Spectral Analysis of Traffic Functions in Urban Areas

The paper is focused on the Fourier transform application in urban traffic analysis and the use of said transform in traffic decomposition. The traffic function is defined as traffic flow generated by different categories of traffic participants. A Fourier analysis was elaborated in terms of identifying the main traffic function components, called traffic sub-functions. This paper presents the results of the method being applied in a real case situation, that is, an intersection in the city of Bucharest where the effect of a bus line was analysed. The analysis was done using different time scales, while three different traffic functions were defined to demonstrate the theoretical effect of the proposed method of analysis. An extension of the method is proposed to be applied in urban areas, especially in the areas covered by predictive traffic control.</p

Quality of services solution for efficient communication within a distributed urban traffic control system

Modern Urban Traffic Control (UTC) systems are based on cooperative entities, able to produce optimal signalling strategies independently of traffic control centres. The more information the junction’s entities receive from their neighbours, the more effective the distributed system is. But not all the information is critical. For improving the transmission of data and building an efficient QoS structure, a simplified UTC packet is proposed. This solution can be deployed in any real UTC distributed system for guaranteeing that critical traffic parameters are successfully exchanged between its local decision making units in order to ensure a fully adaptive operation

SaPPART Guidelines: Assessment of positioning performance in ITS applications

This deliverable, entitled guidelines, is the third outcome of SaPPART COST Action, a European network of scientists and stakeholders that aims to promote smart use of GNSS technology in the field of intelligent road transport and mobility. It discusses the performance assessment of the GNSS-based Positioning terminals (GBPT), which is generally under the responsibility of the system integrators in the road market of GNSS. The aim of this document is to provide guidelines for generic test procedures for the evaluation of GBPT performance, either by field tests, simulations or their combination, compliant with the concepts and the definitions already established in the SaPPART White Paper (TMI 1) and Handbook (TMI 2). The document is intended to provide the reader with a helpful tool for planning the GBPT testing procedures by both discussing the testing in general and by providing some detailed practical information

Pojkar och moderna språk

Studien omfattar intervjuer med pojkar i åk9 som studerar respektive har hoppat av sina studier i moderna språk. Den beskriver och analyserar deras uppfattningar av moderna språk och hur dessa speglar sig i pojkarnas val att hoppa av eller fullfölja sina språkstudier. Situationen i de svenska grundskolorna bekräftar tidigare internationell forskning som uppmärksammar att antalet pojkar som läser främmande språk sjunker reellt när ämnet inte längre är obligatoriskt. Våra intervjuer med pojkar i åk9 beskriver en liknande uppfattning där eleverna väljer moderna språk i åk6 för att de anser att de måste göra ett språkval, alltså uppfattar ämnet som obligatoriskt, och senare tar lätt i anspråk möjligheten att hoppa av språkstudierna. Vårt resultat visar att pojkarnas uppfattningar av moderna språk varierar. Det finns uppfattningar att moderna språk är ett svårt respektive lätt ämne, moderna språk kan väljas bort respektive är viktig i utbildningen. Moderna språk uppfattas av pojkarna också som ett lärarcentrerat ämne och ett användbart ämne för kommunikation med omvärlden. Vad som påverkar pojkarnas motivation och hur lärarna kan upprätthålla motivationen till att fullfölja studierna i moderna språk, redovisas i arbetets diskussionsdel.

Autonomic Transport Management Systems—Enabler for Smart Cities, Personalized Medicine, Participation and Industry Grid/Industry 4.0

Today’s societies are facing great challenges in transforming living environments in a way better serving people’s demands of the future. A key point in this transformation is reinventing cities as smart cities, where the core services are integrated in a way that ensures a high quality of life while minimizing the usage of resources [Smart cities in Europe. Serie Research Memoranda 0048, VU University Amsterdam, Faculty of Economics, Business Administration and Econometrics 1]. Setting up smart cities resp. transforming cities to smart cities includes the development of smart transport systems as a main service all other services rely on. Thinking about current mega trends like Individualization of Products (Mass Customization) in so called Industry grid also known as Industry 4.0 [Umsetzungsempfehlungen für das Zukunftsprojekt Industrie 4.0 2] (Industrie 4.0 describes the industry in the 4th industrial revolution to customized mass production after mechanization, mass production, digitalization [Map ‘n’ tag. Thinking highways 3]), Personalized Medicine or the need of better support for disabled and older people in an aging society, the interconnection of involved bodies is a premise. In virtual world this means integration of data networks and ICTs in the physical world this means establishing individual and personalized transport services that cover individual mobility and individual distribution of goods. To ensure the best utilization of infrastructure while having less employable people in an aging society a high grade of automation and information integration is needed. We call this a smart transport system as the next step in development of today’s intelligent transport systems (ITS) and propose establishing this ITS of the future as an autonomic system to meet all the different requirements and ensure a high reliability of the overall system. Reliability is essential since most other services of the living environment smart city, will rely on transport systems. This chapter gives an overview on state of research based on current literature and recent publications of the authors (see references) and focus on the ICT system needed to manage transportation the autonomic transport management system

An integrated pipeline for sample preparation and characterization at the EMBL@PETRA3 synchrotron facilities

The characterization of macromolecular samples at synchrotrons has traditionally been restricted to direct exposure to X-rays, but beamline automation and diversification of the user community has led to the establishment of complementary characterization facilities off-line. The Sample Preparation and Characterization (SPC) facility at the EMBL@PETRA3 synchrotron provides synchrotron users access to a range of biophysical techniques for preliminary or parallel sample characterization, to optimize sample usage at the beamlines. Here we describe a sample pipeline from bench to beamline, to assist successful structural characterization using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) or macromolecular X-ray crystallography (MX). The SPC has developed a range of quality control protocols to assess incoming samples and to suggest optimization protocols. A high-throughput crystallization platform has been adapted to reach a broader user community, to include chemists and biologists that are not experts in structural biology. The SPC in combination with the beamline and computational facilities at EMBL Hamburg provide a full package of integrated facilities for structural biology and can serve as model for implementation of such resources for other infrastructures