Da velha à 'nova política' : a onda populista no Brasil

A presente monografia almeja estabelecer um panorama conceitual do Populismo, tendo por base as pesquisas teóricas e empíricas recentes sobre o tema, impulsionadas, sobretudo, pela crescente relevância deste nos últimos anos, quando a teoria passou a ser rediscutida e reelaborada para dar conta da explicação de fenômenos políticos atípicos emergentes em contextos variados. Como fio condutor, utilizaremos o aparato teórico para elaborar uma análise do caso político brasileiro atual e do fenômeno bolsonarista. Em nossa pesquisa, três estudos sobre o fenômeno se sobressaem como fundamentais, seja pela consistência interna na apreensão dos mecanismos constitutivos do populismo ou por sua coerência externa diante das experiências atuais: a análise lógico-discursiva de Laclau (2005), a investigação da natureza moralista do fazer político proposta por Muller (2016) e Mouffe (2005) e a abordagem ideacional de Mudde & Kaltwasser (2013; 2018). Trata-se, em suma, de uma arguição sobre a natureza política e ideológica dos mecanismos e dispositivos constitutivos da ‘nova política’ bolsonarista, bem como de uma análise descritiva de suas operações políticas e da formação de sua fronteira antagônica específica – isto é, a consolidação do ‘Nós’ em contraposição ao ‘Eles’ –, enquanto operação sumária do populismo. Mapearemos estas características através de um estudo do conteúdo discursivo qualitativo dos agentes envolvidos no processo de mudança paradigmática da política brasileira – concentrando-se, portanto, na sociedade civil, com o delineamento da chamada ‘nova direita’, enquanto lócus de formação desses novos dispositivos políticos, e nas lideranças e elites políticas que protagonizaram este fenômeno.This present work aims to establish a brief conceptual panorama of Populism, based on the recent theoretical and empirical research on the subject, driven mainly by the increasing relevance of this theme in the last few years, when the theory began to be rediscussed and reworked to explain the emerging of atypical political phenomena in a variety of contexts. As a guiding thread, we will use the theoretical apparatus to elaborate an analysis of the current Brazilian political case and the bolsonarist phenomenon. In our research, three studies on the phenomenon stand out as fundamental, either by their internal consistency in the apprehension of the constitutive mechanisms of populism or by its external coherence in the face of current experiences: the logical-discursive analysis of Laclau (2005), the investigation of the moralist nature of the populist political imagination, proposed by Muller (2016) and Mouffe (2005) and the ideational approach of Mudde & Kaltwasser (2013; 2018). It is, in short, an inquiry about the political and ideological nature of the mechanisms and devices constituting the “New Bolsonarist Policy”, as well as a descriptive analysis of its political operations and the formation of its specific antagonistic frontier - that is, the consolidation of 'We' as opposed to 'Them' -, as a summary operation of populism. We will map these characteristics through a qualitative study of the discursive content of the agents involved in the process of paradigmatic change in Brazilian politics – concentrating, therefore, on the civil society, with the design of the so-called 'new right', as the locus of formation of these new political devices, and in the political leaders and political elites who have been the protagonists of this phenomenon

Head Coverings in the Courtroom: A Question of Respect for the Judge or of Judicial Tolerance?

The Human Rights Centre at Ghent University (the HRC) first initiated the present research while preparing an amicus curiae brief in the Lachiri v. Belgium case before the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). The applicant in Lachiri, who was a civil party in legal proceedings concerning the murder of her brother, was denied access to a Brussels courtroom after refusing to remove her Islamic headscarf . Ms. Lachiri’s admission was refused in reliance on Article 759 of the Belgian Judicial Code (Gerechtelijk Wetboek/ Code Judiciaire), which provides that “[t]he audience will attend the sessions with their heads uncovered, respectfully and silently; whatever the judge commands for the maintenance of order will be punctually and immediately executed.” In its third-party intervention, the HRC sought to supply the ECtHR with additional information concerning three points: the debate on the wearing of Islamic headscarves in Belgium, the history, object and purpose of Article 759 of the Belgian Judicial Code, and the scope of the State margin of appreciation in prohibiting religious items of clothing

Photogrammetry and archaeological knowledge: toward a 3D<br />information system dedicated to medieval archaeology: a case study of<br />Shawbak Castle in Jordan

The paper presents an interdisciplinary project which is the first step towards a 3D Geographical Information System (GIS) dedicated to Cultural Heritage with a specific focus application on the Castle of Shawbak, also known as the ”Crac de Montral” in Jordan. The project continues to grow thanks to a synergy between a set of laboratories: The LSIS laboratory, France in charge of the pho- togrammetric survey phase connected with the knowledge based approach; ITABC, CNR lab in Roma, Italy in charge of the topometric survey, with DGPS and aerial photography with gas balloon, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kyoto, Japan for the 3D view point seek connected to the database, the image processing aspect managed by Stratos documentation, SimVis from The Department of Computer Science, University of Hull, UK, for the virtual reality aspect and of course the Dipartimento di Studi storici e Geografici from the University of Florence, Italy, in charge of the archaeological part. Our project focuses on a building scale encompassing its atomic elements such as ashlars blocks, cement, stratigraphic units and archi- tectonic elements. At this scale we need a full 3D interface in order to manage accurate measurements, a huge quantity of observations and a mainly heterogeneous archaeological documentation. This project described in this paper is work in progress. After four photogrammetric campaigns in Jordan the first results are available on the project web site: http://www.shawbak.ne

Work and health of the Federal Justice officials at Porto Alegre

Este artigo apresenta resultados de pesquisa que investigou os efeitos do trabalho sobre a saúde de oficiais de Justiça Federal de Porto Alegre. A demanda partiu do Sindicato dos Trabalhadores da Justiça Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Sintrajufe-RS), devido ao aumento das queixas relacionadas à saúde desses servidores. Foi utilizado um questionário estruturado, o Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20), para pesquisar a prevalência de distúrbios psiquiátricos menores e a metodologia da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho, com modelo metodológico de pesquisa ação. Os resultados obtidos apontam que o principal problema está relacionado à falta de reconhecimento do trabalho realizado por esses profissionais. Também foram relatadas pelo grupo questões de desrespeito em relação ao exercício de sua atividade e o trabalho solitário. Sugere-se um espaço de discussão/reunião que envolva os trabalhadores, a coordenação e a representação do juiz, com participação de profissionais da Psicologia, caracterizando uma ação permanente.This paper presents results from a research which investigated the effects of work on the health of Federal Justice officials at Porto Alegre. The demand emerged from the Union of Workers of the Federal Justice of Rio Grande do Sul (Sintrajufe-RS), due to increased complaints with regard to the health of these servants. A structured questionnaire was used, the Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20), in order to survey the prevalence of minor psychiatric disorders and the methodology of Work Psychodynamics, with a methodological model of researchaction. The results obtained point out that the main problem is related to a lack of recognition to the work performed by these professionals. Issues of disrespect with regard to their activity and solitary work were also reported by the group. One suggests a discussion/meeting space involving the workers, the coordination, and the judge's representation, with the participation of Psychology professionals, characterizing a permanent action

Unusual Etiology and Diagnosis of Oroantral Communication due to Late Implant Failure

Oroantral communication (OAC) rarely occurs long after implant placement. The present report describes the rare etiology and the difficulty of the diagnosis of an uncommon OAC occurring 10 years after the implant placement in the posterior maxilla. The difficulty of the diagnosis lies in the absence of clinical symptoms of sinusitis and presence of multiunit prosthesis hiding implant failure. This case report supports the need for sinus check-up during a routine implant examination

The influence of sinus membrane thickness upon membrane perforation during transcrestal sinus lift procedure

ObjectivesSchneiderian membrane perforation is one of the main complications during sinus augmentation. The reasons may be associated with surgical technique, septum, inadequate ridge height, and membrane thickness. However, reports that used cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) to quantify the thickness of sinus membrane were limited. The aims of this retrospective study were: to study the correlation between membrane thickness and perforation rate during transcrestal sinus lift and to propose a classification system of sinus membrane thickness based upon CBCT data.Material and methodsOne hundred and twenty‐two subjects who received dental implant restorations over posterior maxilla with a total of 185 transcrestal sinus lift procedures between years 2010 to 2013 were selected consequently. Each patient selected had to have taken CBCT in the initial examination and immediately after surgery. The membrane thickness, perforation rate, residual bone height, and elevated bone height were recorded and processed for statistical analysis.ResultsThe mean thickness of the Schneiderian membrane was 1.78 ± 1.99 mm. There was a significant correlation between membrane thickness and perforation rate (P < 0.05), and the perforation rate was higher in thicker (≥3 mm) and thinner membrane (≤0.5 mm). Among the thickness group, Class B (between ≥1 and <2 mm) had the lowest perforation rate. No significant difference was between the perforation and the membrane morphology. A negative relationship between residual bone height and membrane thickness was found. Trend showed that in the thicker and the thinner residual bone height, the higher the perforation rate would be.ConclusionsThere was a significant correlation between membrane thickness and perforation rate. The perforation rate was lowest when the thickness was 1.5–2 mm.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/113735/1/clr12429.pd

Complications associated with implant migration into the maxillary sinus cavity

Background Migration of dental implants into the maxillary sinus is an uncommon, but increasingly reported complication. Implant migration may result from initial lack of primary stability, intrasinusal and nasal pressure changes, autoimmune reaction to the implant or incorrect distribution of occlusal forces. This retrospective study aims at analyzing the factors that may influence implant migration into the maxillary sinus cavity. Material and methods Fourteen patients presenting a total 15 implants that migrated into the maxillary sinus were recruited. Diagnosis of this complication was based on imaging techniques, such as cone beam computerized tomography scan and panoramic radiography. Clinical data were recorded in all cases and processed for statistical analysis. Results ABH was below 6 mm in the majority of cases. However, almost 50% of the patients did not receive any site preparation treatment prior to implant insertion. Five patients (33.3%) were treated by osteotome techniques, but only one of them had bone grafting. Therefore, 73.3% of sites did not receive any biomaterial to increase available bone height. The most common complication‐associated factors found on this study were related to implant design (cylindrical), implant dimension (diameter), implant restoration/rehabilitation method (partial removable denture), site‐specific anatomy (initial residual bone height between 5 and 6.9 mm), demographics (age), and biomaterials. Conclusion Patient selection and proper treatment planning, as well as the application of the appropriate sinus augmentation technique, are critical aspects that should be controlled to minimize the risk of implant migration into the maxillary sinus cavity. [Correction added after online publication August 17 2011: The Conclusion was revised to provide better clarity to the reader.]Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/93739/1/clr2278.pd