Evolución en la escolarización del alumnado con necesidades educativas especiales en el sistema educativo español: conceptualización, síntesis histórica y papel de la Inspección Educativa

Functional diversity concept and paradigm changes throughout of Spanish education history in relation to integration and inclusion in schools of students with special educational needs were analyzed in this article; we have proceeded from poor children with disability and handicap out-of-school of earlier times up to the integration and inclusion of students with special educational needs in the current educational system through of educational Spanish laws that have been developed in democracy. Role of Educational Inspectorate around Spanish education history was also analyzed, starting from Moyano law up to our days where the educative Inspector guaranteed schooling rights to students and the exercise of this right by families in our country.En este trabajo hemos analizado cómo se ha llevado a cabo la escolarización del alumnado que presenta necesidades educativas especiales (NEE) partiendo de lo que significa la diversidad funcional, su evolución conceptual y los cambios de paradigma que a lo largo de la historia de la educación española ha sufrido la integración y la inclusión de este alumnado, desde la desescolarización y segregación del deficiente y anormal de épocas pretéritas hasta llegar a su plena normalización en las aulas en el sistema educativo actual gracias a las leyes orgánicas que se han desarrollado en democracia. Se ha analizado el papel que ha tenido la Inspección de Educación en este proceso, partiendo de la realidad histórica iniciada con la Ley Moyano hasta constituirse, en la actualidad, en la garantía de los derechos de escolarización inherentes al alumnado que presenta NEE y en el ejercicio de este derecho por sus familias en el marco del estado autonómico en que nos encontramos en la actualidad

La nueva Ley de Educación (LOMLOE) ante los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de la Agenda 2030 y el reto de la COVID-19

The objective of this work has been to analyse the genesis of Organic Law 3/2020, of December 29, which modifies Organic Law 2/2006, of May 3, on Education (LOMLOE) through the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals Agenda and the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on the implementation of these goals. Documentary references on the SDGs from international (UN, UNESCO, etc.) and national sources have been analysed for their implementation and development in Spain. From this analysis and a carried-out reflection, it is possible to conclude that LOMLOE seems to be based on this objective in compliance with SDG-4 (education), as well as for the fight against climate change. This is conducted through the introduction of education for sustainable development and for global citizenship (EDS-ECG), new transversal competences, new curricular developments, and a greater inclusion. The development of these, will be essential in the post-COVID era. In this context, the Educational Inspection should play an essential role in this process.El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido analizar la génesis de la Ley Orgánica 3/2020, de 29 de diciembre, por la que se modifica la Ley Orgánica 2/2006, de 3 de mayo, de Educación (LOMLOE) mediante los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) de la Agenda 2030 y el impacto que la pandemia de COVID-19 ha tenido en su implantación. Se han analizado referencias documentales sobre los ODS procedentes de fuentes internacionales (ONU, UNESCO, etc.) y nacionales para su implementación y desarrollo en España. El análisis documental y la reflexión realizada permite concluir que en cumplimiento del ODS-4 (educación), así como para la lucha del cambio climático, la LOMLOE parece sustentarse en el tratamiento de estos aspectos. Esto parece llevarse a cabo mediante la introducción de la educación para el desarrollo sostenible y para la ciudadanía global (EDS-ECG), nuevas competencias trasversales, nuevos desarrollos curriculares y una mayor inclusión, por lo que su desarrollo será básico en la época post-COVID. En este contexto, la Inspección Educativa debería jugar un papel esencial en este proceso

Diseño y evaluación de una secuencia de enseñanza sobre la Competencia Digital Docente en la formación inicial del profesorado en una experiencia concreta

The current pandemic situation has provoked that Information and Communication Technologies gain a major relevance that they did not have before, although, it has also shown how many deficits the educational system presents, such as the lack of digital teaching skills (DTS). Because of this, it is important that in the teaching training master for secondary education, this skill is taught from both a theoretical and a practical approach. In this article, it is shown the design and the evaluation of a teaching sequence, based on a methodology in which the reflection about digital teaching skills is prioritized and in which the elaboration of a personal teaching environment is used as a teaching strategy. The results of its implementation indicate a positive assessment from the students and it is possible to conclude that the teaching proposal allows for a favourable evolution of the participant’s DTS.La situación actual de la pandemia ha hecho que las Tecnologías de la Información y de la Comunicación tomen aún mayor relevancia de la que ya tenían, aunque también, ha puesto de manifiesto las carencias del sistema educativo, como por ejemplo, la baja competencia digital docente (CDD). Por este motivo, es importante que en el máster de formación del profesorado de educación secundaria se aborde esta competencia, tanto desde el punto de vista teórico como práctico. En este trabajo se presenta el diseño y evaluación de una secuencia de enseñanza, basada en una metodología en la que se prioriza la reflexión sobre la CDD y se utiliza la elaboración de un entorno personal de aprendizaje como estrategia de enseñanza. Los resultados de su puesta en práctica indican una valoración positiva por parte de los estudiantes y se concluye que la propuesta formativa permite una evolución favorable de la CDD de los participantes

La Inspección de Educación y la formación del profesorado: fases de la carrera docente, colaboración voluntaria de inspectores jubilados y fomento de vocaciones científicas. Propuesta participativa en la enseñanza de las ciencias experimentales

The objectives of this paper were: to analyse the different phases or stages of teaching career (from initial training to access to the inspection function), the incorporation of volunteer retired teachers or non-active inspectors as partners in educational establishments (specially as how were introduced in Canary Islands) and the possibility of participation in initial and continuing teacher training of senior inspectors with active or retired status. Finally, we present some actions involving inspectors in the initial teacher training offered at the university, in experimental sciences field due to the need to reverse the negative trend of scientific vocations that exists in our country.El presente trabajo tiene un triple propósito: analizar las distintas fases temporales o etapas de la carrera profesional docente (desde su formación inicial hasta el acceso a la función inspectora), la incorporación de la figura jurídica del docente o inspector colaborador voluntario jubilado a los centros educativos (particularizando su introducción en la Comunidad Autónoma de Canarias) y la posibilidad de participación en la formación docente inicial y continua de personal inspector de prestigio en activo o jubilado. Finalmente, se presentan algunas acciones de participación de inspectores e inspectoras en la formación inicial docente que se imparte en la universidad, particularizando en el ámbito de las ciencias experimentales por la necesidad de revertir la tendencia negativa de vocaciones científicas que existe en nuestro país

COVID-19 in Older Patients: Assessment of Post-COVID-19 Sarcopenia

(1) Background: Acute COVID-19 infections produce alterations in the skeletal muscle, leading to acute sarcopenia, but the medium- and long-term consequences are still unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate: (1) body composition; (2) muscle strength and the prevalence of sarcopenia; and (3) the relationship between muscle strength with symptomatic and functional evolution in older patients affected by/recovered from COVID-19; (2) Methods: A prospective, longitudinal study of patients aged ≥65 years who had suffered from COVID-19 infection between 1 March and 31 May 2020, as confirmed by PCR or subsequent seroconversion. Persistent symptoms, as well as anthropometric, clinical, and analytical characteristics, were analyzed at 3 and 12 months after infection. The degree of sarcopenia was determined by dynamometry and with SARC-F; (3) Results: 106 participants, aged 76.8 ± 7 years, were included. At 3 months postinfection, a high percentage of sarcopenic patients was found, especially among women and in those with hospitalization. At 12 months postinfection, this percentage had decreased, coinciding with a functional and symptomatic recovery, and the normalization of inflammatory parameters, especially interleukin-6 (4.7 ± 11.6 pg/mL vs. 1.5 ± 2.4 pg/mL, p < 0.05). The improvement in muscle strength was accompanied by significant weight gain (71.9 ± 12.1 kg vs. 74.7 ± 12.7 kg, p < 0.001), but not by an increase in lean mass (49.6 ± 10 vs. 49.9 ± 10, p 0.29); (4) Conclusions: Older COVID-19 survivors presented a functional, clinical, and muscular recovery 12 months postinfection. Even so, it is necessary to carry out comprehensive follow-ups and assessments that include aspects of nutrition and physical activity.Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Study protocol for a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase III trial examining the add-on efficacy, cost-utility and neurobiological effects of low-dose naltrexone (LDN) in patients with fibromyalgia (INNOVA study)

Introduction There is evidence that low-dose naltrexone (LDN; <5.0 mg/day) reduces pain and improves the quality of life of people with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). However, no randomised controlled trials with long-term follow-ups have been carried out. The INNOVA study will evaluate the add-on efficacy, safety, cost-utility and neurobiological effects of LDN for reducing pain in patients with FMS, with a 1-year follow-up. Methods and analysis A single-site, prospective, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel design phase III trial will be performed. Eligibility criteria include being adult, having a diagnosis of FMS and experiencing pain of 4 or higher on a 10-point numerical rating scale. Participants will be randomised to a LDN intervention group (4.5 mg/day) or to a placebo control group. Clinical assessments will be performed at baseline (T0), 3 months (T1), 6 months (T2) and 12 months (T3). The primary endpoint will be pain intensity. A sample size of 60 patients per study arm (120 in total), as calculated prior to recruitment for sufficient power, will be monitored between January 2022 and August 2024. Assessment will also include daily ecological momentary evaluations of FMS-related symptoms (eg, pain intensity, fatigue and sleep disturbance), and side effects via ecological momentary assessment through the Pain Monitor app during the first 3 months. Costs and quality-adjusted life years will be also calculated. Half of the participants in each arm will be scanned with MRI at T0 and T1 for changes in brain metabolites related to neuroinflammation and central sensitisation. Inflammatory biomarkers in serum will also be measured. Ethics and dissemination This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Fundació Sant Joan de Déu. The results will be actively disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations, social media and community engagement activities. Trial registration number NCT04739995

ESTRUCTURA Y COMPOSICIÓN FLORÍSTICA DE LA SELVA ALTA PERENNIFOLIA EN EL EJIDO NIÑOS HÉROES TENOSIQUE, TABASCO, MÉXICO

Floristic composition and forest structurewere described for the tall evergreentropical forest of the Ejido Niños Heroes,Tenosique, Tabasco (NHT). We selectedfour sampling units (U), each of whichwas set up in a box 50 X 50 m (2 500m2). In each U all trees with a diameterat breast height breast (DBH) ≥ 2.5 cmwere counted and measured for height.Density, frequency, and dominance weredetermined to get importance value,diversity, and similarity indices. A totalof 4 773 individuals, belonging to 112genera and 196 species, were surveyedand identified. The most abundant familieswere Rubiaceae, Fabaceae, Sapotaceae,Moraceae, Annonaceae, and Arecaceae.Three strata were established: lower (1 to10 m), middle (11 to 20 m), and upper (21to 30 m). Rinorea guatemalensis was thespecies with the highest value importance(IVI 33.5). The sampling units showed asimilar diversity: U3 (H’) 3.9, U1 3.6, U23.4, and U4 3.3. The Sorensen SimilarityIndex stated that the units are different inspecies composition. U3 and U4 are mostsimilar to one another. The NHT forestpossesses high abundance, richness, anddiversity of species. Although it has beensubjected to strong degrading changes, it isstill in a state of conservation.Se describió la estructura y composiciónflorística de la selva alta perennifolia delejido Niños Héroes, Tenosique, Tabasco(NHT). Se establecieron cuatro unidades demuestreo (UM) de 50 x 50 m (2500 m2) cadauna, donde se censaron todos los árbolescon diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP) ≥2.5 cm, y se midió su altura. Se determinósu densidad, frecuencia y dominancia paraobtener el índice de valor de importancia, elíndice de diversidad, y el índice de similitud.Se censaron un total de 4 773 individuos,pertenecientes a 112 géneros y 196 especiesdeterminadas. Las familias más abundantesfueron Rubiaceae, Fabaceae, Sapotaceae,Moraceae, Annonaceae y Arecaceae. Sereconocieron tres estratos: inferior de 1 a 10m, medio de 11 a 20 m y superior: inferiorde 1 a 10, medio de 11 a 20 y superior de21 a 30 m. Rinorea guatemalensis fue laespecie con mayor valor de importancia(IVI: 33.5). Las unidades de muestreopresentaron una diversidad muy similar:La UM3 (H´) 3.9, la UM1 3.6, la UM43.4 y la UM2 3.3. La semejanza florística(Sorensen) alcanzó sus mayores valoresentre las UM3 y UM4 (54%) y los menoresentre las UM1 y UM2 (40%). La selvade NHT posee alta abundancia, riquezay diversidad de especies. A pesar que laselva ha sido sometida a fuertes cambiosde degradación, todavía se encuentra en unestado de conservación