Balance hídrico positivo y alta mortalidad en niños con sepsis grave y choque séptico

ResumenIntroducciónUno de los pilares fundamentales del tratamiento en la sepsis grave y el choque séptico es la administración de líquidos intravenosos. Sin embargo, su administración excesiva puede tener efectos deletéreos.MétodoSe llevó a cabo un estudio observacional de cohortes y prospectivo en un grupo de niños con sepsis grave y choque séptico para determinar si el balance hídrico tiene un impacto determinante sobre la tasa de mortalidad.ResultadosSe incluyeron 102 niños en el análisis. La sepsis grave predominó en 61,8% de los casos y la mortalidad general fue de 25,5%. El balance hídrico fue significativamente más alto a las 48 y 72 horas en los que no sobrevivieron, al igual que el balance hídrico acumulado en las primeras 72 horas de admisión (1973±868ml vs. 1044±670ml, p<0.0001).Mediante un modelo de regresión multivariable de Cox, se identificaron como factores predictores independientes de mortalidad antes de 28 días: PELOD (Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction) mayor de 20 puntos (Hazard ratios [HR]=2.9; IC95% 1.7–11.4; p=0.014), insuficiencia renal aguda (HR=1,9; IC95% 1,1-3,8; p=0,001) y sobrecarga hídrica (HR=2,1; IC95% 1,3-8,2; p=0,035). Además, se observó un incremento significativo del riesgo de mortalidad en los niños con sobrecarga hídrica, según el método de Kaplan-Meier (p=0,002).ConclusiónEl balance hídrico positivo acumulado en las primeras 72 horas se asocia con mayor mortalidad en niños con sepsis grave y choque séptico. El puntaje PELOD, la insuficiencia renal y la sobrecarga hídrica incrementan el riesgo de mortalidad en estos pacientes.AbstractIntroductionIn severe sepsis and septic shock one of the mainstays of treatment is the administration of intravenous fluids. However, the administration of excess fluids in sepsis may have deleterious effects.MethodsA prospective observational cohort study was performed in order to determine if the fluid balance has a determining impact on mortality rate in a group of critically ill children with severe sepsis or septic shock.ResultsA total of 102 patients were included in the analysis. Severe sepsis was predominant in 61.8% of the cases. The mortality was 25.5%. The fluid balance was significantly higher at 48hours and 72hours in non-survivors, as well as the accumulated fluid balance in the first 72hours (1973±868ml vs. 1044±670ml, p<.0001).Using a multivariate Cox regression model, a PELOD (Paediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction) score of more than 20 points (HR=2.9; 1.7–11.4; p=.014), acute renal failure (HR=1.9; 95% CI; 1.1–3.8; p=.001), and fluid overload (HR=2.1; 95% CI; 1.3–8.2; p=.035) were identified as predictors of mortality at 28 days. A significantly increased risk of mortality in children with fluid overload (p=.002) is also observed in the survival curve using the Kaplan-Meier method.ConclusionsThe accumulated positive fluid balance in the first 72hours is associated with higher mortality in children with severe sepsis or septic shock. PELOD score, acute renal failure, and fluid overload increase the risk of mortality in these patients

Effect of the temperature and relative humidity in stored sotol (Dasylirion cedrosanum Trel.) seeds on fungi biodiversity

The objective of the research was to identify the fungi in sotol seeds at different conditions of temperature and relative humidity. Seeds were collected at Buñuelos, municipality, and taken to the Laboratory of the Center for Training and Development in Seed Technology (CCDTS) at Universidad Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro. The seed was stored for a period of 90 days, whit conditions of 60, 75, 80 and 85% of relative humidity kept at 5, 15 and 25 °C. Fungi identifying by morphological criteria. A completely randomized experiment using R software, with factorial arrangement whit two replications. Pathogens identified were: Aspergillus glaucus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., Aspergillus candidus, Cladosporiun sp., Alternaria sp. and Aspergillus chraceus, the results showed that the higher the humidity, temperature and storage time, the incidence of fungi tends to be higher. Fungi with a higher presence in sotol seeds were: Aspergillus glaucus and Penicillium sp. Safe storage environments for sotol seeds reported in this work are 5 °C and a relative humidity of 60-75%. Sotol seeds tolerates conditions of 15 °C and a relative humidity up to 75%.&nbsp

Microtiming patterns and interactions with musical properties in Samba music

In this study, we focus on the interaction between microtiming patterns and several musical properties: intensity, meter and spectral characteristics. The data-set of 106 musical audio excerpts is processed by means of an auditory model and then divided into several spectral regions and metric levels. The resulting segments are described in terms of their musical properties, over which patterns of peak positions and their intensities are sought. A clustering algorithm is used to systematize the process of pattern detection. The results confirm previously reported anticipations of the third and fourth semiquavers in a beat. We also argue that these patterns of microtiming deviations interact with different profiles of intensities that change according to the metrical structure and spectral characteristics. In particular, we suggest two new findings: (i) a small delay of microtiming positions at the lower end of the spectrum on the first semiquaver of each beat and (ii) systematic forms of accelerando and ritardando at a microtiming level covering two-beat and four-beat phrases. The results demonstrate the importance of multidimensional interactions with timing aspects of music. However, more research is needed in order to find proper representations for rhythm and microtiming aspects in such contexts

Rendimiento de grano en líneas de sorgo cultivadas bajo riego y riego limitado en Texas

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar, bajo riego y riego limitado, el rendimiento de grano de 40 líneas F7 de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) seleccionadas por tolerancia a sequía en la Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (FAUANL) en Marín, Nuevo León, México. Los estudios se efectuaron en College Station, Texas, en el ciclo Otoño-Invierno 2011, y en Lubbock, Texas en el ciclo Primavera-Verano 2011. Las 40 líneas se dividieron en dos grupos de 20 genotipos para integrar dos experimentos, más cinco líneas experimentales y un híbrido comercial como testigo. Entonces, se estudiaron 26 tratamientos, con dos repeticiones. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con covarianza, con el número de plantas por parcela como covariable independiente y el rendimiento de grano de sorgo como variable dependiente. El rendimiento de grano por planta fue en general mayor en College Station que en Lubbock. En ambas localidades, tanto en riego como en riego limitado, se identificaron líneas F7 cuyo rendimiento de grano fue estadísticamente superior a aquel del híbrido testigo y de las líneas que participaron en la cruza que dio origen a la F2 de la cual se seleccionaron

Education can improve the negative perception of a threatened long-lived scavenging bird, the Andean condor

Human-wildlife conflicts currently represent one of the main conservation problems for wildlife species around the world. Vultures have serious conservation concerns, many of which are related to people's adverse perception about them due to the belief that they prey on livestock. Our aim was to assess local perception and the factors influencing people's perception of the largest scavenging bird in South America, the Andean condor. For this, we interviewed 112 people from Valle Fértil, San Juan province, a rural area of central west Argentina. Overall, people in the area mostly have an elementary education, and their most important activity is livestock rearing. The results showed that, in general, most people perceive the Andean condor as an injurious species and, in fact, some people recognize that they still kill condors. We identified two major factors that affect this perception, the education level of villagers and their relationship with livestock ranching. Our study suggests that conservation of condors and other similar scavengers depends on education programs designed to change the negative perception people have about them. Such programs should be particularly focused on ranchers since they are the ones who have the worst perception of these scavengers. We suggest that highlighting the central ecological role of scavengers and recovering their cultural value would be fundamental to reverse their persecution and their negative perception by people.Fil: Cailly Arnulphi, Verónica Beatríz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera; ArgentinaFil: Lambertucci, Sergio Agustin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Borghi, Carlos Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera; Argentin