Territorialização e lutas pelo espaço em áreas de reestruturação urbana : o caso do IV Distrito de Porto Alegre/RS

A presente pesquisa tem como principal objeto de investigação a territorialização de setores urbanos em processo de reestruturação, bem como as relações estabelecidas entre os agentes sociais participantes do processo histórico e cotidiano de transformação de tais áreas. Como estudo de caso, utiliza-se o IV Distrito de Porto Alegre/RS, o primeiro distrito industrial da cidade, que passou por períodos de ascensão e obsolescência, e, atualmente, é palco de um processo de reestruturação que procura restabelecer o território através de práticas de reconversão econômica, reestruturação socioeconômica e reformulação de atividades econômicas locais. A existência de uma diversa e contrastante quantidade de agentes sociais envolvidos com o IV Distrito coloca em questão como esses agentes definem e organizam seus territórios no setor através de suas práticas espaciais. Considerando a influência tanto de ações públicas como privadas, é possível pressupor a reprodução de uma tendência de apropriação do território voltada às práticas dominantes e de mercantilização do espaço. Desta forma, a pesquisa objetiva analisar as territorialidades presentes no IV Distrito, através das práticas espaciais desses agentes entre 2010-2020, visando compreender como se relacionam e se espacializam. Para tanto, é utilizada a metodologia qualitativa de caráter exploratório e descritivo; buscando criar familiaridade com a problemática apresentada e descrevendo fatos e fenômenos com base em dados coletados através de trabalho de campo, além de pesquisa documental e bibliográfica. Conclui-se que a diversidade de agentes e suas formas de territorializar o espaço, através de escalas e arranjos distintos, constitui inúmeras possibilidades de territorialidade.The present research has as its main object of investigation the territorialization of urban sectors undergoing restructuring, as well as the relationships established between social agents participating in the historical and everyday process of transformation of such areas. The IV District of Porto Alegre/RS is used as a case study, the first industrial district of the city, which has gone through a period of ascension and obsolescence and, currently, is the stage of a restructuring process that seeks to reestablish the territory via practices of economic conversion, socio-economic restructuring, and reformulation of local economic activities. The existence of a diverse and contrasting amount of social agents involved with the IV District calls into question how these agents define and organize their territories in the sector through their spatial practices. Considering the influence of both public and private actions, it is possible to assume the reproduction of a tendency of territory appropriation aimed at dominant and commodification practices of the space. Thus, the research aims to analyze the territoriality present in the 4th District, through the spatial practices of these agents, between 2010-2020, in order to understand how these agents relate and spatialize. Therefore, the research follows an exploratory and descriptive qualitative methodology, seeking to build familiarity with the presented issue and describing facts and phenomena based on data collected through fieldwork, and documentary and bibliographical research. We conclude the diversity of agents and their distinct ways of territorializing the space, via different scales and arrangements, constitutes numerous possibilities of territoriality

Práticas de Cuidado em Saúde Mental de Mulheres por Agentes Comunitárias de Saúde de um Centro Saúde Escola do Município do Rio de Janeiro

The present work sought to investigate the set of mental health care practices established by the Community Health Agents with the population of women in a Primary Care service in downtown Rio de Janeiro/RJ. Most of the time, these workers are the best-known care reference and they represent access to the service for the population. Therefore, their views, perspectives and comprehension of care practices are essential. Specifically, the work aimed to identify the repertoire of listed practices, the understanding and articulation of the demands with the service. The methodology adopted is qualitative research, with an exploratory nature, with data processing based on Bardin's Content Analysis. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews sharing the work experience of Community Agents in the scenario of Centro de Saúde Escola São Francisco de Assis. The research reveals knowledge and care specifics to the practice of ACS, configuring this work as an ally in the construction of health care carried out in an integral and humanized way. This study meets the ethical aspects in accordance with Resolution 466/12, aiming to guarantee the rights and duties of those involved.RESUMO O presente trabalho investigou o conjunto de práticas de cuidado em saúde mental estabelecidas pelas Agentes Comunitárias de Saúde (ACS) com a população de mulheres em um serviço de Atenção Básica no centro do Rio de Janeiro/RJ no ano de 2021. Entendendo essas trabalhadoras como pivôs na articulação entre território e serviço, analisar as práticas e ferramentas que se dispõem no trabalho mostra-se essencial para efetivação da produção de saúde integral e humanizada. Especificamente, o trabalho se propôs a identificar o repertório de práticas elencadas, o entendimento e a articulação dessas demandas com o serviço. A metodologia adotada é de pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter exploratório com o tratamento de dados feito a partir da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. O levantamento de dados foi feito a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas compartilhando a experiência de trabalho das oito Agentes Comunitárias no cenário do Centro de Saúde Escola São Francisco de Assis. A experiência de pesquisa revelou saberes e cuidados próprios da prática das ACS, configurando esse trabalho como aliado na construção da atenção à saúde feita de modo integral e humanizado. Destaca-se a relevância do uso de tecnologias leves de saúde, da coletivização e compartilhamento do cuidado em equipe e compreensão de dinâmicas sociais e afetivas do território. Esse estudo atende aos aspectos éticos de acordo com a Resolução 466/12, visando a garantia de direitos e deveres dos envolvidos.

TESTE RÁPIDO MOLECULAR PARA TUBERCULOSE: DA COLETA AO INÍCIO DO TRATAMENTO

Objetivo: determinar el tiempo transcurrido desde que se recolecta el material para la pruebamolecular rápida hasta que se inicia el tratamiento contra la tuberculosis en unidades queenviaron muestras para su procesamiento en Unidades Centralizadoras.Método: estudio epidemiológico y analítico desarrollado en dos Unidades Básicas de Saludde Belém-Pará. Se recolectaron datos referentes a 296 casos nuevos con confirmación delaboratorio, diagnosticados entre diciembre de 2014 y diciembre de 2015. En el análisisse utilizó la prueba U de Mann-Whitney, con un valor p≤ 0,05 para la correlación entre lasvariables.Resultados: no se registró ninguna diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el tiempo deemisión de los resultados de los exámenes entre las Unidades Centralizadoras y las Unidadesque enviaron exámenes para su procesamiento. En relación con el inicio del tratamiento, sí seregistró una diferencia de tiempos entre las Unidades Centralizadoras y las Unidades Básicas.Conclusión: centralizar el procesamiento de la Prueba Molecular para Detección Rápidade la Tuberculosis no interfiere en el tiempo de diagnóstico ni en el tratamiento, inclusoconsiderando el envío de muestras entre servicios.Objetivo: identificar o tempo decorrido entre a coleta do material para teste rápido molecular e o início do tratamento para tuberculose em unidades que encaminharam amostras para processamento em Unidades centralizadoras.Método: estudo epidemiológico analítico desenvolvido em duas Unidades Básicas de Saúde em Belém-Pará. Foram coletados dados referentes a 296 casos novos com confirmação laboratorial, diagnosticados de dezembro de 2014 a dezembro de 2015. Na análise, utilizou-se o Teste U de Mann-Whitney, p-valor ≤ 0,05 para a correlação entre as variáveis.Resultados: não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa no tempo de liberação dos resultados de exames em Unidades Centralizadoras e Unidades que encaminharam exames para processamento. Quanto ao início do tratamento, houve diferença no tempo entre as unidades centralizadoras e as de abrangência.Conclusão: a centralização do processamento do Teste Rápido Molecular não interfere no tempo para diagnóstico e tratamento da tuberculose, mesmo com o encaminhamento das amostras entre os serviços.Objective: To identify the time elapsed between the collection of material for rapid moleculartesting and the start of treatment for tuberculosis in units that forwarded samples forprocessing in centralizing units.Method: An analytical epidemiological study carried out in two Basic Health Units in Belém-Pará. Data was collected referring to 296 new laboratory confirmed cases diagnosed fromDecember 2014 to December 2015. In the analysis, the Mann-Whitney’s U test, p-value ≤0.05, was used for the correlation between variables.Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the time of release of the test resultsin the Centralizing Units and the Units that sent exams for processing. As for the start oftreatment, there was a difference in time between the centralizing units and the coverageunits.Conclusion: The centralization of the processing of the Rapid Molecular Test does not interferewith the time for diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis, even with the forwarding of samplesbetween services

Novel molecularly imprinted impedimetric biosensor based on polypyrrole and decorated graphene oxide for the routine monitoring of Lysozyme

In this work, a novel molecularly imprinted polymer based on polypyrrole (PPy) and decorated graphene oxide (GO@Fe3O4) was developed for the sensitive detection of lysozyme (LYS). The synthesized material (MIPPy/GO@Fe3O4) was electrodeposited with LYS as a template on gold microelectrodes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to confirm the adequate preparation of GO@Fe3O4, and the characterization of the resulting microsensors was carried out with the following analytical techniques: electrochemical impedance spectrometry (EIS), FT-IR analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An equivalent circuit was suggested to quantitatively analyse each component of the sensor system. EIS was also used for the determination of LYS in a wide linear range from 1 to 1 105 pg/mL, presenting good precision (RSD ≈ 10%, n = 5) and low limits of detection and quantification (LOD = 0.009 pg/mL and LOQ = 0.9 pg/mL, respectively). Meanwhile, the microsensor showed a high sensitivity, a good selectivity and reproducibility. The construction process was relatively simple, and provided a rapid and economical method for the routine monitoring of LYS. The microsensor was successfully applied for the detection of this protein in fresh chicken-egg white sample and commercial drug.Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Beca FPU18/05371 Proyecto de la Junta de Andalucía UMA18FEDERJA06

Exploring Beyond the Obvious: Social Skills Needed for Agricultural Communication Baccalaureate Graduates

This national study sought to expand on current research to identify the importance of and graduates’ ability to perform selected social skills to aid in curricula evaluation and small program development. Using three evaluation groups – agricultural communication graduates, communication industry professionals, and agricultural communication faculty members – 193 individuals responded to the online survey. The most important social skills were those associated with having work values and transitioning into an organization to be a productive member in the workplace. Graduates placed a higher importance on social skills than the other two evaluation groups. All three evaluation groups showed some agreement on graduates’ highest ability to perform several social skills: The ability to be trustworthy, trained, reliable, professional, dedicated, and behave ethically were assigned the highest mean ability. A significant difference was found with the ability graduates afforded themselves in having common sense, being professional, and encompassing maturity versus the other two evaluation groups. Recommendations included incorporating and identifying social skills into instruction for students. Group work, presentations, internships, and student organizations were proposed as opportunities for social skill attainment. Agricultural leadership principles, oral communication, and professional development courses were recommended for new and developing agricultural communication programs that could serve to incorporate the most important social skills. Faculty members could benefit from research that can identify more effective measures to evaluate social skill attainment. Recommendations for future research included a similar assessment with technical skills and for other elements of the Agricultural Communication Program System Model to be assessed

Bioelectronic microfluidic wound healing: a platform for investigating direct current stimulation of injured cell collectives

Upon cutaneous injury, the human body naturally forms an electric field (EF) that acts as a guidance cue for relevant cellular and tissue repair and reorganization. However, the direct current (DC) flow imparted by this EF can be impacted by a variety of diseases. This work delves into the impact of DC stimulation on both healthy and diabetic in vitro wound healing models of human keratinocytes, the most prevalent cell type of the skin. The culmination of non-metal electrode materials and prudent microfluidic design allowed us to create a compact bioelectronic platform to study the effects of different sustained (12 hours galvanostatic DC) EF configurations on wound closure dynamics. Specifically, we compared if electrotactically closing a wound\u27s gap from one wound edge (i.e., uni-directional EF) is as effective as compared to alternatingly polarizing both the wound\u27s edges (i.e., pseudo-converging EF) as both of these spatial stimulation strategies are fundamental to the eventual translational electrode design and strategy. We found that uni-directional electric guidance cues were superior in group keratinocyte healing dynamics by enhancing the wound closure rate nearly three-fold for both healthy and diabetic-like keratinocyte collectives, compared to their non-stimulated respective controls. The motility-inhibited and diabetic-like keratinocytes regained wound closure rates with uni-directional electrical stimulation (increase from 1.0 to 2.8% h−1) comparable to their healthy non-stimulated keratinocyte counterparts (3.5% h−1). Our results bring hope that electrical stimulation delivered in a controlled manner can be a viable pathway to accelerate wound repair, and also by providing a baseline for other researchers trying to find an optimal electrode blueprint for in vivo DC stimulation

Technically Speaking: Technical Skills Needed for Agricultural Communication Baccalaureate Graduates

Technically Speaking: Technical Skills Needed for Agricultural Communication Baccalaureate Graduates Abstract The purpose of this national study was to assess the perceived importance of 57 technical skills identified in previous literature, and to determine entry-level, agricultural communication graduates’ ability to perform those technical skills as perceived by agricultural communication graduates, communication industry professionals, and agricultural communication faculty members. Participants from the three evaluation groups (n = 193) identified three of the most important technical skills needed by agricultural communication graduates. These skills were communicating in written form, concise and clear writing, and communicating verbally. Graduates placed a higher importance on technical skills than the other two evaluation groups. All three evaluation groups showed some agreement on graduates’ highest ability to perform several technical skills: ability to use technology, ability to use Microsoft Word, and ability to adapt to contemporary media. A significant difference was found between the evaluation groups for the ability graduates afforded themselves in telephone etiquette, ability to use Microsoft Word, reading skills, ability to use Instagram, ability to use graphic design software, and ability to use web design software, as compared to the other two evaluation groups. Recommendations included incorporating technical skills into instruction for undergraduate students. Content should be focused in technical-skill areas identified as being of high importance: communicate in written form; communicate verbally; write concisely and clearly; and use of proper punctuation, grammar, and spelling. Faculty members could benefit from research that identifies more effective measures to evaluate technical skills attainment

Hachimoji DNA and RNA: A genetic system with eight building blocks

Reported here are DNA and RNA-like systems built from eight (hachi-) nucleotide letters (-moji) that form four orthogonal pairs. This synthetic genetic biopolymer meets the structural requirements needed to support Darwinism, including a polyelectrolyte backbone, predictable thermodynamic stability, and stereoregular building blocks that fit a Schrödinger aperiodic crystal. Measured thermodynamic parameters predict the stability of hachimoji duplexes, allowing hachimoji DNA to double the information density of natural terran DNA. Three crystal structures show that the synthetic building blocks do not perturb the aperiodic crystal seen in the DNA double helix. Hachimoji DNA was then transcribed to give hachimoji RNA in the form of a functioning fluorescent hachimoji aptamer. These results expand the scope of molecular structures that might support life, including life throughout the cosmos

Clinical and cost effectiveness of endoscopic bipolar radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of malignant biliary obstruction: a systematic review

BACKGROUND: Early evidence suggests that using radiofrequency ablation as an adjunct to standard care (i.e. endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with stenting) may improve outcomes in patients with malignant biliary obstruction. OBJECTIVES: To assess the clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and potential risks of endoscopic bipolar radiofrequency ablation for malignant biliary obstruction, and the value of future research. DATA SOURCES: Seven bibliographic databases, three websites and seven trials registers were searched from 2008 until 21 January 2021. REVIEW METHODS: The study inclusion criteria were as follows: patients with biliary obstruction caused by any form of unresectable malignancy; the intervention was reported as an endoscopic biliary radiofrequency ablation to ablate malignant tissue that obstructs the bile or pancreatic ducts, either to fit a stent (primary radiofrequency ablation) or to clear an obstructed stent (secondary radiofrequency ablation); the primary outcomes were survival, quality of life or procedure-related adverse events; and the study design was a controlled study, an observational study or a case report. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane tools. The primary analysis was meta-analysis of the hazard ratio of mortality. Subgroup analyses were planned according to the type of probe, the type of stent (i.e. metal or plastic) and cancer type. A de novo Markov model was developed to model cost and quality-of-life outcomes associated with radiofrequency ablation in patients with primary advanced bile duct cancer. Insufficient data were available for pancreatic cancer and secondary bile duct cancer. An NHS and Personal Social Services perspective was adopted for the analysis. A probabilistic analysis was conducted to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for radiofrequency ablation and the probability that radiofrequency ablation was cost-effective at different thresholds. The population expected value of perfect information was estimated in total and for the effectiveness parameters. RESULTS: Sixty-eight studies (1742 patients) were included in the systematic review. Four studies (336 participants) were combined in a meta-analysis, which showed that the pooled hazard ratio for mortality following primary radiofrequency ablation compared with a stent-only control was 0.34 (95% confidence interval 0.21 to 0.55). Little evidence relating to the impact on quality of life was found. There was no evidence to suggest an increased risk of cholangitis or pancreatitis, but radiofrequency ablation may be associated with an increase in cholecystitis. The results of the cost-effectiveness analysis were that the costs of radiofrequency ablation was £2659 and radiofrequency ablation produced 0.18 quality-adjusted life-years, which was more than no radiofrequency ablation on average. With an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of £14,392 per quality-adjusted life-year, radiofrequency ablation was likely to be cost-effective at a threshold of £20,000 per quality-adjusted life-year across most scenario analyses, with moderate uncertainty. The source of the vast majority of decision uncertainty lay in the effect of radiofrequency ablation on stent patency. LIMITATIONS: Only 6 of 18 comparative studies contributed to the survival meta-analysis, and few data were found concerning secondary radiofrequency ablation. The economic model and cost-effectiveness meta-analysis required simplification because of data limitations. Inconsistencies in standard reporting and study design were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Primary radiofrequency ablation increases survival and is likely to be cost-effective. The evidence for the impact of secondary radiofrequency ablation on survival and of quality of life is limited. There was a lack of robust clinical effectiveness data and, therefore, more information is needed for this indication. FUTURE WORK:  Future work investigating radiofrequency ablation must collect quality-of-life data. Highquality randomised controlled trials in secondary radiofrequency ablation are needed, with appropriate outcomes recorded. STUDY REGISTRATION: This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42020170233. FUNDING:  This project was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 27, No. 7. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information

PREVALENCIA DE LA ENFERMEDAD DE CHAGAS ASOCIADA AL MODO DE INFECCIÓN

Objective: analyze the prevalence of acute Chagas disease and association with mode of infection. Method: descriptive, quantitative study conducted in the health region of Tocantins - Pará - Brazil, with 346 cases of acute Chagas disease. The data were obtained in September 2017 and correspond to 2012-2016, from the Information system for health notification diseases. They were analyzed by Pearson’s chi-square (χ²), p≤0.05, in Excel® 2013.Results: greater involvement of males (56.93%) and rural residents (56.35%). In urban areas, 110 (94%) contracted the disease orally and seven (6%) by vectorial route. In rural areas, 137 (84%) were infected orally and 26 (16%) vectorialy (p=0.010).Conclusions: the control of the disease demands specific public policies aligned to locoregional specificities. Acute Chagas disease was shown to be prevalent with an association between oral infection and urban area residents.Objetivo: analizar la prevalencia de la enfermedad de Chagas aguda y su asociación con el modo de infección. Método: estudio descriptivo y cuantitativo realizado en la región sanitaria de Tocantins - Pará - Brasil, con 346 casos de enfermedad de Chagas aguda. Los datos se obtuvieron en septiembre de 2017 y corresponden al periodo 2012-2016, a partir del Sistema de Información de Agravios de Notificación. Se analizaron mediante el chi-cuadrado de Pearson (χ²), p≤0,05, en Excel® 2013. Resultados: mayor acometimiento del sexo masculino (56,93%) y moradores de la zona rural (56,35%). En las zonas urbanas, 110 (94%) contrajeron la enfermedad por vía oral y siete (6%) por vía vectorial. En la zona rural, 137 (84%) se infectaron por vía oral y 26 (16%) por vía vectorial (p=0,010). Conclusiones: el control de la enfermedad requiere políticas públicas específicas adaptadas a las especificidades loco-regionales. La enfermedad de Chagas aguda es más prevalente con la asociación entre la infección oral y los residentes de zonas urbanas.Objetivo: analisar a prevalência da doença de Chagas aguda e associação com o modo de infecção.Método: estudo descritivo, quantitativo realizado na região de saúde do Tocantins - Pará - Brasil, com 346 casos da doença de Chagas aguda. Os dados foram obtidos em setembro de 2017 e correspondem a 2012-2016, oriundos do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação.Foram analisados pelo Qui-quadrado de Pearson, p≤0,05, no Excel® 2013.Resultados: maior acometimento do sexo masculino (56,93%) e moradores da zona rural (56,35%). Na zona urbana, 110 (94%) contraíram a doença por via oral e sete (6%) por via vetorial. Na rural, 137 (84%) foram infectados por via oral e 26 (16%) por via vetorial (p=0,010).Conclusões: o controle da doença demanda políticas públicas específicas alinhadas às especificidades locorregionais. A doença de Chagas aguda mostrou-se prevalente com associação entre a infecção oral e residente de área urbana