1,948 research outputs found
On the calculation of percentile-based bibliometric indicators
Get PDFA percentile-based bibliometric indicator is an indicator that values
publications based on their position within the citation distribution of their
field. The most straightforward percentile-based indicator is the proportion of
frequently cited publications, for instance the proportion of publications that
belong to the top 10% most frequently cited of their field. Recently, more
complex percentile-based indicators were proposed. A difficulty in the
calculation of percentile-based indicators is caused by the discrete nature of
citation distributions combined with the presence of many publications with the
same number of citations. We introduce an approach to calculating
percentile-based indicators that deals with this difficulty in a more
satisfactory way than earlier approaches suggested in the literature. We show
in a formal mathematical framework that our approach leads to indicators that
do not suffer from biases in favor of or against particular fields of science
Bridging Physics and Biology Teaching through Modeling
Get PDFAs the frontiers of biology become increasingly interdisciplinary, the
physics education community has engaged in ongoing efforts to make physics
classes more relevant to life sciences majors. These efforts are complicated by
the many apparent differences between these fields, including the types of
systems that each studies, the behavior of those systems, the kinds of
measurements that each makes, and the role of mathematics in each field.
Nonetheless, physics and biology are both sciences that rely on observations
and measurements to construct models of the natural world. In the present
theoretical article, we propose that efforts to bridge the teaching of these
two disciplines must emphasize shared scientific practices, particularly
scientific modeling. We define modeling using language common to both
disciplines and highlight how an understanding of the modeling process can help
reconcile apparent differences between the teaching of physics and biology. We
elaborate how models can be used for explanatory, predictive, and functional
purposes and present common models from each discipline demonstrating key
modeling principles. By framing interdisciplinary teaching in the context of
modeling, we aim to bridge physics and biology teaching and to equip students
with modeling competencies applicable across any scientific discipline.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, 3 table
Worldwide Use and Impact of the NASA Astrophysics Data System Digital Library
Full text linkBy combining data from the text, citation, and reference databases with data
from the ADS readership logs we have been able to create Second Order
Bibliometric Operators, a customizable class of collaborative filters which
permits substantially improved accuracy in literature queries.
Using the ADS usage logs along with membership statistics from the
International Astronomical Union and data on the population and gross domestic
product (GDP) we develop an accurate model for world-wide basic research where
the number of scientists in a country is proportional to the GDP of that
country, and the amount of basic research done by a country is proportional to
the number of scientists in that country times that country's per capita GDP.
We introduce the concept of utility time to measure the impact of the
ADS/URANIA and the electronic astronomical library on astronomical research. We
find that in 2002 it amounted to the equivalent of 736 FTE researchers, or $250
Million, or the astronomical research done in France.
Subject headings: digital libraries; bibliometrics; sociology of science;
information retrievalComment: ADS bibcode: 2005JASIS..56...36K This is a portion (The bibliometric
properties of article readership information is the other part) of the
article: The NASA Astrophysics Data System: Sociology, bibliometrics and
impact, which went on-line in the summer of 200
National Scientific Performance Evolution Patterns: Retrenchment, Successful Expansion, or Overextension
Get PDFThis is an accepted manuscript of an article published by Taylor and Francis in Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology on 17/11/2017, available online: https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.23969
The accepted version of the publication may differ from the final published version.National governments would like to preside over an expanding and increasingly high impact science system but are these two goals largely independent or closely linked? This article investigates the relationship between changes in the share of the world’s scientific output and changes in relative citation impact for 2.6 million articles from 26 fields in the 25 countries with the most Scopus-indexed journal articles from 1996 to 2015. There is a negative correlation between expansion and relative citation impact but their relationship varies. China, Spain, Australia, and Poland were successful overall across the 26 fields, expanding both their share of the world’s output and its relative citation impact, whereas Japan, France, Sweden and Israel had decreased shares and relative citation impact. In contrast, the USA, UK, Germany, Italy, Russia, Netherlands, Switzerland, Finland, and Denmark all enjoyed increased relative citation impact despite a declining share of publications. Finally, India, South Korea, Brazil, Taiwan, and Turkey all experienced sustained expansion but a recent fall in relative citation impact. These results may partly reflect changes in the coverage of Scopus and the selection of fields
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