A família e a escola na construção da cidadania

A família e a escola desempenham um papel importantíssimo na construção da cidadania de crianças e jovens. Portanto, individualmente e em conjunto, ambas podem e devem possibilitar o desenvolvimento de competências necessárias a uma vida harmónica e equilibrada em sociedade. O exemplo dos mais velhos é fundamental para a assimilação e aprendizagem da vida democrática, com responsabilidade, autonomia e solidariedade. A educação para a carreira pode favorecer desde cedo o futuro adulto a ter uma vida profissional e produtiva mais satisfatória, realizando atividades para as quais esteja efetivamente vocacionado. O objetivo do presente artigo é refletir e repensar o papel da família e da escola na formação de sujeitos cidadãos. Infelizmente, os pais contemporâneos eximem-se da autoridade que lhes seria devida para educar seus filhos, optando por transferirem tal responsabilidade para a escola (Savater, 2008). Se outrora pensávamos apenas na necessidade de educar nossos filhos e alunos, hoje também já carecemos de uma educação parental (Gameiro, 2004; Delgado-Martins, 2011). Uma intervenção recomendada aos profissionais e familiares que atuam junto aos jovens deve considerar uma tríplice função: «… mudança de atitude dos adultos face aos adolescentes; aposta no diálogo intergeracional; ajuda aos jovens na concretização dos seus projectos de vida» (Matos & Sampaio, 2009, pp. 23-24). Sem alguns parâmetros, minimamente coerentes e sensatos, de vivência social e cívica de professores, pais, outros familiares e/ou pessoas próximas, dificilmente teremos no futuro uma sociedade verdadeiramente cidadã.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Quality of life of mothers of children with cancer: an integrative review / Qualidade de vida das mães de criança com câncer: revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the scientific evidence in the literature on the quality of life of mothers of children with cancer. Method: Integrative literature review, carried out in LILACS, Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), CINAHL databases, in English, Portuguese and Spanish, using controlled descriptors in Portuguese: “quality of life”, “cancer”, “family” and “nursing” and their versions in English and Spanish in the time frame from 2010 to 2020. Results: Twelve complete studies were selected for interpretative analysis that allowed the identification of five: categories: affected domains; socio-demographic data and quality of life; spirituality and positive thinking; readapting the way of living; role of the health team. Conclusion: studies with the theme quality of life of mothers of children with cancer were concerned with showing that having a child diagnosed with cancer significantly alters the quality of life of mothers, in different aspects: cognitive, emotional, affective and social. DESCRIPTORS: Quality of life; Neoplasms; Family, Nursing. ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the scientific evidence in the literature on the quality of life of mothers of children with cancer. Method: Integrative literature review, carried out in LILACS, Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), CINAHL databases, in English, Portuguese and Spanish, using controlled descriptors in Portuguese: “quality of life”, “cancer”, “family” and “nursing” and their versions in English and Spanish in the time frame from 2010 to 2020. Results: Twelve complete studies were selected for interpretative analysis that allowed the identification of five: categories: affected domains; socio-demographic data and quality of life; spirituality and positive thinking; readapting the way of living; role of the health team. Conclusion: studies with the theme quality of life of mothers of children with cancer were concerned with showing that having a child diagnosed with cancer significantly alters the quality of life of mothers, in different aspects: cognitive, emotional, affective and social.  RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la evidencia científica en la literatura sobre la calidad de vida de las madres de niños con cáncer. Método: revisión integrativa de la literatura, realizada en LILACS, Medical Subject Headings, bases de datos CINAHL, en inglés, portugués y español, utilizando descriptores controlados en portugués: “calidad de vida”, “cáncer”, “familia” y “enfermería”. Y sus versiones en inglés y español en el período de 2010 a 2020. Resultados: Se seleccionaron doce estudios completos para análisis interpretativo que permitieron identificar cinco: categorías: dominios afectados; datos sociodemográficos y calidad de vida; espiritualidad y pensamiento positivo; readaptación de la forma de vida; papel del equipo de salud. Conclusión: estudios con el tema calidad de vida de madres de niños con cáncer se preocuparon por mostrar que tener un hijo con cáncer altera significativamente la calidad de vida de las madres, en diferentes aspectos: cognitivo, emocional, afectivo y social.Objetivo: analisar as evidências científicas da literatura sobre qualidade de vida das mães de criança com câncer. Método: revisão Integrativa da literatura, realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, Medical Subject Headings e CINAHL, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol, com utilização dos descritores controlados em português: “qualidade de vida”, “câncer”, “família” e “enfermagem” e suas versões em inglês e espanhol no recorte temporal de 2010 a 2020, Resultados: foram selecionados 12 estudos completos para análise interpretativa que permitiu a identificação de cinco: categorias: domínios afetados; dados sócios demográficos e qualidade de vida; espiritualidade e pensamento positivo; readaptando o modo de viver; papel da equipe de saúde. Conclusão: os estudos com a temática qualidade de vida das mães de crianças com câncer tiveram a preocupação em mostrar que ter um filho com diagnóstico de câncer altera significativamente a qualidade de vidas das mães, em diferentes aspectos: cognitivo, emocional, afetivo e social.

Novel insights into the genomic basis of citrus canker based on the genome sequences of two strains of Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii

Background: Citrus canker is a disease that has severe economic impact on the citrus industry worldwide. There are three types of canker, called A, B, and C. The three types have different phenotypes and affect different citrus species. The causative agent for type A is Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, whose genome sequence was made available in 2002. Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii strain B causes canker B and Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii strain C causes canker C. Results: We have sequenced the genomes of strains B and C to draft status. We have compared their genomic content to X. citri subsp. citri and to other Xanthomonas genomes, with special emphasis on type III secreted effector repertoires. In addition to pthA, already known to be present in all three citrus canker strains, two additional effector genes, xopE3 and xopAI, are also present in all three strains and are both located on the same putative genomic island. These two effector genes, along with one other effector-like gene in the same region, are thus good candidates for being pathogenicity factors on citrus. Numerous gene content differences also exist between the three cankers strains, which can be correlated with their different virulence and host range. Particular attention was placed on the analysis of genes involved in biofilm formation and quorum sensing, type IV secretion, flagellum synthesis and motility, lipopolysacharide synthesis, and on the gene xacPNP, which codes for a natriuretic protein. Conclusion: We have uncovered numerous commonalities and differences in gene content between the genomes of the pathogenic agents causing citrus canker A, B, and C and other Xanthomonas genomes. Molecular genetics can now be employed to determine the role of these genes in plant-microbe interactions. The gained knowledge will be instrumental for improving citrus canker control.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientIfico e Tecnologico (CNPq)Coordenacao para Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Ensino Superior (CAPES)Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura (FUNDECITRUS

The use of biodiversity as source of new chemical entities against defined molecular targets for treatment of malaria, tuberculosis, and T-cell mediated diseases: a review

The modern approach to the development of new chemical entities against complex diseases, especially the neglected endemic diseases such as tuberculosis and malaria, is based on the use of defined molecular targets. Among the advantages, this approach allows (i) the search and identification of lead compounds with defined molecular mechanisms against a defined target (e.g. enzymes from defined pathways), (ii) the analysis of a great number of compounds with a favorable cost/benefit ratio, (iii) the development even in the initial stages of compounds with selective toxicity (the fundamental principle of chemotherapy), (iv) the evaluation of plant extracts as well as of pure substances. The current use of such technology, unfortunately, is concentrated in developed countries, especially in the big pharma. This fact contributes in a significant way to hamper the development of innovative new compounds to treat neglected diseases. The large biodiversity within the territory of Brazil puts the country in a strategic position to develop the rational and sustained exploration of new metabolites of therapeutic value. The extension of the country covers a wide range of climates, soil types, and altitudes, providing a unique set of selective pressures for the adaptation of plant life in these scenarios. Chemical diversity is also driven by these forces, in an attempt to best fit the plant communities to the particular abiotic stresses, fauna, and microbes that co-exist with them. Certain areas of vegetation (Amazonian Forest, Atlantic Forest, Araucaria Forest, Cerrado-Brazilian Savanna, and Caatinga) are rich in species and types of environments to be used to search for natural compounds active against tuberculosis, malaria, and chronic-degenerative diseases. The present review describes some strategies to search for natural compounds, whose choice can be based on ethnobotanical and chemotaxonomical studies, and screen for their ability to bind to immobilized drug targets and to inhibit their activities. Molecular cloning, gene knockout, protein expression and purification, N-terminal sequencing, and mass spectrometry are the methods of choice to provide homogeneous drug targets for immobilization by optimized chemical reactions. Plant extract preparations, fractionation of promising plant extracts, propagation protocols and definition of in planta studies to maximize product yield of plant species producing active compounds have to be performed to provide a continuing supply of bioactive materials. Chemical characterization of natural compounds, determination of mode of action by kinetics and other spectroscopic methods (MS, X-ray, NMR), as well as in vitro and in vivo biological assays, chemical derivatization, and structure-activity relationships have to be carried out to provide a thorough knowledge on which to base the search for natural compounds or their derivatives with biological activity

Caracterização fenotípica de raças bubalinas nacionais e do tipo Baio Phenotypic characterization of national Brazilian buffalo breeds and Baio type

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a influência de fatores ambientais e genéticos nas características fenotípicas de búfalo (Bubalus bubalis) das raças Carabao, Jafarabadi, Murrah e Mediterrâneo e do tipo Baio. Os dados foram analisados usando-se o procedimento GLM do SAS (Statistical Analysis System), cujo modelo estatístico incluiu os efeitos fixos de ano e mês de nascimento, ordem de parto e sexo do animal. As médias encontradas para as variáveis foram: peso ao nascer de 32,79 kg (de 32,22 a 34,71 kg), peso da fêmea adulta de 514,31 kg, primeiro intervalo entre partos de 501,30 dias (de 483 a 564 dias), período de serviço de 191,30 dias (de 86 a 191 dias), idade ao primeiro parto de 1.088,03 dias (de 1.040 a 1.156 dias) e intervalo entre partos de 380,32 dias (de 373 a 392 dias). O grupo genético dos machos teve influência significativa nas características estudadas, exceto no peso da fêmea adulta. O sexo do bezerro influenciou o peso ao nascer e idade ao primeiro parto. A ordem de parto influenciou o peso ao nascer, período de serviço e intervalo entre partos. O ano e mês de nascimento influenciaram todas as características estudadas. As médias das características produtivas nas populações de bubalinos criadas na Região Amazônica demonstram que a espécie encontra-se adaptada àquelas condições, constituindo-se em uma alternativa para os criadores.<br>The objective of this study was to verify the influence of environmental and genetic factors on buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) of the Carabao, Jaffarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah breeds and of the Baio type, utilizing the GLM procedure of SAS (Statistical Analysis System). The mean birth weight was 32.79 kg (from 32.22 to 34.71 kg), mature female weight was 514.31 kg, first calving interval was 501.30 days (from 483 to 564 days), service period was 191.30 days (from 86 to 190 days), age at first calving was 1,088.03 days (from 1,040 to 1,156 days) and calving interval was 380.32 days (from 373 to 392 days). Sire group significantly affected all traits studied, except mature female weight. Calf sex affected both birth weight and age at first calving. Calving order affected birth weight, service period and calving interval while year of calving significantly affected most traits studied. The productive characteristics studied on the buffalo populations raised on the Brazilian Amazon show that this species is well adapted to those harsh conditions and that it can be considered as an alternative for breeders

Brazilian recommendations of mechanical ventilation 2013. Part 2

O suporte ventilatório artificial invasivo e não invasivo ao paciente crítico tem evoluído e inúmeras evidências têm surgido, podendo ter impacto na melhora da sobrevida e da qualidade do atendimento oferecido nas unidades de terapia intensiva no Brasil. Isto posto, a Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira (AMIB) e a Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia (SBPT) - representadas pelo seus Comitê de Ventilação Mecânica e Comissão de Terapia Intensiva, respectivamente, decidiram revisar a literatura e preparar recomendações sobre ventilação mecânica objetivando oferecer aos associados um documento orientador das melhores práticas da ventilação mecânica na beira do leito, baseado nas evidencias existentes, sobre os 29 subtemas selecionados como mais relevantes no assunto. O projeto envolveu etapas visando distribuir os subtemas relevantes ao assunto entre experts indicados por ambas as sociedades que tivessem publicações recentes no assunto e/ou atividades relevantes em ensino e pesquisa no Brasil na área de ventilação mecânica. Esses profissionais, divididos por subtemas em duplas, responsabilizaram-se por fazer revisão extensa da literatura mundial sobre cada subtema. Reuniram-se todos no Forum de Ventilação Mecânica na sede da AMIB em São Paulo, em 03 e 04 de agosto de 2013 para finalização conjunta do texto de cada subtema e apresentação, apreciação, discussão e aprovação em plenária pelos 58 participantes, permitindo a elaboração de um documento final

A Transcript Finishing Initiative for Closing Gaps in the Human Transcriptome

We report the results of a transcript finishing initiative, undertaken for the purpose of identifying and characterizing novel human transcripts, in which RT-PCR was used to bridge gaps between paired EST clusters, mapped against the genomic sequence. Each pair of EST clusters selected for experimental validation was designated a transcript finishing unit (TFU). A total of 489 TFUs were selected for validation, and an overall efficiency of 43.1% was achieved. We generated a total of 59,975 bp of transcribed sequences organized into 432 exons, contributing to the definition of the structure of 211 human transcripts. The structure of several transcripts reported here was confirmed during the course of this project, through the generation of their corresponding full-length cDNA sequences. Nevertheless, for 21% of the validated TFUs, a full-length cDNA sequence is not yet available in public databases, and the structure of 69.2% of these TFUs was not correctly predicted by computer programs. The TF strategy provides a significant contribution to the definition of the complete catalog of human genes and transcripts, because it appears to be particularly useful for identification of low abundance transcripts expressed in a restricted set of tissues as well as for the delineation of gene boundaries and alternatively spliced isoforms