47 research outputs found

    Principais conceitos da estatĂ­stica descritiva: uma abordagem diferenciada / Main concepts of descriptive statistics: a differentiated approach

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    Este trabalho tem como objetivo fomentar novas possibilidades na abordagem dos conteĂșdos de EstatĂ­stica e as medidas de tendĂȘncias centrais: mĂ©dia, moda e mediana, em turmas de nono ano do ensino fundamental, sĂ©rie que antecede o ensino mĂ©dio. Na tentativa de fundamentar os conteĂșdos e situar nossos alunos quanto ao que se estĂĄ aprendendo, procurou-se efetuar algumas abordagens histĂłricas para que em seguida se pudesse introduzir os conceitos como hoje conhecemos e aprendemos, sempre com muito cuidado quanto a linguagem utilizada. Posteriormente, foram aplicados aos alunos exercĂ­cios para fixação e compreensĂŁo dos conteĂșdos exigidos para que entĂŁo pudessem aplicar de forma prĂĄtica exibindo o nĂ­vel de abstração atingido. Como resultado, em um ambiente descontraĂ­do, foi possĂ­vel perceber maior interatividade dos alunos quanto a perguntas sobre o tema, quanto a manuseio com definiçÔes, significados e cĂĄlculos considerados, muitas vezes, desagradĂĄveis e ainda associaçÔes com a vida cotidiana.

    AÇÕES EXTENSIONISTAS DO IFSP SÃO ROQUE NO ENFRENTAMENTO AOS EFEITOS DA COVID-19

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    Resumo: O ano de 2020 estĂĄ sendo marcado por uma transformação nos hĂĄbitos de convĂ­vio social devido Ă  COVID-19. Por causa da sua alta transmissibilidade, em pouco tempo, essa enfermidade recebeu o status de pandemia, trazendo preocupação e mudanças de hĂĄbitos no mundo todo. Por se tratar de uma doença ainda sem tratamento e vacina eficazes - que pode evoluir para casos graves e levar ao Ăłbito - medidas de emergĂȘncia, como o distanciamento social, foram tomadas com o objetivo de controlar a propagação do vĂ­rus, o que fez com que instituiçÔes de ensino e serviços presenciais nĂŁo essenciais fossem interrompidos e, assim, a população ficasse sem contato pessoal direto, como era de costume. Essas mudanças vieram de forma abrupta, trazendo as mais diversas consequĂȘncias e uma nova rotina que pode provocar medos, angĂșstias, ansiedade, entre outros. Partindo dessa nova realidade, o presente trabalho, de ação extensionista, teve como objetivo auxiliar a comunidade externa e interna do Instituto Federal de SĂŁo Paulo, campus SĂŁo Roque, levando informaçÔes de forma segura Ă  população sobre o vĂ­rus e buscando minimizar algumas consequĂȘncias que vieram com a pandemia, atravĂ©s de lives, publicaçÔes em redes sociais e outras açÔes, abordando temas recorrentes, como: controle da ansiedade, prevenção ao suicĂ­dio, necessidade da manutenção das medidas preventivas da Covid-19 e importĂąncia da prĂĄtica de esportes durante o isolamento. As açÔes tiveram as redes sociais como base de realização e divulgação, obtendo, assim, um alcance significativo jĂĄ que possibilitou o acesso irrestrito Ă s informaçÔes e favoreceu sua propagação

    Mortalidade atribuível às doenças cardiovasculares em adultos jovens residentes no Brasil

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    Introduction: cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death in the world. Despite the reduction in CVD incidence and mortality in the 20th century, the values remain high in the 21st century. In Brazil, there is a gap in population studies that estimated standardized mortality rates from cardiovascular diseases in young adults. Objective: to assess the trend in mortality from cardiovascular diseases in young adults, according to sex, age group and regions of Brazil. Methods: ecological time series study using official secondary data from Mortality Information Systems (SIM). All deaths from cardiovascular diseases (I00-I-99) in young adults aged 20-49 years, residing in Brazil, in the period from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2017, were considered. Data were extracted from the Department of Informatics of the SUS (DATASUS). The Prais-Winsten regression model was used and the Annual Percentage Variation (APV) was calculated. All analyzes were performed in STATA 14.0 software. Results: during the period 2008-2017, 294,232 deaths (8.7%) from cardiovascular disease were identified in young adults aged 20-49 years. A reduction in CVD mortality was identified in all regions of Brazil, except for individuals aged 20-24 years, residing in the Northeast region, which showed an increase (APC: 2.45%) (p<0.05) 2013 -2017. The greatest variation in the mortality trend occurred in the South region (APC: -25.2%). While the smallest change in mortality trend occurred in the Northeast region (APC: -8.8%). The annual decline was smaller in the second quinquennium (2013-2017) compared to the first (2008-2012). Furthermore, the decline was more pronounced among women (APC: -2.51%) (p<0.05) 2008-2012 and in young adults aged 40-44 years (APC: -2.91%) (p<0.05) 2008-2012. Furthermore, the trend in CVD mortality stabilized from 2013 onwards in males (p>0.05). Conclusion: the results demonstrate a decreasing trend in mortality from Cardiovascular Disease in young adults in Brazil, between 2008-2017. It is concluded that there is inequality in the trend of mortality from CVD according to sex, age group and regions of Brazil.Introdução: doenças Cardiovasculares sĂŁo as principais causas de morte no mundo. Apesar da redução da incidĂȘncia e mortalidade por DCV no sĂ©culo XX, os valores permanecem elevados no sĂ©culo XXI. No Brasil, hĂĄ lacuna de estudos populacionais que estimaram as taxas padronizadas de mortalidade por doenças cardiovasculares em adultos jovens. Objetivo: avaliar a tendĂȘncia da mortalidade por doenças cardiovasculares em adultos jovens, segundo sexo, faixa etĂĄria e regiĂ”es do Brasil. MĂ©todo: estudo de sĂ©ries temporais com uso de dados secundĂĄrios oficiais dos Sistemas de InformaçÔes sobre Mortalidade (SIM). Foram consideradas todas as mortes por doenças cardiovasculares (I00-I-99) em adultos jovens faixa etĂĄria 20-49 anos, residentes no Brasil, no perĂ­odo de 01 de janeiro de 2008 a 31 de dezembro de 2017. Os dados foram extraĂ­dos do Departamento de InformĂĄtica do SUS (DATASUS). Foi utilizado o modelo de regressĂŁo Prais-Winsten e calculada a Variação Percentual Anual (VPA). Todas as anĂĄlises foram realizadas no software STATA 14.0. Resultados: durante perĂ­odo 2008-2017, foram identificadas 294.232 mortes (8,7%) por doença cardiovascular em adultos jovens com idade entre 20-49 anos. Identificou-se a redução da mortalidade por DCV em todas as regiĂ”es do Brasil, exceto nos indivĂ­duos de 20-24 anos, residentes na regiĂŁo Nordeste, a qual apresentou aumento (VPA: 2,45%) (p<0,05) 2013-2017. A maior variação da tendĂȘncia de mortalidade ocorreu na regiĂŁo Sul (VPA: -25,2%). Enquanto a menor variação de tendĂȘncia da mortalidade ocorreu na regiĂŁo Nordeste (VPA: -8,8%). O declĂ­nio anual foi menor no segundo quinquĂȘnio (2013-2017) em comparação ao primeiro (2008-2012). AlĂ©m disso, o declĂ­nio foi mais acentuado entre as mulheres (VPA: -2,51%) (p<0,05) 2008-2012 e em adultos jovens com idade entre 40-44 anos (VPA: -2,91%) (p<0,05) 2008-2012. Ademais, a tendĂȘncia de mortalidade por DCV se estabilizou a partir de 2013 no sexo masculino (p>0,05). ConclusĂŁo: os resultados demonstram tendĂȘncia decrescente da mortalidade por Doença Cardiovascular em adultos jovens no Brasil, entre 2008-2017. Conclui-se que existe desigualdade na tendĂȘncia de mortalidade por DCV segundo sexo, faixa etĂĄria e regiĂ”es do Brasil

    Panorama das IntervençÔes Coronårias Percutùneas em OclusÔes Totais CrÎnicas em Centros Participantes do LATAM CTO Registry no Brasil

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    Background: Major advances have been seen in techniques and devices for performing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) for chronic total occlusions (CTOs), but there are limited real-world practice data from developing countries. Objectives: To report clinical and angiographic characteristics, procedural aspects, and clinical outcomes of CTO PCI performed at dedicated centers in Brazil. Methods: Included patients underwent CTO PCI at centers participating in the LATAM CTO Registry, a Latin American multicenter registry dedicated to prospective collection of these data. Inclusion criteria were procedures performed in Brazil, age 18 years or over, and presence of CTO with PCI attempt. CTO was defined as a 100% lesion in an epicardial coronary artery, known or estimated to have lasted at least 3 months. Results: Data on 1196 CTO PCIs were included. Procedures were performed primarily for angina control (85%) and/or treatment of moderate/severe ischemia (24%). Technical success rate was 84%, being achieved with antegrade wire approaches in 81% of procedures, antegrade dissection and re-entry in 9%, and retrograde approaches in 10%. In-hospital adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 2.3% of cases, with a mortality rate of 0.75%. Conclusions: CTOs can be treated effectively in Brazil by using PCI, with low complication rates. The scientific and technological development observed in this area in the past decade is reflected in the clinical practice of dedicated Brazilian centersinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Sementes de LĂĄgrima-de-Nossa-Senhora submetidas a diferentes tratamentos para superação de dormĂȘncia / Tear-of-Our-Lady seeds submitted to different treatments to overcome dormancy

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    As informaçÔes disponĂ­veis sobre as condiçÔes que favorecem o desempenho germinativo das sementes de LĂĄgrima-de-Nossa-Senhora ainda sĂŁo insuficientes. Assim, o objetivo foi avaliar a germinação de sementes de Coix lacryma-jobi sob diferentes tratamentos para a superação da dormĂȘncia. Para isso, o trabalho foi dividido em trĂȘs Ensaios. O Primeiro Ensaio, com os seguintes tratamentos: (i). imersĂŁo em solução com 300ml de ĂĄcido sulfĂșrico durante 25 minutos; (ii). imersĂŁo em ĂĄgua fervente por 10 minutos; (iii). excesso de ĂĄgua (50 ml, uma vez por semana) e; (iv). tratamento controle (ĂĄgua suficiente para umedecer as sementes e o papel). O Segundo Ensaio com os seguintes tratamentos: (i). controle (fornecimento normal de ĂĄgua); (ii). baixas temperaturas (sementes na geladeira durante uma semana); (iii). imersĂŁo em ĂĄgua por 12 horas; (iv); lixa + embebição; (v). embebição + lixamento; (vi). corte na horizontal com tesoura de poda + embebição; (vii). embebição + corte na horizontal com tesoura de poda.  O Terceiro Ensaio, com diferentes concentraçÔes de ĂĄcido giberĂ©lico (GA): (i). 0 mg de GA (somente imersĂŁo ĂĄgua); (ii). 10 mg de GA; (iii). 20 mg de GA; e (iv) 50 mg GA, diluĂ­do em 500 ml de ĂĄgua destilada. Para o Primeiro Ensaio, a melhor porcentagem foi no controle e no Segundo Ensaio foi lixamento + embebição apresentou melhor resposta, seguido do corte + embebição; e embebição + lixamento. A aplicação do ĂĄcido giberĂ©lico foi mais eficaz na concentração de 50 mg. Dos trĂȘs Ensaios, o melhor foi com aplicação de ĂĄcido giberĂ©lico. Dessa forma, mais estudos devem ser realizados para verificar outras formas de superação da dormĂȘncia dessa semente

    Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

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    Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

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    Global disparities in surgeons’ workloads, academic engagement and rest periods: the on-calL shIft fOr geNEral SurgeonS (LIONESS) study

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    : The workload of general surgeons is multifaceted, encompassing not only surgical procedures but also a myriad of other responsibilities. From April to May 2023, we conducted a CHERRIES-compliant internet-based survey analyzing clinical practice, academic engagement, and post-on-call rest. The questionnaire featured six sections with 35 questions. Statistical analysis used Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression (SPSSŸ v. 28). The survey received a total of 1.046 responses (65.4%). Over 78.0% of responders came from Europe, 65.1% came from a general surgery unit; 92.8% of European and 87.5% of North American respondents were involved in research, compared to 71.7% in Africa. Europe led in publishing research studies (6.6 ± 8.6 yearly). Teaching involvement was high in North America (100%) and Africa (91.7%). Surgeons reported an average of 6.7 ± 4.9 on-call shifts per month, with European and North American surgeons experiencing 6.5 ± 4.9 and 7.8 ± 4.1 on-calls monthly, respectively. African surgeons had the highest on-call frequency (8.7 ± 6.1). Post-on-call, only 35.1% of respondents received a day off. Europeans were most likely (40%) to have a day off, while African surgeons were least likely (6.7%). On the adjusted multivariable analysis HDI (Human Development Index) (aOR 1.993) hospital capacity > 400 beds (aOR 2.423), working in a specialty surgery unit (aOR 2.087), and making the on-call in-house (aOR 5.446), significantly predicted the likelihood of having a day off after an on-call shift. Our study revealed critical insights into the disparities in workload, access to research, and professional opportunities for surgeons across different continents, underscored by the HDI

    Updated cardiovascular prevention guideline of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology: 2019

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    Sem informação113478788

    ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

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    Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ
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