Secuencia temporal en el swing de golf de jóvenes promesas

The golf swing is a skill which could be classified as a high velocity hitting where the main goal is that the head of the golf club reaches its maximum velocity at impact time. Ten golf swings executed by four young players were biomechanicaly analyze. Automatic capture with Vicon Oxford Metrics © was used. The absolute values of the linear velocities were higher at men that at women. At the interval analysis, the downswing presented less variation than the backswing. The analisis of the maximum timing sequence showed that depending on the gender they described different order. At men, the secuence started with the hip movement, followed by, left elbow, left shoulder and the club head. At women the hips and left elbow occurred simultaneously followed by the left shoulder and the club head. El swing en golf es una destreza que podríamos catalogar de golpeo de velocidad donde el objetivo es que la cara del palo alcance la máxima velocidad en el momento del impacto. Se han analizado biomecánicamente diez golpeos de cuatro jugadores promesas, mediante el sistema fotogrametría 3D Vicon Oxford Metrics © de captura automática. En primer lugar se ha podido comprobar que los valores absolutos de velocidades lineales eran mayores en los chicos que en los chicas. El análisis de las dos fases del swing indica que la fase de aceleración (downswing) presenta una variabilidad menor que el backwing. El análisis de la secuencia temporal de máximos alcanzados en los segmentos muestra cómo las aEcciones de los mismos siguen un orden diferente en función del género. La secuencia en los chicos empieza por el movimiento de caderas y sigue con el codo izquierdo, el hombro izquierdo y el palo; en las chicas, las caderas y el codo izquierdo actúan simultáneamente seguidos del hombro izquierdo y del palo.Peer Reviewe

Valoración de la fuerza explosiva en esgrima

La fuerza explosiva es una capacidad física muy importante en la esgrima, por lo que su valoración resulta importante para el control y planificación del entrenamiento. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue valorar la fuerza explosiva general y específica en tiradores de alto nivel. Se aplicaron dos tests genéricos de fuerza explosiva (salto vertical sin contramovimiento –SJ-, y salto vertical con contramovimiento -CMJ-), y cuatro tests específicos (Fondo desde parado -F-, Fondo desde Saltos -FS-, Flecha desde parado -FL- y Flecha desde Saltos -FLS-) a 17 tiradores masculinos pertenecientes al equipo nacional español absoluto de esgrima. Se utilizaron dos plataformas de fuerza, una para cada apoyo. A partir de los datos de las fuerzas de reacción se obtuvieron las variables determinantes de la fuerza explosiva tales como el desplazamiento vertical (detente) o la velocidad horizontal de de despegue. Se observa que la batería de tests llevada a cabo proporciona, en un corto periodo de tiempo, una información de gran relevancia para el control y la planificación del entrenamiento con el objetivo de intentar optimizar el rendimiento de los deportistas. Se han encontrado diferencias significativas entre las fuerzas verticales máximas en cada apoyo en el salto vertical lo que puede estar asociado con asimetrías de la fuerza muscular.Explosive strength is one of the most important physical capacities in fencing. The evaluation of explosive strength is fundamental for the planning and control of the training program. The purpose of this study was to assess the general and specific explosive strength in 17 senior male fencers of the national Spanish team. They carried out general explosive strength tests: Squat Jump (SJ) and Counter Movement Jump (CMJ); and specific explosive strength tests: Lunge from static position (F), Lunge from bounces (FS), Flèche from static position (FL) and Flèche from bounces (FLS). From the information of the reaction forces there were obtained the determinant variables of the explosive strength, such as the vertical displacement or the takeoff horizontal speed. The results were obtained from two force platforms, one for each support. Results showed that the tests carried out provided, in a short time, relevant information to plan and control the training program in order to the improve athletes performance. Significant differences were found between the vertical maximal strength in each support in the vertical jump. These differences can be associated with asymmetries of the muscular force.Peer Reviewe

Aislamiento de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (PUFA) de aceites comestibles mediante cromatografía líquida de gel de sílice impregnado con nitrato de plata

Four edible oils, linseed, borage and sunflower seed oils, and the liver oil of shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus), have been fractionated by open column liquid chromatography, using partially argentated silica gel as stationary phase, looking for purify polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). By this method, linoleic (LA, 18:2n6),α-linolenic (ALA, 18:3n3), γ-linolenic (GLA, 18:3n6), stearidonic (SDA, 18:4n3), eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20:5n3) and docosahexaenoic (DHA, 22:6n3) fatty acid esters have been isolated from these oils with high purity percentages and yields.Los aceites comestibles de lino, girasol, borraja y el de hígado de marrajo (Isurus oxyrinchus), se fraccionaron mediante cromatografía líquida en columna abierta, usando como fase estacionaria gel de sílice parcialmente impregnado con nitrato de plata, con el objetivo de purificar varios ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (PUFA). Mediante este método, se aislaron los ésteres metílicos de los ácidos linoleico (LA, 18:2n6), α-linolénico (ALA, 18:3n3), γ- linolénico (GLA, 18:3n6), estearidónico (SDA, 18:4n3), eicosapentaenoico (EPA, 20:5n3) y docosahexaenoico (DHA, 22:6n3) con altas purezas y rendimientos

First report of Tomato torrado virus on weed hosts in Spain

Alfaro Fernández, AO.; Córdoba-Sellés, C.; Cebrián, M.; Herrera-Vásquez, J.; Sanchez Navarro, JA.; Juárez, M.; Espino, A.... (2088). First report of Tomato torrado virus on weed hosts in Spain. Plant Disease. 92(5):831-831. https://doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-5-0831b83183192

Biomechanical analysis of the penalty-corner drag-flick of elite male and female hockey players

The aim of this study was to analyse the kinematic sequencing in the penalty-corner drag-flicks of elite male and female field hockey players of international calibre. Thirteen participants (one skilled male drag-flicker and six male and six female elite players) participated in the study. An optoelectronic motion analysis system was used to capture the drag-flicks with six cameras, sampling at 250 Hz. Select ground reaction force parameters were obtained from a force platform which registered the last support of the front foot. Twenty trials were captured from each subject. Both player groups showed significantly (p < 0.05) smaller ball velocity at release, peak angular velocity of the pelvis, and negative and positive peak angular velocities of the stick than the skilled subject. Normalised ground reaction forces of the gender groups were also smaller than that of the skilled drag-flicker. By comparing these players we established that the cues of the skill level are a wide stance, a whipping action (rapid back lift) of the stick followed by an explosive sequential movement of the pelvis, upper trunk and stick

Human immunodeficiency virus/hepatits C virus coinfection in Spain: Elimination is feasible, but the burden of residual cirrhosis will be significant

Background We assessed the prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV-Abs) and active HCV infection in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Spain in 2016 and compared the results with those of similar studies performed in 2002, 2009, and 2015. Methods The study was performed in 43 centers during October-November 2016. The sample was estimated for an accuracy of 2% and selected by proportional allocation and simple random sampling. During 2016, criteria for therapy based on direct-acting antiviral agents (DAA) were at least significant liver fibrosis, severe extrahepatic manifestations of HCV, and high risk of HCV transmissibility. Results The reference population and the sample size were 38904 and 1588 patients, respectively. The prevalence of HCV-Abs in 2002, 2009, 2015, and 2016 was 60.8%, 50.2%, 37.7%, and 34.6%, respectively (P trend <.001, from 2002 to 2015). The prevalence of active HCV in 2002, 2009, 2015, and 2016 was 54.0%, 34.0%, 22.1%, and 11.7%, respectively (P trend <.001). The anti-HCV treatment uptake in 2002, 2009, 2015, and 2016 was 23.0%, 48.0%, 59.3%, and 74.7%, respectively (P trend <.001). In 2016, HCV-related cirrhosis was present in 7.6% of all HIV-infected individuals, 15.0% of patients with active HCV, and 31.5% of patients who cleared HCV after anti-HCV therapy. Conclusions Our findings suggest that with universal access to DAA-based therapy and continued efforts in prevention and screening, it will be possible to eliminate active HCV among HIV-infected individuals in Spain in the short term. However, the burden of HCV-related cirrhosis will continue to be significant among HIV-infected individuals

Activation of the Innate Immune Response against DENV in Normal Non-Transformed Human Fibroblasts

In this work, we demonstrate that that both human whole skin and freshly isolated skin fibroblasts are productively infected with Dengue virus (DENV). In addition, primary skin fibroblast cultures were established and subsequently infected with DENV-2; we showed in these cells the presence of the viral antigen NS3, and we found productive viral infection by a conventional plaque assay. Of note, the infectivity rate was almost the same in all the primary cultures analyzed from different donors. The skin fibroblasts infected with DENV-2 underwent signaling through both TLR3 and RIG-1, but not Mda5, triggering up-regulation of IFNβ, TNFα, defensin 5 (HB5) and β defensin 2 (HβD2). In addition, DENV infected fibroblasts showed increased nuclear translocation of interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), but not interferon regulatory factor 7 IRF7, when compared with mock-infected fibroblasts. Our data suggest that fibroblasts might even participate producing mediators involved in innate immunity that activate and contribute to the orchestration of the local innate responses. This work is the first evaluating primary skin fibroblast cultures obtained from different humans, assessing both their susceptibility to DENV infection as well as their ability to produce molecules crucial for innate immunity

The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer, MEDA. A Suite of Environmental Sensors for the Mars 2020 Mission

86 pags., 49 figs., 24 tabs.NASA’s Mars 2020 (M2020) rover mission includes a suite of sensors to monitor current environmental conditions near the surface of Mars and to constrain bulk aerosol properties from changes in atmospheric radiation at the surface. The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) consists of a set of meteorological sensors including wind sensor, a barometer, a relative humidity sensor, a set of 5 thermocouples to measure atmospheric temperature at ∼1.5 m and ∼0.5 m above the surface, a set of thermopiles to characterize the thermal IR brightness temperatures of the surface and the lower atmosphere. MEDA adds a radiation and dust sensor to monitor the optical atmospheric properties that can be used to infer bulk aerosol physical properties such as particle size distribution, non-sphericity, and concentration. The MEDA package and its scientific purpose are described in this document as well as how it responded to the calibration tests and how it helps prepare for the human exploration of Mars. A comparison is also presented to previous environmental monitoring payloads landed on Mars on the Viking, Pathfinder, Phoenix, MSL, and InSight spacecraft.This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, through the projects No. ESP2014-54256-C4-1-R (also -2-R, -3-R and -4-R) and AYA2015-65041-P; Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, projects No. ESP2016-79612-C3-1-R (also -2-R and -3-R), ESP2016-80320-C2-1-R, RTI2018-098728-B-C31 (also -C32 and -C33) and RTI2018-099825-B-C31; Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial; Ministry of Science and Innovation’s Centre for the Development of Industrial Technology; Grupos Gobierno Vasco IT1366-19; and European Research Council Consolidator Grant no 818602. The US co-authors performed their work under sponsorship from NASA’s Mars 2020 project, from the Game Changing Development program within the Space Technology Mission Directorate and from the Human Exploration and Operations Directorate

Relation between health literacy, self-care and adherence to treatment with oral anticoagulants in adults: a narrative systematic review.

Background Oral anticoagulants (OAC) are widely used in patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, for optimal OAC self-care patients must have skills, among which health literacy (HL) is highlighted. We aimed to describe the relation between HL and self-care in cardiovascular patients on OAC treatment. Methods Electronic searches were carried out in the PubMed, Scopus, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, SciELO, IME-Biomedicina, CUIDEN Plus and LILACS databases, limited to Spanish and English language and between January 2000-December 2016. Papers reported on adults older than 18 years, taking OAC by themselves for at least three months. PRISMA guidelines were used for paper selection. Results We identified 142 articles and finally included 10; almost all of them about warfarin. Our results suggest that in patients taking OAC treatments there is a positive relationship between HL and the level of knowledge. In addition, a small percentage of participants on the selected papers recognized the side effects and complications associated with OAC treatment. Lower HL level was associated with greater knowledge deficits and less adherence to treatment. Conclusion There is a paucity of research evaluating the effect of HL on diverse aspects of OAC treatments. There is a need to expand the evidence base regarding appropriate HL screening tools, determinants of adequate knowledge and optimal behaviours related to OAC self-management