Economic Satisfaction and Income Rank in Small Neighbourhoods

We contribute to the literature on well-being and comparisons by appealing to new Danish data dividing the country up into around 9,000 small neighbourhoods. Administrative data provides us with the income of every person in each of these neighbourhoods. This income information is matched to demographic and economic satisfaction variables from eight years of Danish ECHP data. Panel regression analysis shows that, conditional on own household income, respondents report higher satisfaction levels when their neighbours are richer. However, individuals are rank-sensitive: conditional on own income and neighbourhood median income, respondents are more satisfied as their percentile neighbourhood ranking improves. A ten percentage point rise in rank (i.e. from 40th to 20th position in a 200-household cell) is worth 0.11 on a one to six scale, which is a large marginal effect in satisfaction terms.income comparisons, neighbours, satisfaction, geo-coded data

Residual entanglement of accelerated fermions is not nonlocal

We analyze the operational meaning of the residual entanglement in non-inertial fermionic systems in terms of the achievable violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality. We demonstrate that the quantum correlations of fermions, which were previously found to survive in the infinite acceleration limit, cannot be considered to be non-local. The entanglement shared by an inertial and an accelerated observer cannot be utilized for the violation of the CHSH inequality in case of high accelerations. Our results are shown to extend beyond the single mode approximation commonly used in the literature.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures; v2: minor changes, reference and section headers adde

Pathogen avoidance by insect predators

Insects can detect cues related to the risk of attack by their natural enemies. Pathogens are among the natural enemies of insects and entomopathogenic fungi attack a wide array of host species. Evidence documents that social insects in particular have adapted behavioural mechanisms to avoid infection by fungal pathogens. These mechanisms are referred to as 'behavioural resistance'. However, there is little evidence for similar adaptations in non-social insects. We have conducted experiments to assess the potential of common insect predators to detect and avoid their entomopathogenic fungal natural enemy Beauveria bassiana. The predatory bug Anthocoris nemorum was able to detect and avoid nettle leaves that were treated with B. bassiana. Females laid fewer eggs on leaf halves contaminated with the pathogen. Similarly, females were very reluctant to contact nettle leaves contaminated with the fungus compared to uncontaminated control leaves in ‘no-choice’ experiments. Adult seven spot ladybirds, Coccinella septempunctata, overwinter in the litter layer often in groups. Adult C. septempunctata modified their overwintering behaviour in relation to the presence of B. bassiana conidia in soil and sporulating conspecifics by moving away from sources of infection. Furthermore active (non-overwintering) adult C. septempunctata were also able to detect and avoid B. bassiana conidia on different substrates; bean leaves, soil and sporulating on dead conspecifics. Our studies show that insect predators have evolved mechanisms to detect and avoid pathogens that they are susceptible to. Fungal pathogens may be significant mortality factors among populations of insect predators, especially long-lived species that must diapause before reproduction. Likewise, actively foraging species are more likely to come in contact with pathogens than predators that sit and wait for prey. These particular groups of insects will benefit from adaptations to avoid pathogens

Islamic Law and the International Protection of Women\u27s Rights:

Part I of this article develops Nigeria\u27s history of political unrest and deeply divided Muslim and Christian population resulting in the recent emergence of religious governance by Shari\u27a Law. Part II describes current international law as well as Nigeria\u27s international commitments under three specific treaties. The three treaties discussed are the Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women ( CEDA W ), the Optional Protocol to CEDA W ( The Protocol ), and the Convention Against Torture, and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment ( CAT ). Part III details how Shari\u27a Law conflicts with Nigeria\u27s commitments under the treaties and what enforcement mechanisms have failed to allow for such insubordination. Finally, Part IV of this article sets forth proposals for the future of international law. These proposals include how the international community can alter treaties and the treaty reservation process to better effectuate the goals they set forth. These suggestions will be applied to Amina Lawal to demonstrate how such changes could have saved her from her sentenced execution

Best Management Practices for Corn Production in South Dakota: Corn Drying and Storage

The goal for a corn drying and storage system is to maintain grain quality without impeding harvesting or shipping. This chapter describes the factors that influence grain quality, proper handling techniques, drying procedures, storage management, and safety precautions

Two-loop finiteness of D=2 supergravity

We establish two-loop (on shell) finiteness of certain supergravity theories in two dimensions. Possible implications of this result are discussedComment: 11 page

Fixing Nonconvergence of Algebraic Iterative Reconstruction with an Unmatched Backprojector

We consider algebraic iterative reconstruction methods with applications in image reconstruction. In particular, we are concerned with methods based on an unmatched projector/backprojector pair; i.e., the backprojector is not the exact adjoint or transpose of the forward projector. Such situations are common in large-scale computed tomography, and we consider the common situation where the method does not converge due to the nonsymmetry of the iteration matrix. We propose a modified algorithm that incorporates a small shift parameter, and we give the conditions that guarantee convergence of this method to a fixed point of a slightly perturbed problem. We also give perturbation bounds for this fixed point. Moreover, we discuss how to use Krylov subspace methods to efficiently estimate the leftmost eigenvalue of a certain matrix to select a proper shift parameter. The modified algorithm is illustrated with test problems from computed tomography

Two Color Entanglement

We report on the generation of entangled states of light between the wavelengths 810 and 1550 nm in the continuous variable regime. The fields were produced by type I optical parametric oscillation in a standing-wave cavity build around a periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate crystal, operated above threshold. Balanced homodyne detection was used to detect the non-classical noise properties, while filter cavities provided the local oscillators by separating carrier fields from the entangled sidebands. We were able to obtain an inseparability of I=0.82, corresponding to about -0.86 dB of non-classical quadrature correlation.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Singleton representations of Osp(N,4)

We demonstrate the existence of singleton supermultiplets in Osp(N,4) for all N. These represent extreme cases of multiplet shortening because they contain only particles of spin s = 0 and Image. We also discuss some of their field theoretic aspects