Punto de dispersión: poéticas de la sospecha

El proyecto que presento a continuación se propone plantear –o surge de– una reflexión en torno a la forma en la que habitamos la ciudad y los espacios tecnológicos. A partir de determinadas experiencias e inquietudes personales, así como de diversas lecturas u obsesiones, he generado un conjunto de piezas audiovisuales que pretenden estimular la reflexión sobre cuestiones como la articulación del deseo, la sociedad del control, la visibilidad, la violencia, la representación, el ocio y otras preocupaciones que emergen en un discurso que es pretendidamente poliédrico y de referencias múltiples. Me planteo poner en práctica procesos de desidentificación que abran una compresión menos automatizada de nuestro entorno mediado por la tecnología y las imágenes. Estos procesos están marcados tanto por pulsiones y deseos personales como por una actitud fundamentada en la sospecha y desconfianza hacia aquello que captura mi subjetivida

Modulo scheduling for a fully-distributed clustered VLIW architecture

Clustering is an approach that many microprocessors are adopting in recent times in order to mitigate the increasing penalties of wire delays. We propose a novel clustered VLIW architecture which has all its resources partitioned among clusters, including the cache memory. A modulo scheduling scheme for this architecture is also proposed. This algorithm takes into account both register and memory inter-cluster communications so that the final schedule results in a cluster assignment that favors cluster locality in cache references and register accesses. It has been evaluated for both 2- and 4-cluster configurations and for differing numbers and latencies of inter-cluster buses. The proposed algorithm produces schedules with very low communication requirements and outperforms previous cluster-oriented schedulers.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

The effectiveness of loop unrolling for modulo scheduling in clustered VLIW architectures

Clustered organizations are becoming a common trend in the design of VLIW architectures. In this work we propose a novel modulo scheduling approach for such architectures. The proposed technique performs the cluster assignment and the instruction scheduling in a single pass, which is shown to be more effective than doing first the assignment and later the scheduling. We also show that loop unrolling significantly enhances the performance of the proposed scheduler especially when the communication channel among clusters is the main performance bottleneck. By selectively unrolling some loops, we can obtain the best performance with the minimum increase in code size. Performance evaluation for the SPECfp95 shows that the clustered architecture achieves about the same IPC (Instructions Per Cycle) as a unified architecture with the same resources. Moreover when the cycle time is taken into account, a 4-cluster configurations is 3.6 times faster than the unified architecture.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Fast, accurate and flexible data locality analysis

This paper presents a tool based on a new approach for analyzing the locality exhibited by data memory references. The tool is very fast because it is based on a static locality analysis enhanced with very simple profiling information, which results in a negligible slowdown. This feature allows the tool to be used for highly time-consuming applications and to include it as a step in a typical iterative analysis-optimization process. The tool can provide a detailed evaluation of the reuse exhibited by a program, quantifying and qualifying the different types of misses either globally or detailed by program sections, data structures, memory instructions, etc. The accuracy of the tool is validated by comparing its results with those provided by a simulator.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Flexible compiler-managed L0 buffers for clustered VLIW processors

Wire delays are a major concern for current and forthcoming processors. One approach to attack this problem is to divide the processor into semi-independent units referred to as clusters. A cluster usually consists of a local register file and a subset of the functional units, while the data cache remains centralized. However, as technology evolves, the latency of such a centralized cache increase leading to an important performance impact. In this paper, we propose to include flexible low-latency buffers in each cluster in order to reduce the performance impact of higher cache latencies. The reduced number of entries in each buffer permits the design of flexible ways to map data from L1 to these buffers. The proposed L0 buffers are managed by the compiler, which is responsible to decide which memory instructions make us of them. Effective instruction scheduling techniques are proposed to generate code that exploits these buffers. Results for the Mediabench benchmark suite show that the performance of a clustered VLIW processor with a unified L1 data cache is improved by 16% when such buffers are used. In addition, the proposed architecture also shows significant advantages over both MultiVLIW processors and clustered processors with a word-interleaved cache, two state-of-the-art designs with a distributed L1 data cache.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Virtual cluster scheduling through the scheduling graph

This paper presents an instruction scheduling and cluster assignment approach for clustered processors. The proposed technique makes use of a novel representation named the scheduling graph which describes all possible schedules. A powerful deduction process is applied to this graph, reducing at each step the set of possible schedules. In contrast to traditional list scheduling techniques, the proposed scheme tries to establish relations among instructions rather than assigning each instruction to a particular cycle. The main advantage is that wrong or poor schedules can be anticipated and discarded earlier. In addition, cluster assignment of instructions is performed using another novel concept called virtual clusters, which define sets of instructions that must execute in the same cluster. These clusters are managed during the deduction process to identify incompatibilities among instructions. The mapping of virtual to physical clusters is postponed until the scheduling of the instructions has finalized. The advantages this novel approach features include: (1) accurate scheduling information when assigning, and, (2) accurate information of the cluster assignment constraints imposed by scheduling decisions. We have implemented and evaluated the proposed scheme with superblocks extracted from Speclnt95 and MediaBench. The results show that this approach produces better schedules than the previous state-of-the-art. Speed-ups are up to 15%, with average speed-ups ranging from 2.5% (2-Clusters) to 9.5% (4-Clusters).Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

A unified modulo scheduling and register allocation technique for clustered processors

This work presents a modulo scheduling framework for clustered ILP processors that integrates the cluster assignment, instruction scheduling and register allocation steps in a single phase. This unified approach is more effective than traditional approaches based on sequentially performing some (or all) of the three steps, since it allows optimizing the global code generation problem instead of searching for optimal solutions to each individual step. Besides, it avoids the iterative nature of traditional approaches, which require repeated applications of the three steps until a valid solution is found. The proposed framework includes a mechanism to insert spill code on-the-fly and heuristics to evaluate the quality of partial schedules considering simultaneously inter-cluster communications, memory pressure and register pressure. Transformations that allow trading pressure on a type of resource for another resource are also included. We show that the proposed technique outperforms previously proposed techniques. For instance, the average speed-up for the SPECfp95 is 36% for a 4-cluster configuration.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Análisis de las alternativas terapéuticas del trastorno de pánico en atención primaria mediante un árbol de decisión

ResumenObjetivoAnalizar las diferentes estrategias terapéuticas para el trastorno de pánico, de forma que se facilite la toma de decisiones conjunta entre el profesional sanitario de atención primaria y el paciente.DiseñoAnálisis cuantitativo por árbol de decisión.Fuentes de datosRevisión del período de 1990 a 2008 en Medline, Embase, librería Cochrane Plus y Tripdatabase. Términos utilizados: “panic disorder”, “psychotherapy” y “drug therapy”.Selección de estudiosSumarios de pruebas, revisiones sistemáticas, metaanálisis y guías de práctica clínica.Extracción de datosa) Elaboración de un árbol de decisión con una única opción terapéutica; b) idéntico procedimiento con 2 opciones terapéuticas secuenciales, y c) análisis de sensibilidad para valorar la consistencia del modelo.ResultadosLa terapia cognitivo-conductual (TCC) obtiene la utilidad media esperada (UME) más elevada (UME = 0,58), seguida de los antidepresivos, inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de serotonina (ISRS) (UME = 0,53) y de los antidepresivos tricíclicos (UME = 0,44). La secuencia TCC seguida de ISRS es la que obtiene una UME más alta (0,62). EL análisis de sensibilidad indica que el modelo no es suficientemente consistente.ConclusionesLa TCC en monoterapia o seguida de ISRS como estrategia secuencial serían las opciones terapéuticas con una mayor utilidad. Los resultados no son suficientemente consistentes, puesto que pueden variar claramente con la modificación de las variables más importantes dentro de unos rangos razonables.AbstractAimsTo analyse the different therapeutic alternatives for Panic Disorders to make it easier to make collaborative treatment decisions between patients and doctors in a Primary Care setting.DesignQuantitative analysis by a decision tree.Data SourcesTime period reviewed; 1990–2008 in Med-line, Embase, Cochrane-plus Library and Tripdatabase. Terms used “panic disorder”, “psychotherapy” and “drug therapy”.MethodsI) A decision tree was prepared with only one therapeutic option in each arm; II) The same procedure with two sequential therapeutic options; III) Sensitivity analysis to test the robustness of the model.Study selectionEvidence summary, systematic reviews, meta-analysis and clinical guidelines.ResultsCognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT) obtains the highest usefulness (UME=0.58), followed by the Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) (UME=0.53) and by the tricyclic antidepressants (UME=0.44). CBT followed by SSRI is the therapeutic sequence with the highest usefulness (0.62). The sensitivity analysis suggests the model is not robust enough.ConclusionsThe CBT in monotherapy or followed by SSRI in a sequential strategy would be the options with the highest usefulness. The results are not robust enough because they can clearly vary with changes in the most important variables in a reasonable range

Effects of Cyclodextrin Type on Vitamin C, Antioxidant Activity, and Sensory Attributes of a Mandarin Juice Enriched with Pomegranate and Goji Berries

The effects of the addition of cyclodextrins (CDs), β-CD, or HP-β-CD (1%), on the protection of antioxidant compounds of mandarin juices enriched with pomegranate extract and goji berries juice, was studied. Juices were prepared and after their thermal treatment (98 ◦C, 30 s) they were stored at 4 ◦C during 75 d. Vitamin C content, CIE L∗a∗b∗ color, antioxidant capacity, retinol equivalents, and sensory properties were studied. Losses on vitamin C were higher (6%) for juices with β-CD than juices with HP-β-CD. Retinol equivalents degradation was lower (3.4%) in juices with HP-β-cyclodextrins than in those treated with β-CD. Lower losses were observed for the instrumental and sensory color intensity in juices with HP-β-CD addition. Finally, the antioxidant capacity was also higher in juices treated with HP-β-CD. Finally, the overall sensory quality of juices with HP-β-CD was the best one after 30 d of cold storage. Even though β-CD addition did not cause any improvement compared with control juice (without CD addition), the benefits of adding HP-β-CD to this particular juice were shown in almost all parameters under study.Ciencias de la Alimentació

Level and diffusion of technology in the Andalusian industry (1980–1995)

The degree of economic development of any region is usually related to different factors. One of the most important is the technological level associated to the productive sectors. The technological level must be measured, not only by the appearance of new products and production processes (generation), but also by the possibility of including these products and processes inside the firm (adoption/diffusion). This idea means that both, generation and diffusion of technology occupy a central position in the production system of any region, and especially in some places where the SME´s are a relevant majority. One of the main targets of technological policy is the development of the technological level of the firms and by extent of the region as a whole. So it is relevant to design and study the evolution of an indicator that measures this objective. There are several ways to study the technological level of a region or of a specific economic sector. In this paper, we will follow the methodology of Input-Output Analysis that make possible a more detailed study. In this paper we are interested in investigating the relationship between the industries at the regional level of Andalusia and compared with the country as a whole. The period of analysis is 1980-1995. Our first target is to specify the input side in the innovation process by means of variables such as R&D spends, industrial employment in the R&D activities, human capital, etc., both as a whole and as share of GPD. The second step is related to the analysis of output data, characterised mainly by technological indexes (Saez, 1992) and de evolution of potentially innovative industrial sectors, which include sectors that use mainly high technological inputs and spread technology among the whole economy. The third step is concerned with study of the evolution of the Intermediate Input Requirements and Employment Requirements of every industrial sector and of the regional econom