COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF QUALITY OF LIFE OF ATHLETE AND NON-ATHLETE OLDER ADULTS

The purpose of this study was to comparative investigation of quality of life of athlete and non-athlete older adults. 160 Athletes and non-athletes male (age: 60-69 yr, 80 subjects for each group) were selected randomly from Ardabil city and SF-36 questionnaires completed by them. Health related quality of life was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed that there were significant differences between athlete and non-athlete subjects regarding to dependent variables. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the quality of life of elderly people with a history of the exercise training is higher than non-athletes. Also, physical activity improves quality of life of older adults. Thus, its recommend that having the regular exercise and physical activity during youth and especially in old age is very affordable, and elderly care centers can used these training for increase quality of life of elders in society

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.Peer reviewe

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS, BODY COMPOSITION AND EXPLOSIVE POWER IN CADET WRESTLERS [Sootnosheniia mezhdu antropometricheskimi parametrami, sostavom tela i vzryvnoj siloj iunykh borcov]

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between anthropometric parameters, body composition and explosive power in cadet wrestlers. Methods: Seventeen male cadet wrestlers (age = 15.6 +/- 0.73 yrs) from the Kurdistan province wrestling clubs participated in this study. Body composition (percent body fat), anthropometric parameters (height, sitting height, arm-span, upper arm length, leg length, upper leg length, arm circumference, middle thigh and calf circumference), explosive power (standing long jump and Medicine ball throw tests) were measured. Results: Explosive power of upper body was significantly correlated with sitting height arm-span, upper arm length, arm circumference, weight and %BF. Explosive power of lower body was significantly correlated with sitting height, arm-span and weight. No significant correlation was found between explosive power of lower body and leg length, upper leg length, middle thigh circumference and maximum calf circumference Explosive power of upper body was also significantly correlated with explosive power of lower body. Conclusion: Explosive power is an important parameter in wrestling. Having a high level of power along with an appropriate arm-span helps to the wrestler for performing techniques successfully in competition. Our study suggested that height isn't the only parameter affecting talent identification and other parameters such as arm span and sitting height should be seriously considered when criteria for the selection of a wrestler are set

Визначення і порівняння VO2max з модельними значеннями у учнів старшої школи

Цель исследования - оценка и сравнение уровня потребления кислорода с модельными значениями у школьников. В эксперименте принимали участие 30 школьников города Ардабил, которые были выбраны случайным образом (возраст 15-16,5 лет, рост 160-175 см, вес 60-63 кг). Учащиеся были разделены на 2 группы. В первой группе использовался тест Rockport для оценки максимального потребления кислорода VO2 и в другой группе использован тест Balk для той же цели. Также для определения VO2max в обеих группах был проведен стандартный тест на бегущей дорожке и результаты были сравнены с результатами тестов на спортивной площадке. Для анализа данных использовалась программа ANOVA и Tukey's post-hoc тест при достаточном уровне значимости (p). Результаты показали существенные отличия между результатами тестов на площадке и беговой дорожке. В результате полученных данных было установлено, что указанные тесты не являются тождественными и их не рекомендуется использовать для 15-17-летних мальчиков для определения аэробной способности.The purpose of this study was to evaluation and comparison of VO2max assessment models in students. Thirty students from high schools of Ardabil city were selected randomly and served as subjects in this study (age: 15.73±0.69 year, height: 169.46±8.1 cm, weight: 61.70±9.32 kg). Subjects were divided into two groups. In one group Rockport test was used to estimate their VO2 max and in other group Balk test was used for the same purpose. Also, the VO2max of both groups were examined by a standard treadmill test and the results were compared with the results of field tests. The one way of ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests were used for data analysis (p>0/05). The results showed that there were significant differences between the results of the field tests and standard treadmill test (Bruce: 40.93±5.83 vs. Rockport: 58.71±2.73 and Balke: 52.09± 6.18). As a result of these findings it was concluded that the regression equations used in this study used is not suitable for 15-17 (yr) boys and does not estimate their aerobic power correctly.Мета дослідження - оцінка і порівняння рівня споживання кисню з модельними значеннями у школярів. У експерименті брали участь 30 школярів міста Ардабіл, які були вибрані випадковим чином (вік 15-16,5 років, зрост 160-175 см, вага 60-63 кг). Учні були розділені на 2 групи. У першій групі використовувався тест Rockport для оцінки максимального споживання кисню VO2 і в іншій групі використаний тест Balk для тієї ж мети. Також для визначення VO2max в обох групах був проведений стандартний тест на біговій доріжці і результати були порівняні з результатами тестів на спортивному майданчику. Для аналізу даних використовувалася програма ANOVA і Tukey's post-hoc тест при достатньому рівні значущості (p). Результати показали істотні відзнаки між результатами тестів на майданчику і біговій доріжці. В результаті отриманих даних було встановлено, що вказані тести не є тотожними і їх не рекомендується використовувати для 15-17-річних хлопчиків для визначення аеробної здатності

Anthropometric and physical fitness traits of four-time World Greco-Roman wrestling champion in relation to national norms: a case study

The purpose of the present investigation was to describe the anthropometric and physical fitness traits of a four-time World senior Greco-Roman wrestling champion (age: 24 years, height: 167 cm, weight: 61 kg) in relation to national norms. The anthropometric traits included body weight, height, sitting height, arm-span, and the physical fitness traits included flexibility (sit-and-reach, trunk-and-neck extension and shoulder-and-wrist elevation tests), maximal oxygen uptake (Gas analysis method), muscular endurance (pull-ups and bent-knee sit-ups), muscular strength (bench press, squat), agility (4×9 m shuttle run), speed (40-yd sprint), bilateral visual reaction time and body composition. The major results are as follows: body fat (%): 8.4; body weight (kg): 61; height (cm): 167; sitting height (cm): 89; arm-span (cm): 174; sit-and-reach (cm): 45; trunk-and-neck extension (cm/cm): 0.64; shoulder-and-wrist elevation (cm/cm): 0.54; maximal oxygen uptake (ml·kg-1·min-1): 56; pull-ups (reps): 50; bent-knee sit-ups (reps/min): 77; agility (s): 7.6; speed (s): 4.57; bilateral visual reaction time (ms): 229; 1RM weight lifted in the bench press relative to body weight (kg·kg-1): 1.39 and 1 RM weight lifted in the squat relative to body weight (kg·kg-1): 1.83. The present study indicated that measures of the squat, speed and agility tests of the subject were higher than Iranian national norms for 55 kg senior Greco-Roman style wrestling. The measures of bench press and trunk and shoulder flexibility tests were lower than the national norms. In other tests, no major difference was observed between the results of the subject’s tests and national norms

THE EFFECTS OF OMEGA-3 INTAKE ON DELAYED ONSET MUSCLE SORNESS IN NON-ATHLET MEN

Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is classified as a muscle strain that presents with tenderness and stiffness one to two days after exercise. At present there are multiple proposed methods for treating DOMS, including anti-inflammatory medication, stretching, homeopathy, L-carnitine, rest and light exercise. The purpose of this study was to investigation of the effects of omega-3 intake on delayed onset muscle soreness in non-athlete men. 20 healthy subjects (age: 20.5±1.8 years) participated as subjects in this study. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups (experimental and control). In the experimental group, subjects consume daily 2000 mg of omega-3; 2 times per day for 1 month before and 48 hours after perform leg press exercise with eccentric pattern. Similarly, the was taking in the control group. The results showed significant decrease in severity of DOMS (CK and LDH levels and decreased knee's range of motion) in experimental group in comparison with control group (p<0.05). As a result of our study it is suggested that the use of omega-3 supplement can effectively reduce DOMS caused by eccentric exercise

مقایسه تاثیر تمرینات تعادلی، ذهنی و ترکیبی بر تعادل مردان سالمند سالم

چکیده مقدمه: از آن جائی که حفظ تعادل[1] یکی از شاخص های تعیین استقلال افراد سالمند به شمار می رود، بررسی و تشخیص عوامل موثر بر تغییرات تعادل بویژه اثرات انواع قراردادهای[2] تمرین ورزشی بر تعادل از موضوعات قابل بررسی است که مورد توجه محققان قرار گرفته است. هدف مطالعه حاضر بررسی مقایسه ای اثر تمرینات تعادلی در آب، تمرینات ذهنی و تمرینات ترکیبی (ذهنی و تعادلی در آب) بر تعادل مردان سالمند سالم بود. مواد و روش ها: تعداد 120 نفر از سالمندان، سن 14/14 ±07/65 سال، وزن 31/3±86/71 کیلوگرم و قد 57/3 ±2/173 سانتی متر، انتخاب و به صورت تصادفی در 4 گروه] گروه اول تمرینات تعادلی در آب (30 نفر)، گروه دوم تمرينات ذهني (30 نفر)، گروه سوم تمرین ترکیبی تعادلی در آب و تمرين ذهني (30 نفر)، گروه چهارم بدون تمرین یا کنترل (30 نفر)[ طبقه‎بندی شدند. براي برآورد تعادل آزمودني ها از آزمون Y[3] در سه جهت استفاده شد. سپس در مورد گروه تمرینی تعادلی در آب، تمرینات در آب با هدف افزایش تعادل آزمودنی‎ها به مدت شش هفته و هر هفته به مدت سه جلسه و هر جلسه به مدت یک ساعت انجام شد. در مورد گروه تمرینات ذهنی مدت تمرين ذهنی در هر جلسه 15 دقيقه و طول دوره مشابه گروه اول بود. در مورد گروه تمرین ترکیبی تعادلی در آب و تمرینات ذهنی، آزمودنی‎ها ترکیبی از تمرینات دو گروه قبل را انجام دادند. براي تجزیه و تحلیل آماری داده های خام از آزمون های آمار توصيفي، t همبسته، ANOVA و آزمون تعقيبي توكي (p≤0/05) استفاده شد. یافته ها: نتایح نشانگر افزایش فاصله دستیابی آزمودنی های سه گروه تمرینی پس از دوره تمرین بود. لیکن در مقايسه بين گروهها بر اساس مقادير دامنه اختلاف فاصله دستيابي قبل و بعد از اعمال تمرينات که اندازه دقيق تري از تأثير انواع تمرينات را بر تعادل فراهم مي کند، مشاهده مي شود که در هر سه جهت آزمون Y بيشترين افزايش فاصله دستيابي پس از اعمال دوره تمرين مربوط به گروه تمرينات تركيبي است. بحث و نتیجه گیری: نتایج تحقیق حاضر در توافق با یافته های قبلی نشانگر تاثیر معنی دار اجرای یک دوره تمرین ورزشی بر بهبود تعادل بود. دلالیل احتمالی افزایش تعادل در نتیجه تمرین شامل افزایش قدرت اندام تحتانی آزمودنی ها، تسهیل در هدایت عصبی عضلانی، افزایش سینرژی عضلانی، اعمال فشار بر سیستم عصبی عضلانی و مهار فرایند خودبخودی می باشد. با توجه به یافته های تحقیق حاضر می توان پیشنهاد کرد که در طراحی برنامه های آمادگی جسمانی ویژه سالمندان به تمرینات در آب و تمرینات ذهنی توجه خاص شود. واژه های کلیدی: تعادل، تمرینات تعادلی در آب، تمرینات ذهنی، مردان سالمند   [1]: Balance [2]: Protocol [3]: Y Balance Tes

THE EFFECTS OF OMEGA-3 INTAKE ON DELAYED ONSET MUSCLE SORNESS IN NON-ATHLET MEN

Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is classified as a muscle strain that presents with tenderness and stiffness one to two days after exercise. At present there are multiple proposed methods for treating DOMS, including anti-inflammatory medication, stretching, homeopathy, L-carnitine, rest and light exercise. The purpose of this study was to investigation of the effects of omega-3 intake on delayed onset muscle soreness in non-athlete men. 20 healthy subjects (age: 20.5±1.8 years) participated as subjects in this study. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups (experimental and control). In the experimental group, subjects consume daily 2000 mg of omega-3; 2 times per day for 1 month before and 48 hours after perform leg press exercise with eccentric pattern. Similarly, the с was taking in the control group. The results showed significant decrease in severity of DOMS (CK and LDH levels and decreased knee's range of motion) in experimental group in comparison with control group (p<0.05). As a result of our study it is suggested that the use of omega-3 supplement can effectively reduce DOMS caused by eccentric exercise

EFFECTS OF TWO DIFFERENT DOSAGE OF BCAA SUPPLEMENTATION ON SERUM INDICES OF MUSCLE DAMAGE AND SORENESS IN SOCCER PLAYERS

The purpose of this study was to investigation of the effects of two different dose of BCAA supplementation on serum indices of muscle damage and soreness in soccer players. 30 male soccer players (age: 20.2+-0.6 yr) participated as subjects in this study. Subjects were randomly divided into three groups (double-blind design). All subjects performed lower- body resistance exercise (6 sets, 10 repetitions, 70% 1RM). The BCAA was given at doses of 200 and 450 mg.kg -1 BW for supplemental groups 1 and 2, respectively, 30 minutes before and after to exercise tests and carbohydrate was given at dose of 200 mg.kg -1 BW for placebo group. To identify enzymes activity (IU/L), venous blood samples were collected 30 min prior to exercise and at 24 and 48 hrs post exercise. Data were statistically analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonfferoni test. Baseline CK, CK-MB and muscle soreness were determined 30 minutes before the exercise test. Baseline serum values for CK, CK-MB and baseline muscle soreness were not different between groups in the 30 minutes before the exercise test (p>0/05). However, there were significant increases between the pre-exercise and post-exercise values for CK, CK-MB and muscle soreness from 24 hrs to 48 hrs post-test (p<0/05), but there were no significant differences between two groups (p< 0.05(. These results suggested that two different dosages of BCAA supplementation did not affect muscle damage and muscle sureness during resistance exercise bout in soccer players