Factores de riesgo y estrategias de prevención en la desnutrición infantil en Latinoamérica

Introduction: In Latin America, child malnutrition persists as a public health challenge, affecting the physical and cognitive development of children. This problem is linked to a complex network of risk factors that include limited access to nutritious foods, unfavorable socioeconomic conditions and educational deficiencies in nutrition. Object of study: Identify risk factors and prevention strategies in child malnutrition in Latin America. Methodology: The research was of documentary design and the type of study is explanatory and bibliographic. Results: It was evident that child malnutrition present in countries such as Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru and Cuba, directly affects cognitive development and quality of life forever and presents risk factors such as poverty, education, basic services, sociodemographics, among others. These are responsible for the negative impact on the growth, development and functioning of the body in minors. Likewise, they focus on strategies such as prevention and food education campaigns for the population, digital training, or also through posters, brochures, brochures, to improve knowledge about malnutrition in people and be able to reduce it. Conclusion: Child malnutrition persists as an urgent challenge that affects the comprehensive development of children. To effectively address this problem, it is essential to implement comprehensive strategies that include improvements in access to nutritious foods, favorable socioeconomic conditions, and nutrition education programs.Introducción: En Latinoamérica, la desnutrición infantil persiste como un desafío de salud pública, afectando el desarrollo físico y cognitivo de los niños. Esta problemática está vinculada a una compleja red de factores de riesgo que incluyen limitado acceso a alimentos nutritivos, condiciones socioeconómicas desfavorables y carencias educativas en nutrición. Objeto de estudio: Identificar los factores de riesgo y estrategias de prevención en la desnutrición infantil en Latinoamérica. Metodología: La investigación fue de diseño documental y el tipo de estudio es explicativo y bibliográfico. Resultados: Se evidenció que la desnutrición infantil presente en países como Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Perú y Cuba, afecta directamente el desarrollo cognitivo y calidad de vida para siempre y presentan factores de riesgo como la pobreza, educación, servicios básicos, sociodemográficos, entre otros. Estos son responsables del impacto negativo al crecimiento, desarrollo y funcionamiento del organismo en los menores. De igual forma se centran en estrategias como campañas de prevención y educación alimentaria para la población, capacitaciones de forma digital, o también por medio de carteles, folletos, trípticos, para mejorar el conocimiento sobre la desnutrición en las personas y poder disminuirla. Conclusión: La desnutrición infantil persiste como un desafío urgente que afecta el desarrollo integral de los niños. Para abordar eficazmente este problema, es esencial implementar estrategias integrales que incluyan mejoras en el acceso a alimentos nutritivos, condiciones socioeconómicas favorables y programas educativos en nutrició

Body fat measurement by bioelectrical impedance and air displacement plethysmography: a cross-validation study to design bioelectrical impedance equations in Mexican adults

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The study of body composition in specific populations by techniques such as bio-impedance analysis (BIA) requires validation based on standard reference methods. The aim of this study was to develop and cross-validate a predictive equation for bioelectrical impedance using air displacement plethysmography (ADP) as standard method to measure body composition in Mexican adult men and women.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This study included 155 male and female subjects from northern Mexico, 20–50 years of age, from low, middle, and upper income levels. Body composition was measured by ADP. Body weight (BW, kg) and height (Ht, cm) were obtained by standard anthropometric techniques. Resistance, R (ohms) and reactance, Xc (ohms) were also measured. A random-split method was used to obtain two samples: one was used to derive the equation by the "all possible regressions" procedure and was cross-validated in the other sample to test predicted versus measured values of fat-free mass (FFM).</p> <p>Results and Discussion</p> <p>The final model was: FFM (kg) = 0.7374 * (Ht²/R) + 0.1763 * (BW) - 0.1773 * (Age) + 0.1198 * (Xc) - 2.4658. R²was 0.97; the square root of the mean square error (SRMSE) was 1.99 kg, and the pure error (PE) was 2.96. There was no difference between FFM predicted by the new equation (48.57 ± 10.9 kg) and that measured by ADP (48.43 ± 11.3 kg). The new equation did not differ from the line of identity, had a high R²and a low SRMSE, and showed no significant bias (0.87 ± 2.84 kg).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The new bioelectrical impedance equation based on the two-compartment model (2C) was accurate, precise, and free of bias. This equation can be used to assess body composition and nutritional status in populations similar in anthropometric and physical characteristics to this sample.</p

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Health system in Peru

En el presente documento, se presenta información actualizada del Sistema de Salud de Perú a fin de comprender su estructura, los principales cambios y los resultados en salud. Se ha utilizado un formato ágil con el fin de que pueda ser utilizado por tomadores de decisiones, la comunidad académica y otros interesados en el sistema de Salud de Perú. En la primera parte, se presenta información del contexto demográfico y social del país; así como las condiciones de salud de la población peruana a las cuales tiene que responder el sistema de salud. En la segunda parte, se describen las características del sistema de salud vinculadas con su estructura y cobertura, las fuentes de financiamiento, los recursos de los que dispone para atender a la población (humanos, establecimientos de salud y medicamentos); la rectoría del sistema; y los mecanismos para el ejercicio de la ciudadanía en salud. Finalmente, se describen los retos que debe asumir el sistema de salud de Perú para alcanzar la cobertura universal efectiva para todos los peruanos.In this document, updated information of the Health System of Peru is presented in order to understand its structure, the main changes and the results in health. An agile format has been used so that it can be used by decision makers, the academic community and others interested in Peru's Health system. In the first part, information on the demographic and social context of the country is presented; as well as the health conditions of the Peruvian population to which the health system has to respond. In the second part, the characteristics of the health system related to its structure and coverage, the sources of financing, the resources available to assist the population (humans, health facilities and medicines) are described; the rectory of the system; and the mechanisms for the exercise of health citizenship. Finally, the challenges that Peru's health system must assume to achieve effective universal coverage for all Peruvians are described

Estrategia comercial para incrementar las ventas y el posicionamiento de la empresa funerales Neza en la delegación Iztapalapa

Seminario: la efectividad empresarial basada en tácticas y estrategias comerciales para entornos competitivo

Recreational physical activity is inversely associated with asymptomatic gallstones in adult Mexican women

Background and rationale. Epidemiologic research suggests that physical activity (PA) reduces the risk of chronic diseases including gallstones. Objective. This study explores the association between recreational physical activity (RPA) and risk of asymptomatic gallstones (AG) in adult Mexican women.Material and methods. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of women from the Health Workers Cohort Study. The study population included Mexican women aged 17-94 years, with no history of gallstone (GS) or cholecystectomy. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on weight change, gynecological health history, cholesterol-lowering medications and diuretics, history of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), PA and diet. PA was calculated in minutes/day, minutes/week and Metabolic Equivalents (METs)/week. Gallstone diagnosis was performed using real-time ultrasonography. The association between RPA and risk of AG was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression models.Results. Of the 4,953 women involved in the study, 12.3% were diagnosed with AG. The participants with AG were significantly older, had a higher body mass index, and had a higher prevalence of DM2 than those without AG. The participants with > 30 min/day of RPA had lower odds of AG (OR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.65-0.97; P = 0.03), regardless of other known risk factors for gallstone disease. Furthermore, we observed an inverse relationship between RPA time and AG risk, especially in women doing more than 150 min a week of RPA (OR = 0.76; 95%CI: 0.61-0.95; P = 0.02).Conclusion. These findings support the hypothesis that RPA may protect against AG, although further prospective investigations are needed to confirm this association

Cartografías de nuestras realidades

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Programas de Apoyo a Proyectos para la Innovación y Mejoramiento de la Enseñanza/"PAPIME-UNAM PE 404115"//[Cuerpo, territorio y violencia en Nuestra América. Cartografías materiales y simbólicas]La cartografía nos permite contar con diversas coordenadas para abordar la realidad, pues para transformarla es necesario entenderla. También sirve para ampliar la mirada o para desenfocarla, y así identificar la relación entre lo material y lo inmaterial, lo experimentado y lo imaginado, con el fin de propiciar la reflexión acerca de sus posibilidades pedagógicas y de investigación social. Además de intentar explicar la realidad vivida, procura proyectarnos más allá de las fronteras trazadas en nuestros mapas, con lo que cobra valores catafóricos, al adelantar lo que podrá venir.Libro