Recent and ongoing transformations of the Nevado Coropuna tropical cryosphere (Central Andes): the Ground-Penetrating Radar perspective

The evaluation of presence and origin of ground-ice in the non-glaciated peripheral areas of Nevado Corpuna can contribute to a more refined estimation of its real extent, as well as of the ongoing and recent transformation processes (i.e. permafrost aggradation/degradation). We carried out GPR surveys in sectors immediately outside the glacial tongues which diverge from the glaciated area, both on rock glaciers and debris-covered glaciers. The data acquisition was made with an unshielded antenna operating at a central frequency of 25 MHz, and according longitudinal and cross profiles. We defined a processing sequence particularly effective in removing in air-reflections generated by isolated blocks on the surface, and the numerous point-source diffractions. The signal-to-noise ratio consents a data imaging interpretable up to 25-30 m of depth, according to the estimated velocity of GPR waves propagation. In some sectors we calibrated the GPR data (depth and reflection amplitude) with those obtained from Vertical Electric Sounding. The rock glaciers examined show a reflective pattern consistent with a permafrost that extends from 2-4 m to more than 20 m depth. The GPR reflections also depict a permafrost stratigraphic architecture, and potential deformation structures in the frozen layers (i.e. shear planes). The GPR profiles made on debris-covered glaciers show a high-amplitude reflection consistent with the presence of near-surface (2-3 m depth) (sedimentary) ice, which in depth exhibits a radar facies less characterized by reflection events than those of rock glaciers. Also in this case an ice stratigraphy and potential deformation features in layers highly rich in ice are visible. The GPR data allowed a view of ice-ground presence in the ice-free areas in Nevado Coropuna and can be integrated with the glaciological evolution of the last decades to build a forecasting model that considers the transformation from clean-ice to debris-covered glacier or permafrost landforms

Effects of Caffeine Ingestion on Physical Performance in Elite Women Handball Players: A Randomized, Controlled Study.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of acute caffeine (CAFF) intake on physical performance in elite women handball players. Methods: A total of 15 elite women handball players participated in a randomized, double-blind study. In 2 different trials, participants ingested either a placebo (cellulose) or 3 mg of CAFF per kilogram of body mass (mg/kg bm) before undergoing a battery of neuromuscular tests consisting of handball throws, an isometric handgrip strength test, a countermovement jump, a 30-m sprint test (SV) and a modified version of the agility T test. Then, participants performed a simulated handball game (2 × 20 min), and movement patterns were recorded with a local positioning system. Results: Compared with the placebo, CAFF increased ball velocity in all ball throws (P = .021–.044; effect size [ES] = 0.39–0.49), strength in isometric handgrip strength test (350.8 [41.2] vs 361.6 [46.1] N, P = .034; ES = 0.35), and countermovement-jump height (28.5 [5.5] vs 29.8 [5.5] cm; P = .006; ES = 0.22). In addition, CAFF decreased running time in the SV (4.9 [0.2] vs 4.8 [0.3] s; P = .042; ES = −0.34). In the simulated game, CAFF increased the frequency of accelerations (18.1 [1.2] vs 18.8 [1.0] number/min; P = .044; ES = 0.54), decelerations (18.0 [1.2] vs 18.7 [1.0] number/min; P = .032; ES = 0.56), and body impacts (20 [8] vs 22 [10] impacts/min; P = .032; ES = 0.30). However, postexercise surveys about self-reported feelings of performance indicate that players did not feel increased performance with CAFF. Conclusion: Preexercise ingestion of 3 mg/kg bm of CAFF improved ball-throwing velocity, jump, and sprint performance and the frequency of in-game accelerations and decelerations in elite women handball players.pre-print676 K

Modelo hipsométrico de la deglaciación futura de la Cuenca Paltay (Cordillera Blanca, Perú)

Este trabajo es un ensayo para evaluar la deglaciación de la cuenca Paltay (9°22’S; 77º22’W) en 2100, suponiendo cuatro escenarios de calentamiento global para ese año: +1 °C, +2 °C, +3 °C y +4 °C. El ensayo se realizó a lo largo de cuatro fases: Fase 1) Cálculo del BR en un glaciar de referencia, Artesonraju (8°56’S; 77º38’W), próximo al área de estudio de este trabajo. Dicho cálculo se realizó mediante el producto BR=b·z·s, donde BR es el Balance Ratio; b el balance de masa 2004-2014 (mm) medido en el campo; z la altitud media (m s.n.m.) y s la superficie (m2 ) de cada banda altitudinal del glaciar (con intervalos de 100 m). De ese modo se estimó un valor BR=2.3. Fase 2) Delimitación de los glaciares de la cuenca Paltay en 2016 y reconstrucción de su altitud de la línea de equilibrio (ELA, msnm). Con esa finalidad se utilizó la herramienta programada por Pellitero et al (2015), que indicó como resultado ELA2016=5189 m. Fase 3) Cálculo de las ELAs de los glaciares de la cuenca Paltay en 2100, correspondientes a cada incremento hipotético de temperatura. Se dedujeron despejando la ecuación de Porter et al., (1995): ∆T (°C)= ∆ELA·GVT, donde ∆T es la variación de la temperatura del aire (°C); ∆ELA la variación de la ELA 2016-2100 y GVT es el gradiente vertical de la temperatura del aire, empleando el valor global medio de la Tierra (0.065 °C/m). Con ese método se obtuvieron las siguientes estimaciones: ELA2100(+1 °C)=5342 m; ELA2100(+2 °C)=5496 m; ELA2100(+3 °C)=5650 m y ELA2100(+4 °C)=5804 m. Fase 4) Realización de 10 iteraciones regresivas para cada ELA2100, que permitieron calcular los siguientes porcentajes de reducción de superficie de los glaciares de la cuenca Paltay (en 2100 con respecto a 2016): 31% para +1 °C; 85% para +2 °C; 89% para +3 °C y 95% para +4 °C. La validación del método requerirá realizar nuevos ensayos en otras áreas de estudio

Transferencia de los resultados de Trabajos Fin de Grado y Máster a la docencia -TF-Transfer

Depto. de GeografíaFac. de Geografía e HistoriaFALSEsubmitte

Virtualizing university teaching through Open Educational Resources by means of ArcGIS Online (REARGOL)

La pandemia provocada por el virus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID19) ha demostrado la necesidad de acelerar la digitalización de la docencia universitaria. Las herramientas digitales para la transferencia ciencia-educación, que ya eran esenciales para asegurar la calidad de la docencia presencial, se han transformado en imprescindibles cuando las circunstancias han impuesto la docencia virtual. El proyecto REARGOL ha desarrollado y ensayado en ArcGIS online instrumentos para la virtualización de contenidos en asignaturas de grado y máster, sobre geomorfología, gestión de desastres, patrimonio natural y patrimonio cultural. Ha sido un ensayo piloto, replicable en todas las titulaciones y temáticas susceptibles de generar información geoespacial (prácticamente todos los títulos y áreas de conocimiento). El único límite es la imaginación. El proyecto ha priorizado la participación de estudiantes de grado, máster y doctorado, que han desarrollado 4 tipos de aplicaciones: Mapas Web y Web AppBuilder (visores cartográficos interactivos), encuestas Survey 123 (formularios recogida de datos), Cuadros de Mandos (plataformas online que permiten combinar varias aplicaciones) y Story Maps (presentaciones para mostrar conjuntamente información y aplicaciones ArcGIS online). Las aplicaciones que se ensayaron con éxito durante el curso 2020-2021, en asignaturas de grado y máster, así como en TFMs y TFGs, continúan utilizándose en el curso 2021-2022.The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID19) pandemic has shown the urgent need to improve university teaching. Digital resources for Science-Education transfer, which already were crucial for ensuring the quality of face-to-face teaching, turned to be indispensable when the health crisis forced virtual teaching. The REARGOL project has developed and tested ArcGIS Online tools for the virtualization of Bachelor’s and Master’s courses focused on geomorphology, natural disaster management, and natural and cultural heritage. This has been a preliminary test that could be applied to all undergraduate and postgraduate degrees, that can produce geospatial information in all knowledge areas. Imagination is the only constraint. The project has prioritized the participation of undergraduate and postgraduate students (Master and PhD). The project has priorized the participation of undergraduate and postgraduate (Master’s and PhD) students. They have developed four types of applications: Web Maps and Web AppBuilder (interactive cartographical viewers), Survey 123 (data collection forms), Dashboards (online platforms allowing to combine several applications) and Story Maps (presentations for displaying information and ArcGIS online applications). The tools successfully tested during the 2020-2021 academic year are still being used in the current one, in Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees, as well as in Bachelor’s and Master’s final dissertations.Depto. de GeografíaFac. de Geografía e HistoriaFALSEsubmitte

Paisajes comerciales y turismo II: Virtualización de casos de estudio para el aprendizaje autónomo del estudiante (191)

El proyecto tiene como objetivo realizar casos de estudio de paisajes comerciales derivados/ generados por el turismo. Los ejemplos serán virtualizados y servirán de modelo para facilitar al profesorado y alumnado su utilización y consultaDepto. de GeografíaFac. de Geografía e HistoriaFALSEsubmitte

Poor phenotype-genotype association in a large series of patients with Type III Bartter syndrome

<div><p>Introduction</p><p>Type III Bartter syndrome (BS) is an autosomal recessive renal tubule disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the <i>CLCNKB</i> gene, which encodes the chloride channel protein ClC-Kb. In this study, we carried out a complete clinical and genetic characterization in a cohort of 30 patients, one of the largest series described. By comparing with other published populations, and considering that 80% of our patients presented the p.Ala204Thr Spanish founder mutation presumably associated with a common phenotype, we aimed to test the hypothesis that allelic differences could explain the wide phenotypic variability observed in patients with type III BS.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Clinical data were retrieved from the referral centers. The exon regions and flanking intronic sequences of the <i>CLCNKB</i> gene were screened for mutations by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by direct Sanger sequencing. Presence of gross deletions or duplications in the region was checked for by MLPA and QMPSF analyses.</p><p>Results</p><p>Polyuria, polydipsia and dehydration were the main common symptoms. Metabolic alkalosis and hypokalemia of renal origin were detected in all patients at diagnosis. Calciuria levels were variable: hypercalciuria was detected in 31% of patients, while 23% had hypocalciuria. Nephrocalcinosis was diagnosed in 20% of the cohort. Two novel <i>CLCNKB</i> mutations were identified: a small homozygous deletion (c.753delG) in one patient and a small deletion (c.1026delC) in another. The latter was present in compound heterozygosis with the already previously described p.Glu442Gly mutation. No phenotypic association was obtained regarding the genotype.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>A poor correlation was found between a specific type of mutation in the <i>CLCNKB</i> gene and type III BS phenotype. Importantly, two <i>CLCNKB</i> mutations not previously described were found in our cohort.</p></div

Poor phenotype-genotype association in a large series of patients with Type III Bartter syndrome

Altres ajuts: Departamento de Salud del Gobierno Vasco (2014111064) i Departamento de Educación del Gobierno Vasco (IT795-13)Type III Bartter syndrome (BS) is an autosomal recessive renal tubule disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the CLCNKB gene, which encodes the chloride channel protein ClC-Kb. In this study, we carried out a complete clinical and genetic characterization in a cohort of 30 patients, one of the largest series described. By comparing with other published populations, and considering that 80% of our patients presented the p.Ala204Thr Spanish founder mutation presumably associated with a common phenotype, we aimed to test the hypothesis that allelic differences could explain the wide phenotypic variability observed in patients with type III BS. Methods. Clinical data were retrieved from the referral centers. The exon regions and flanking intronic sequences of the CLCNKB gene were screened for mutations by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by direct Sanger sequencing. Presence of gross deletions or duplications in the region was checked for by MLPA and QMPSF analyses. Results. Polyuria, polydipsia and dehydration were the main common symptoms. Metabolic alkalosis and hypokalemia of renal origin were detected in all patients at diagnosis. Calciuria levels were variable: hypercalciuria was detected in 31% of patients, while 23% had hypocalciuria. Nephrocalcinosis was diagnosed in 20% of the cohort. Two novel CLCNKB mutations were identified: a small homozygous deletion (c.753delG) in one patient and a small deletion (c.1026delC) in another. The latter was present in compound heterozygosis with the already previously described p.Glu442Gly mutation. No phenotypic association was obtained regarding the genotype. Conclusion. A poor correlation was found between a specific type of mutation in the CLCNKB gene and type III BS phenotype. Importantly, two CLCNKB mutations not previously described were found in our cohort