Formação de professores nas escolas normais da Bahia: uma leitura de histórias a respeito da cultura escolar e dos saberes matemáticos.

Disponível em: https://periodicos.ufn.edu.br/index.php/VIDYA/article/view/2852Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que objetivou compreender o que foi produzido nas últimas duas décadas a respeito da formação de professores nas Escolas Normais baianas, ressaltando aspectos da cultura escolar e dos saberes, dentre eles, os saberes matemáticos. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo qualitativo por meio da análise de oito dissertações de mestrado e três teses de doutorado localizadas no banco de dados da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior e de Programas de Pós-Graduação. As análises permitiram identificar que houve uma tendência expressiva, nos trabalhos encontrados, em problematizar a feminização do magistério primário como elemento da constituição da identidade profissional. Por outro lado, foi constatada uma lacuna de investigações a respeito dos saberes que faziam parte da formação dos professores, efetivados nas Escolas Normais baianas, sobretudo os saberes matemáticos

Endocannabinoid system: conceptual parameters, history and therapeutic possibilities

Among the drugs considered illicit in the West, the Cannabis sativa plant is the most consumed: around 4% of the adult population, 10% of these users are in a situation of dependence. However, the medicinal use of this herb dates back to the early days of the emergence of our own species: some anthropologists theorize that some of the genus Homo has progressed in the struggle for survival with other hominids precisely because of the advanced knowledge – kept to the proper proportions – it possessed of plants like Cannabis. Millennia later, science – even focusing intensely on the chemical characterization of its more than 530 bioactive components – was still not able to generate verifiable hypotheses in order to explain two of the most remarkable characteristics of the recreational use of this plant: because small chemical changes potentiated the effect of the drug up to 100 times and, mainly, because it would be virtually impossible for an individual to suffer a lethal overdose of the substance. To overcome this paradigm, some compounds derived from delta-ninetetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) - the main component of cannabis – were radioactively marked in an experimental study and, after their induction, it was discovered that they had tropism by brain membranes and that their binding was saturated and stereosleptic. Such evidence strongly suggested the existence of endogenous receptors for the drug and it was these findings that led to the discovery of the Endocanabinoid System (SEC): a physiological apparatus made up of endogenous receptors and binders, philogenetically conserved, responsible for several controls related to neuronal homeostasis

Formação de professores primários na Escola Normal Teodoro Sampaio (Santo Amaro - BA): a constituição dos saberes aritméticos (BRASIL, 1954-1963)

Disponível em: http://www.histemat.com.br/index.php/HISTEMAT/article/view/336/Neste artigo, analisamos o ensino de saberes aritméticos no processo de formação de professores da Escola Normal Teodoro Sampaio, localizada no município baiano de Santo Amaro, no período de 1954 a 1963. O ponto de partida da delimitação temporal da análise se justifica por corresponder aos primeiros anos de funcionamento da referida instituição de ensino e seu limite final em função das fontes por nós localizadas. Para alcançarmos o objetivo proposto, consideramos os aportes teórico-metodológicos de autores como André Chervel, sobre a história das disciplinas escolares, Rita Hofstetter e Bernard Schneuwly, acerca dos processos de constituição de saberes docentes. A partir do diálogo com esses autores e com a literatura já produzida, interrogamos as fontes localizadas, como: legislações vigentes, atas de posse, cadernos escolares e entrevistas produzidas com ex-normalistas. A análise das fontes nos permitiu considerar que os saberes aritméticos foram ministrados no primeiro ano de formação nessa Escola Normal, em uma rubrica ora denominada Matemática, ora Aritmética. O ensino de tais saberes aritméticos na formação de professores foi organizado a partir dos conteúdos que deveriam ser ensinados pelo professor do Curso Primário, mas, principalmente, por conteúdos herdeiros de uma cultura do Curso Ginasial

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora