramount importance. This paper deals with the tensile stress-strain behaviour of Tempcore Rebar, a specifically shaped structural steel. Helical, short ribs, formed by rolling, protrude from the cylindrical basic shape of the Rebar. This help in increasing concrete/steel adherence in reinforced structures. On the other hand, those ribs make it difficult to assess strain distribution in the necking area, according to well-known theories describing neck profile. New or modified experimental methods, along with new theoretical approaches must be developed to help in studying neck profile evolution and corresponding stresses in rebars. Advances in such methods and theories are presented in this paper along with comparison with Tempcore cylindrical bars necking behaviour. The effect of ribs is clearly identified