Considerações sobre a evolução do Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação e o ordenamento territorial da Amazônia: interações entre o Estado e a Ciência

This paper aims to present considerations on the evolution of Conservation Units amid the territorial planning of the Amazon and to understand this process proposes five periods. The Brazilian Amazon iscurrently the region with the largest concentration of protected areas in the country. It is also the region that has received, since 2000, the most incentives for such practices in the world. This paper additionally discusses the reshaping of the social function of these protected areas in relation to national and international interests mediated by the relationships established between the State and Science

Considerations on the Evolution of the National System of Protected Areas and the Territorial Planning of the Amazon: Interactions between the State and Science

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de traçar considerações sobre a evolução das Unidades de Conservaçãoem meio ao ordenamento territorial da Amazônia e, para compreender esse processo, propõecinco períodos. Atualmente, a Amazônia brasileira é a região que detém a maior concentração de áreasprotegidas no Brasil. É também a região que mais recebeu incentivos para tal prática no mundo a partirdo ano 2000. Então, o presente artigo discute a conformação da função social dessas áreas protegidasem relação aos interesses locais, nacionais e internacionais mediados pelas relações estabelecidas entre o Estado e a Ciência.This paper aims to present considerations on the evolution of Conservation Units amid the territorialplanning of the Amazon and to understand this process proposes five periods. The Brazilian Amazon iscurrently the region with the largest concentration of protected areas in the country. It is also the regionthat has received, since 2000, the most incentives for such practices in the world. This paper additionallydiscusses the reshaping of the social function of these protected areas in relation to national and internationalinterests mediated by the relationships established between the State and Science

Histórico da ciência na região norte do Brasil: a ciência em ação na amazônia brasileira

The aim of this paper is to analyze the historical development of the science in the northern region of Brazil through four historical periods that extend from colonization until the late twentieth century. The periods proposed were structured with the references of the Sociology of Science and the Critical Geography. The facts gathered in this article demonstrate how scientific knowledge is socially constructed in the northern region of Brazil and that both the geographical and historical context of this process are inseparable.O presente artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento histórico da ciência na região norte do Brasil. Esse processo é apresentado em quatro períodos, que se estendem desde a colonização até o final do século XX. A periodização foi proposta à luz dos referenciais da Sociologia da Ciência e da Geografia, demonstrando que o contexto histórico e o geográfico são indissociáveis no processo de construção social da ciência

Fructan and its relationship to abiotic stress tolerance in plants

Numerous studies have been published that attempted to correlate fructan concentrations with freezing and drought tolerance. Studies investigating the effect of fructan on liposomes indicated that a direct interaction between membranes and fructan was possible. This new area of research began to move fructan and its association with stress beyond mere correlation by confirming that fructan has the capacity to stabilize membranes during drying by inserting at least part of the polysaccharide into the lipid headgroup region of the membrane. This helps prevent leakage when water is removed from the system either during freezing or drought. When plants were transformed with the ability to synthesize fructan, a concomitant increase in drought and/or freezing tolerance was confirmed. These experiments indicate that besides an indirect effect of supplying tissues with hexose sugars, fructan has a direct protective effect that can be demonstrated by both model systems and genetic transformation

Large-scale analyses of common and rare variants identify 12 new loci associated with atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation affects more than 33 million people worldwide and increases the risk of stroke, heart failure, and death. Fourteen genetic loci have been associated with atrial fibrillation in European and Asian ancestry groups. To further define the genetic basis of atrial fibrillation, we performed large-scale, trans-ancestry meta-analyses of common and rare variant association studies. The genome-wide association studies (GWAS) included 17,931 individuals with atrial fibrillation and 115,142 referents; the exome-wide association studies (ExWAS) and rare variant association studies (RVAS) involved 22,346 cases and 132,086 referents. We identified 12 new genetic loci that exceeded genome-wide significance, implicating genes involved in cardiac electrical and structural remodeling. Our results nearly double the number of known genetic loci for atrial fibrillation, provide insights into the molecular basis of atrial fibrillation, and may facilitate the identification of new potential targets for drug discovery

Multi-ethnic genome-wide association study for atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) affects more than 33 million individuals worldwide and has a complex heritability. We conducted the largest meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for AF to date, consisting of more than half a million individuals, including 65,446 with AF. In total, we identified 97 loci significantly associated with AF, including 67 that were novel in a combined-ancestry analysis, and 3 that were novel in a European-specific analysis. We sought to identify AF-associated genes at the GWAS loci by performing RNA-sequencing and expression quantitative trait locus analyses in 101 left atrial samples, the most relevant tissue for AF. We also performed transcriptome-wide analyses that identified 57 AF-associated genes, 42 of which overlap with GWAS loci. The identified loci implicate genes enriched within cardiac developmental, electrophysiological, contractile and structural pathways. These results extend our understanding of the biological pathways underlying AF and may facilitate the development of therapeutics for AF

Atrial fibrillation genetic risk differentiates cardioembolic stroke from other stroke subtypes

AbstractObjectiveWe sought to assess whether genetic risk factors for atrial fibrillation can explain cardioembolic stroke risk.MethodsWe evaluated genetic correlations between a prior genetic study of AF and AF in the presence of cardioembolic stroke using genome-wide genotypes from the Stroke Genetics Network (N = 3,190 AF cases, 3,000 cardioembolic stroke cases, and 28,026 referents). We tested whether a previously-validated AF polygenic risk score (PRS) associated with cardioembolic and other stroke subtypes after accounting for AF clinical risk factors.ResultsWe observed strong correlation between previously reported genetic risk for AF, AF in the presence of stroke, and cardioembolic stroke (Pearson’s r=0.77 and 0.76, respectively, across SNPs with p &lt; 4.4 × 10−4 in the prior AF meta-analysis). An AF PRS, adjusted for clinical AF risk factors, was associated with cardioembolic stroke (odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation (sd) = 1.40, p = 1.45×10−48), explaining ∼20% of the heritable component of cardioembolic stroke risk. The AF PRS was also associated with stroke of undetermined cause (OR per sd = 1.07, p = 0.004), but no other primary stroke subtypes (all p &gt; 0.1).ConclusionsGenetic risk for AF is associated with cardioembolic stroke, independent of clinical risk factors. Studies are warranted to determine whether AF genetic risk can serve as a biomarker for strokes caused by AF.</jats:sec

A experiência do CTPETRO Edital 03/2000 e a política científica e tecnológica no setor Petróleo e Gás Natural brasileiro

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