Influencia de un programa de ludoteca para la salud mental y la convivencia, en la resolución de problemas, habilidades de relación interpersonal y convivencia escolar de jóvenes de grado octavo y noveno de un colegio público en Pereira

La presente investigación hace parte de una macro-investigación en Salud mental positiva, coordinada por el grupo de investigación en Cultura de la Salud, semillero de investigación en Recreación FACIES; la financiación de la misma la asignó la Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Extensión de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira en la convocatoria 2009 y desarrollada en el año 2010. El diseño fue corte cuasi experimental y buscó identificar los efectos de un programa de Ludotecas para la Salud Mental y la Convivencia en la Salud Mental Positiva y La Intimidación Escolar; en este trabajo de grado se analizó la Salud Mental Positiva en general y los factores de Resolución de Problemas y Habilidades de Relación Interpersonal así mismo como los indicadores de Convivencia Escolar. La población participante de la investigación fue de 141 estudiantes de grados octavo y noveno de dos colegios públicos de la ciudad de Pereira, (uno de trabajo y otro de control), el 58% de los estudiantes fueron de género masculino y un 42% femenino; las edades oscilaban entre los 12 y los 18 años; para la evaluación se aplicó la Escala para evaluar la Salud mental Positiva validada por María Teresa Lluch Canut en su tesis Doctoral y el Cuestionario para mejorar el conocimiento sobre uno mismo y sobre las relaciones con los demás de Jordi Collell y Carmen Escudé,2003; adaptado por Cano, 2010. Los grupos fueron seleccionados intencionalmente de acuerdo a las dificultades de convivencia escolar percibidas por los Directivos de las Instituciones. Para desarrollar la intervención, se tuvieron en cuenta 4 grupos de 8 y 9, 2 de la jornada de la mañana y 2 de la tarde. Con estos grupos se implementó el Programa de ludoteca para la Salud Mental y la Convivencia Escolar que constaba de 12 sesiones de 2 horas cada una, 2 veces en la semana; para la realización de las intervenciones se contaba con un protocolo definido a partir de la teoría de salud mental positiva y habilidades para la convivencia, las cuales fueron adaptadas a las necesidades observadas en cada grupo. Los principales hallazgos encontrados fueron diferencias significativas en Salud mental positiva entre grupo de trabajo 9 tarde con una p=0.010, grupo de trabajo 8 mañana con una p=0.002 - grupo 9 mañana con una p= 0.033; para el test de Convivencia Escolar se observaron diferencias significativas comparando cada grupo consigo mismo, total grupo trabajo con una p=0.044; grupo 8 mañana pretest - postest con una p=0.034; grupo 8 tarde con una p=0.006; además se observaron diferencias en la comparación del grupo de trabajo 9 tarde pretest - postest con una p=0.003. Las diferencias significativas se presentan cuando los resultados (p) son por debajo de 0,05 estadísticamente

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Obstetricia integral siglo XXI. Tomo I

El libro Obstetricia integral siglo XXI. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, se trata de una revisión, actual y profunda, de los principales tópicos en el área de la obstetricia, realizada por un grupo interdisciplinario de autores comprometidos con el mejoramiento de la calidad en el cuidado de la salud de la mujer gestante. Se ha procurado un balance entre los aspectos básicos de fisiopatología y las guías de atención clínica soportadas en evidencias científicas, con el ánimo de brindarle al lector un equilibrio entre las bases biopsico¬sociales de la salud y la enfermedad y los aspectos prácticos de la atención clínica. Así mismo, se incluyen temas novedosos. / Contenido. Preliminares; Capítulo 1 - Embriogénesis, la genética y la biología del desarrollo; Capítulo 2 - Adaptación biológica al embarazo; Capítulo. 3 - Adaptaciones endocrinológicas durante la gestación; Capítulo 4 - El cuidado previo a la concepción; Capítulo 5 -El control prenatal; Capítulo 6 - Nomenclatura obstétrica, trabajo de parto y parto eutócico. Guías de atención basadas en evidencias; Capítulo - 7. Embarazo en la adolescencia; Capítulo 8 - Aspectos nutricionales en la gestación; Capítulo 9. - Diabetes gestacional; Capítulo 10 - Hipotiroidismo y embarazo; Cap. 11. Hipotiroidismo congénito; Capítulo 12 - Hipertiroidismo durante la gestación y tiroiditis posparto; Capítulo 13 - Sífilis en la gestación; Cap. 14. Toxoplasmosis y embarazo; Capítulo 15 - Infección por el vih en la mujer; Cap. 16. Infección urinaria y gestación; Capítulo 17 - Embarazo e infecciones cérvico-vaginales; Capítulo 18 - Abdomen agudo durante el embarazo; Capítulo 19 - Traumatismo y embarazo; Capítulo 20 - Cuidado crítico en el embarazo; Capítulo 21 - Seguridad de la paciente en ginecología y obstetricia; Capítulo 22 - Violencia contra la mujer; Capítulo 23 - Mortalidad materna

Correlated event-by-event fluctuations of flow harmonics in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV

We report the measurements of correlations between event-by-event fluctuations of amplitudes of anisotropic flow harmonics in nucleus-nucleus collisions, obtained for the first time using a new analysis method based on multiparticle cumulants in mixed harmonics. This novel method is robust against systematic biases originating from non-flow effects and by construction any dependence on symmetry planes is eliminated. We demonstrate that correlations of flow harmonics exhibit a better sensitivity to medium properties than the individual flow harmonics. The new measurements are performed in Pb-Pb collisions at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of sNN−−−√=2.76 TeV by the ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The centrality dependence of correlation between event-by-event fluctuations of the elliptic, v2, and quadrangular, v4, flow harmonics, as well as of anti-correlation between v2 and triangular, v3, flow harmonics are presented. The results cover two different regimes of the initial state configurations: geometry-dominated (in mid-central collisions) and fluctuation-dominated (in the most central collisions). Comparisons are made to predictions from MC-Glauber, viscous hydrodynamics, AMPT and HIJING models. Together with the existing measurements of individual flow harmonics the presented results provide further constraints on initial conditions and the transport properties of the system produced in heavy-ion collisions

Measurement of transverse energy at midrapidity in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV

We report the transverse energy (ET) measured with ALICE at midrapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√ = 2.76 TeV as a function of centrality. The transverse energy was measured using identified single particle tracks. The measurement was cross checked using the electromagnetic calorimeters and the transverse momentum distributions of identified particles previously reported by ALICE. The results are compared to theoretical models as well as to results from other experiments. The mean ET per unit pseudorapidity (η), ⟨dET/dη⟩, in 0-5% central collisions is 1737 ± 6(stat.) ± 97(sys.) GeV. We find a similar centrality dependence of the shape of ⟨dET/dη⟩ as a function of the number of participating nucleons to that seen at lower energies. The growth in ⟨dET/dη⟩ at the LHC sNN−−−√ exceeds extrapolations of low energy data. We observe a nearly linear scaling of ⟨dET/dη⟩ with the number of quark participants. With the canonical assumption of a 1 fm/c formation time, we estimate that the energy density in 0-5% central Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√ = 2.76 TeV is 12.3 ± 1.0 GeV/fm3\xspace and that the energy density at the most central 80 fm2 of the collision is at least 21.5 ± 1.7 GeV/fm3. This is roughly 2.3 times that observed in 0-5% central Au-Au collisions at sNN−−−√ = 200 GeV

Elliptic flow of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at mid-rapidity in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV

The elliptic flow of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.7) is measured in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=2.76 TeV with ALICE at the LHC. The particle azimuthal distribution with respect to the reaction plane can be parametrized with a Fourier expansion, where the second coefficient (v2) represents the elliptic flow. The v2 coefficient of inclusive electrons is measured in three centrality classes (0-10%, 10-20% and 20-40%) with the event plane and the scalar product methods in the transverse momentum (pT) intervals 0.5-13 GeV/c and 0.5-8 GeV/c, respectively. After subtracting the background, mainly from photon conversions and Dalitz decays of neutral mesons, a positive v2 of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays is observed in all centrality classes, with a maximum significance of 5.9σ in the interval 2< pT < 2.5 GeV/c in semi-central collisions (20-40%). The value of v2 decreases towards more central collisions at low and intermediate pT (0.5 < pT < 3 GeV/c). The v2 of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at mid-rapidity is found to be similar to the one of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at forward rapidity (2.5 < y < 4). The results are described within uncertainties by model calculations including substantial elastic interactions of heavy quarks with an expanding strongly-interacting medium

Centrality dependence of the charged-particle multiplicity density at midrapidity in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV

The pseudorapidity density of charged particles (dNch/dη) at mid-rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions has been measured at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of sNN−−−√ = 5.02 TeV. It increases with centrality and reaches a value of 1943±54 in |η|<0.5 for the 5% most central collisions. A rise in dNch/dη as a function of sNN−−−√ for the most central collisions is observed, steeper than that observed in proton-proton collisions and following the trend established by measurements at lower energy. The centrality dependence of dNch/dη as a function of the average number of participant nucleons, ⟨Npart⟩, calculated in a Glauber model, is compared with the previous measurement at lower energy. A constant factor of about 1.2 describes the increase in 2⟨Npart⟩⟨dNch/dη⟩ from sNN−−−√ = 2.76 TeV to sNN−−−√ = 5.02 TeV for all centrality intervals, within the measured range of 0-80% centrality. The results are also compared to models based on different mechanisms for particle production in nuclear collisions

Centrality dependence of ψ(2S) suppression in p-Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV

The inclusive production of the ψ(2S) charmonium state was studied as a function of centrality in p-Pb collisions at the nucleon-nucleon center of mass energy sNN−−−√ = 5.02 TeV at the CERN LHC. The measurement was performed with the ALICE detector in the center of mass rapidity ranges −4.46<ycms<−2.96 and 2.03<ycms<3.53, down to zero transverse momentum, by reconstructing the ψ(2S) decay to a muon pair. The ψ(2S) production cross section σψ(2S) is presented as a function of the collision centrality, which is estimated through the energy deposited in forward rapidity calorimeters. The relative strength of nuclear effects on the ψ(2S) and on the corresponding 1S charmonium state J/ψ is then studied by means of the double ratio of cross sections [σψ(2S)/σJ/ψ]pPb/[σψ(2S)/σJ/ψ]pp between p-Pb and pp collisions, and by the values of the nuclear modification factors for the two charmonium states. The results show a large suppression of ψ(2S) production relative to the J/ψ at backward rapidity, corresponding to the flight direction of the Pb-nucleus, while at forward rapidity the suppressions of the two states are comparable. Finally, comparisons to results from lower energy experiments and to available theoretical models are presented

Charge-dependent flow and the search for the Chiral Magnetic Wave in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV

We report on measurements of a charge-dependent flow using a novel three-particle correlator with ALICE in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC, and discuss the implications for observation of local parity violation and the Chiral Magnetic Wave (CMW) in heavy-ion collisions. Charge-dependent flow is reported for different collision centralities as a function of the event charge asymmetry. While our results are in qualitative agreement with expectations based on the CMW, the nonzero signal observed in higher harmonics correlations indicates a possible significant background contribution. We also present results on a differential correlator, where the flow of positive and negative charges is reported as a function of the mean charge of the particles and their pseudorapidity separation. We argue that this differential correlator is better suited to distinguish the differences in positive and negative charges expected due to the CMW and the background effects, such as local charge conservation coupled with strong radial and anisotropic flow