Changes in the EMG temporal pattern of pre and post-landing of ankle and foot muscles in volleyball players with functional instability

INTRODUÇÃO: A instabilidade funcional (IF) é a complicação mais comum após o entorse de tornozelo; acomete até 52% dos atletas com história de entorse. O entorse de tornozelo é uma das lesões esportivas mais comuns, inclusive no voleibol, em que 90% dos entorses de tornozelo ocorrem durante a aterrissagem, após o movimento de bloqueio. A IF é definida por queixas de falseios e entorses recorrentes, sem que haja evidências clínicas de lesão ligamentar, sendo extremamente prejudicial para a prática do voleibol, pois interfere na realização dos fundamentos envolvidos na modalidade. OBJETIVOS: Comparar os padrões temporais e de magnitude da atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos tibial anterior (TA), fibular longo (FL) e gastrocnêmio lateral (GL) durante a aterrissagem do salto vertical após a execução da habilidade do bloqueio do voleibol entre jogadores com e sem IF de tornozelo. MÉTODOS: Foi adquirida a atividade EMG do tibial anterior, do fibular longo e do gastrocnêmio lateral em 21 atletas com IF (GI) e em 19 atletas controle (GC) - idade média de 20 ± 4 anos. Os envoltórios lineares foram calculados para cada um dos grupos no período de tempo entre 200ms antes e 200ms após o instante do impacto, determinados por meio da componente vertical da FRS. A magnitude e o instante do pico máximo de cada um dos músculos também foram determinados matematicamente. Os grupos foram comparados por meio do teste t (&#945; = 0,05). RESULTADOS: O grupo com instabilidade apresentou instante de pico do TA mais tardio ± (GC = -107,4 ± 29,6ms; GI = -134,0 ± 26,0ms) e FL (GC = -11,0 ± 55,9ms; GI = -41,7 ± 49,8ms) e menor pico de TA (GC = 68,5 ± 17,2%; GI = 81,2 ± 28,8%) e FL (GC = 72,9 ± 27,3%; GI = 59,1 ± 16,0%), CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados mostram um padrão de alteração mais tardio e com menor magnitude nos músculos de atletas com IF que podem predispô-los à condição de instabilidade, mesmo na ausência de lesão anatômica.INTRODUCTION: The ankle sprain is one of the most common injuries in athletes, including volleyball. 90% of ankle injuries in volleyball occur during landing after a blocking maneuver. The most common complication following ankle sprains is functional instability (FI), a condition that affect about 52% of the patients that suffered an ankle sprains . Functional ankle instability (FI) has been defined as a tendency for the foot to give way after an ankle sprain with no evidence of ligament injury. Hence, FI is an impairing condition for volleyball performance since it interferes in its basic skills. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to compare the EMG activation patterns of tibialis anterior (TA), peroneus longus (PL) and gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) in volleyball players with and without FI during landing after the blocking movement. METHODS: EMG activity was acquired for 21 subjects (mean age 20 ± 4 yrs) with FI (IG) and 19 control ones (CG). Linear envelopes were calculated for both groups for the time period between 200 ms before and 200 ms after the instant of impact, and time and magnitude of peak occurrence were extracted from the envelopes. Groups were compared using T test (&#945; < 0.05). RESULTS: IG subjects showed a later peak occurrence for TA (CG = -107.4 ± 29.6 ms; IG = -134.0 ± 26.0 ms) and PL (CG = -11.0 ± 55.9 ms; IG = -41.7 ± 49.8 ms) and a lower peak magnitude for TA (CG = 68.5 ± 17.2%; FIG = 81.2 ± 28.8%) and PL (CG = 72.9 ± 27.3%; FIG = 59.1 ± 16.0%). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that individuals with FI present a later and lower activation pattern of muscular activity and different activation magnitudes that predispose them to ankle sprains, even in the absence of an anatomical damage

Socioeconomic impact of waste over the lifetime of project LIFEPAYT

Project LIFE PAYT – Tool to reduce waste in South Europe (LIFE 15 ENV/PT/000609). Co-funded by the LIFE programme of the European CommissionN/

Socioeconomic baseline on waste for households in Aveiro, Portugal

Project LIFE PAYT – Tool to reduce waste in South Europe (LIFE 15 ENV/PT/000609) Co-funded by the LIFE programme of the European Commissioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Socioeconomic indicators to monitor the impacts of the transition to PAYT tariffs

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Association Study Between Natural Chronic Diseases Of Aging And Swallowing Changes Referred By Community Elderly

Investigar associação entre as alterações de deglutição autorreferidas com doenças crônicas naturais do envelhecimento, aspectos socioeconômicos, demográficos, nutricionais e de saúde bucal, em idosos da comunidade. Métodos Foi realizado um estudo de corte transversal, proveniente de um inquérito de saúde com 900 idosos de 65 anos ou mais, recrutados em domicílio, na zona urbana de Campinas, São Paulo/Brasil, no contexto do estudo &#8220;Fragilidade em Idosos Brasileiros&#8221;. Todos foram submetidos a medidas sociodemográficas, antropométricas, de rastreio cognitivo, entre outras. Aos idosos sem sinais sugestivos de demência foi aplicado protocolo com questões dicotômicas (sim/não), baseadas no autorrelato de doenças crônicas, sintomas depressivos, saúde bucal e alteração da deglutição. As associações e as razões de prevalência foram investigadas por meio de regressão de Cox e valores de p&lt;0,05 foram considerados significativos. Resultados A amostra foi composta por 507 idosos com 72 (+/-5,2) anos de idade, em média, sendo a maioria mulheres (62%). As doenças crônicas naturais do envelhecimento mais referidas foram hipertensão (62,1%) e artrite/reumatismo (43,5%). Apenas 12,4% não relataram nenhuma doença crônica. Sensação de alimento parado (16%) e engasgos ao se alimentar ou ingerir líquido (14,4%) foram as alterações de deglutição mais referidas. Sensação de boca seca, maior número de doenças crônicas, cardiopatias e osteoporose foram associados com alterações de deglutição. O aumento de idade foi relacionado apenas ao pigarro, após ingestão de algum alimento. Conclusão A coocorrência de doenças crônicas e a sensação de boca seca foram os fatores mais relacionados às alterações de deglutição. A idade foi associada apenas ao relato de pigarro após alimentação.2

Recolha seletiva de embalagens na região litoral Centro de Portugal: sistema atual vs novas soluções

Os autores gostariam de agradecer ao projeto Life PAYT - Tool to Reduce Waste in South Europe (LIFE15 ENV/PT/000609).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Lectins in Cervical Screening.

Cervical screening in low-resource settings remains an unmet need. Lectins are naturally occurring sugar-binding glycoproteins whose binding patterns change as cancer develops. Lectins discriminate between dysplasia and normal tissue in several precancerous conditions. We explored whether lectins could be developed for cervical screening via visual inspection. Discovery work comprised lectin histochemistry using a panel of candidate lectins on fixed-human cervix tissue (high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN3, n = 20) or normal (n = 20)), followed by validation in a separate cohort (30 normal, 25 CIN1, 25 CIN3). Lectin binding was assessed visually according to staining intensity. To validate findings macroscopically, near-infra red fluorescence imaging was conducted on freshly-resected cervix (1 normal, 7 CIN3), incubated with topically applied fluorescently-labelled lectin. Fluorescence signal was compared for biopsies and whole specimens according to regions of interest, identified by the overlay of histopathology grids. Lectin histochemistry identified two lectins-wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA)-with significantly decreased binding to CIN3 versus normal in both discovery and validation cohorts. Findings at the macroscopic level confirmed weaker WGA binding (lower signal intensity) in CIN3 vs. normal for biopsies (p = 0.0308) and within whole specimens (p = 0.0312). Our findings confirm proof-of-principle and indicate that WGA could potentially be developed further as a probe for high-grade cervical disease

Validity of self-report of oral conditions in older people

Aim: To verify if self-report is a valid instrument to study the clinical oral condition in older people without cognitive deficit. Methods: A Cross-sectional study was conducted with 647 older people from the community, without cognitive deficit, living in Campinas, Brazil. A self-report questionnaire assessing the presence or absence of teeth (edentulism) and use of complete denture was applied, identifying the location of the denture, whether in the upper and/or lower arch. In the same session oral clinical exams were performed, considered the gold standard. The self-report validation was performed by calculating sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, odds ratios and Kappa agreement. Results: There were high percentages of sensitivity (95–99%), specificity (84–97%), positive (81–97%) and negative (95–98%) predictive values, obtaining an elevated level of confidence and quality intrinsic value of self-report. Agreement with the clinical examination was excellent for all variables (greater than 0.80). The likelihood ratios showed compelling evidence that with self-report an edentulous individual (+LR 32), non-edentulous (-LR 0.06) and absence of complete denture (-LR 0.01) could be correctly identified, with moderate evidence to identify the presence and location of complete denture use (+LR 6.5 to 6.9). Conclusion: Self-report is a valid instrument to study the clinical oral condition in the older people of the community

Sheep corneal endothelium morphology : evaluation with trypan blue and alizarin red

Background: The endothelium is a layer fundamental to maintaining corneal transparency. In ophthalmology, sheep eyes have been used as a model in research related to corneal transplantation. Different techniques have been used to evaluate the corneal endothelium. Concerning vital dyes, corneal endothelial cell analyses have not yet been studied in ovines. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the morphology of endothelial cells from different regions of the cornea of sheep after staining with alizarin red and trypan blue using an optical microscope. Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty healthy eyes of 10 male sheep obtained from a licensed commercial slaughterhouse were studied. The study was approved by the Research Committee of the Faculty of Veterinary at UFRGS and followed the ethical standards of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO). Immediately after the slaughter, the eyes were enucleated and underwent eye examination. The corneal endothelium was stained with trypan blue and alizarin red and examined and photographed using an optical microscope. The central, superior, inferior, nasal and temporal areas of the cornea were evaluated for cell morphology. Data were compared by t-tests. Differences were considered statistically significant at P < 0.05. Immediately after staining the corneal endothelium, it was possible to examine with an optical microscope, obtain images and analyse the shape of endothelial cells from all regions of the sheep cornea. Polygonal, uniform and continuous cells were observed in all samples studied. Considering all the corneas analysed, cells with 6 sides (75.11%), 5 sides (12.76%) and 4 sides (12.12%) were found. In the central region of the cornea 75.91% of cells with 6 sides, 12.6% of cells with 5 sides and 11.48% with 7 sides were found. In the superior region of the cornea 76.07% of cells with 6 sides, 13.25% with 5 sides and 10.68% with 7 sides were found. In the lower region were found 74.72% of cells with 6 sides, 13% with 5 sides and 12.27% with 7 sides. In the temporal region, 74.14% were 6-sided cells, 11.42% had 5 sides, and 14.43% had 7 sides. Furthermore, in the nasal region, 74.72% of the cells had 6 sides, 13.54% had 5 sides, and 11.73% had 7 sides. No significant differences were found between cell morphology in all corneal regions evaluated. In addition, no significant difference was found when comparing the right eye with the left eye. Discussion: Different methods are used for the analysis of corneal endothelium. For ex vivo research optical microscopy after endothelial staining is an alternative low-cost technique that allows the analysis of all regions of the cornea. Quan¬titative analyses must characterise the endothelial parameters of the different species. The analysis of the morphology of corneal endothelium with an optic microscope after staining with alizarin red has been described as an effective, rapid and cost-efficient method, since this dye blends with the borated cells, allowing identification. In the present study, using optical microscopy and coloration with alizarin red it was possible to explore and obtain images of the ovine endothelium of all regions of the cornea. In the current study, the endothelium had a predominance of cells will 6 sides in all regions studied. This study allowed us to obtain images of the endothelium as well as quantitative data on the morphology of the different regions of the sheep cornea. This study demonstrated that morphology did not differ between the central and peripheral regions. The findings of this study represent a further source of reproducible data that should be considered when using sheep cornea as ex vivo model for experimental research

Sheep Corneal Endothelium Morphology - Evaluation with Trypan Blue and Alizarin Red

Background: The endothelium is a layer fundamental to maintaining corneal transparency. In ophthalmology, sheep eyes have been used as a model in research related to corneal transplantation. Different techniques have been used to evaluate the corneal endothelium. Concerning vital dyes, corneal endothelial cell analyses have not yet been studied in ovines. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the morphology of endothelial cells from different regions of the cornea of sheep after staining with alizarin red and trypan blue using an optical microscope. Materials, Methods &amp; Results: Twenty healthy eyes of 10 male sheep obtained from a licensed commercial slaughterhouse were studied. The study was approved by the Research Committee of the Faculty of Veterinary at UFRGS and followed the ethical standards of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO). Immediately after the slaughter, the eyes were enucleated and underwent eye examination. The corneal endothelium was stained with trypan blue and alizarin red and examined and photographed using an optical microscope. The central, superior, inferior, nasal and temporal areas of the cornea were evaluated for cell morphology. Data were compared by t-tests. Differences were considered statistically significant at P &lt; 0.05. Immediately after staining the corneal endothelium, it was possible to examine with an optical microscope, obtain images and analyse the shape of endothelial cells from all regions of the sheep cornea. Polygonal, uniform and continuous cells were observed in all samples studied. Considering all the corneas analysed, cells with 6 sides (75.11%), 5 sides (12.76%) and 4 sides (12.12%) were found. In the central region of the cornea 75.91% of cells with 6 sides, 12.6% of cells with 5 sides and 11.48% with 7 sides were found. In the superior region of the cornea 76.07% of cells with 6 sides, 13.25% with 5 sides and 10.68% with 7 sides were found. In the lower region were found 74.72% of cells with 6 sides, 13% with 5 sides and 12.27% with 7 sides. In the temporal region, 74.14% were 6-sided cells, 11.42% had 5 sides, and 14.43% had 7 sides. Furthermore, in the nasal region, 74.72% of the cells had 6 sides, 13.54% had 5 sides, and 11.73% had 7 sides. No significant differences were found between cell morphology in all corneal regions evaluated. In addition, no significant difference was found when comparing the right eye with the left eye. Discussion: Different methods are used for the analysis of corneal endothelium. For ex vivo research optical microscopy after endothelial staining is an alternative low-cost technique that allows the analysis of all regions of the cornea. Quantitative analyses must characterise the endothelial parameters of the different species. The analysis of the morphology of corneal endothelium with an optic microscope after staining with alizarin red has been described as an effective, rapid and cost-efficient method, since this dye blends with the borated cells, allowing identification. In the present study, using optical microscopy and coloration with alizarin red it was possible to explore and obtain images of the ovine endothelium of all regions of the cornea. In the current study, the endothelium had a predominance of cells will 6 sides in all regions studied. This study allowed us to obtain images of the endothelium as well as quantitative data on the morphology of the different regions of the sheep cornea. This study demonstrated that morphology did not differ between the central and peripheral regions. The findings of this study represent a further source of reproducible data that should be considered when using sheep cornea as ex vivo model for experimental research. Keywords: ovine, endothelial cells, ex vivo model, vital staining, hexagonality