El impacto del maltrato infantil intrafamiliar en el desarrollo del niño

Trabajo fin de grado en EnfermeríaIntroducción: El maltrato infantil intrafamiliar (MII) ha existido en todas las culturas y épocas. Cualquier tipo de maltrato infantil puede producir una situación disfuncional y patológica que afecta al desarrollo del menor. Todas las personas son responsables del bienestar de la infancia, especialmente los profesionales sanitarios que se encuentran en una posición estratégica para la prevención y detección de la violencia a menores. Objetivo: Analizar la afectación del MII en el desarrollo del niño. Metodología: Se llevó a cabo una revisión narrativa mediante la búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos PUBMED, CINALH, Cuiden, SciELO, Scopus, Psycinfo y Cochrane. Se delimitaron las búsquedas a través de limitadores (fecha de publicación, idioma, edad) y criterios de inclusión (MII) y exclusión (Síndrome de Münchausen por poderes, violencia de pareja, maltrato prenatal, entre otros). Resultados: Se seleccionaron 25 artículos estableciendo cuatro categorías de análisis en relación con los objetivos específicos propuestos: consecuencias del MII, indicadores en función del tipo de maltrato perpetrado, importancia del entorno en la reducción de las consecuencias del MII y protocolos de enfermería para su detección. Conclusión: El MII produce consecuencias (lesiones físicas, déficits cognitivos, problemas de salud mental, trastornos de la conducta), afectando a las esferas del desarrollo del menor. Es importante conocer las consecuencias e indicadores del MII para su detección. Los profesionales enfermeros son capaces de detectarlo desde Atención Primaria y los Servicios de Urgencias Hospitalarias, a través de protocolos. Sin embargo, en España hay una falta de formación y protocolos que faciliten su detección.Introduction: Intrafamily child abuse has existed in all cultures and ages. Any type of child abuse can produce a dysfunctional and pathological situation that affects to the child’s development. Everybody should be responsible for childhood’s welfare, especially health providers who are in a strategic position to prevent and detect violence to minors. Objective: To analyse the impact of intrafamily child abuse in child’s development. Methodology: A narrative review was carried out by a bibliographic research in PUBMED, CINALH, Cuiden, SciELO, Scopus, Psycinfo and Cochrane databases. The researches were defined through limits (publication date, language, age) and inclusion (intrafamily child abuse) and exclusion criteria (Münchausen syndrome by proxy, intimate partner violence, prenatal mistreatment, among others). Results: 25 articles were selected establishing four categories of analysis in relation to the specific objectives proposed: consequences and indicators of domestic child mistreatment according to the type of abuse perpetrated, importance of environment in the reduction of child abuse consequences and nursing protocols for detection. Conclusion: Intrafamily child abuse produces consequences (physical injuries, cognitive deficit, mental health problems, behavioural disorders), affecting child’s development areas. It is important to know the consequences and indicators of intrafamily child abuse to detect it. Nurses are able to detect it through Primary Care and Hospital Emergency Services throughout protocols. However, in Spain there is a lack of training and protocols that facilitate its detection

The midwife in sexual and reproductive health of women through life histories

Objetivo: Obtener y analizar información de las mujeres residentes en el municipio de Murcia en el año 2010 sobre conceptos en salud sexual y reproductiva para incorporarlos al conocimiento de la disciplina matrona. Para implementar cuidados efectivos en las mujeres murcianas, las matronas necesitan conocer desde el propio discurso de estas, cuales son sus necesidades, modos y sabores entorno a su salud sexual y reproductiva. Método: La investigación que se plantea es de corte descriptivo con un enfoque cualitativo y desde una mirada antropológica enfermera y desde paradigmas epistemológicos construccionistas. Se seleccionó una muestra de cinco mujeres residentes en el municipio de Murcia atendiendo a criterios de muestreo por máxima variedad. La parte central de nuestro trabajo de campo la conforman las historias de vida realizadas a las cinco mujeres obteniendo los resultados a través de un análisis inductivo y posterior categorización de sus discursos. Resultados: Del análisis del discurso se obtienen como relevantes las siguientes categorías: 1- Conceptos en salud sexual y reproductiva (Relaciones sexuales/Decisión de maternidad/Vivencia de partos/ Miedos en el embarazo y maternidad). 2- Influencia cultural en salud sexual y reproductiva (Maternidad. La madre sacrificada: exaltación de la idea de maternidad). Conclusiones: La complejización de la sociedad, hace que la profesión matrona dinamice sus fundamentos entorno al conocimiento cultural de su objeto receptor de cuidados en salud sexual y reproductiva. Las mujeres son las protagonistas necesarias; solo a través de sus miradas nos vincularemos las matronas a sus vidas.Objective: Obtain and analyze information from women living in the municipality of Murcia in 2010 on concepts in sexual and reproductive health to incorporate the knowledge of midwives. To implement effective care for women in Murcia, midwives need to know from speaking for themselves, what are their needs, ways and flavors around their sexual and reproductive health. Method: The research raised is descriptive with a qualitative approach from an anthropological-nurse perspective from constructionist epistemological paradigms. A sample of five women, living in the municipality of Murcia, were selected, according to criteria of maximum variety sampling. The central part of our fieldwork consist in life stories of five women made to get the results through an inductive analysis and subsequent categorization of his speeches. Results: From discourse analysis obtained the following categories as relevant: 1. Concepts in sexual and reproductive health (sex / Decision Maternity/ Experience of delivery / Fear of pregnancy and maternity) 2. Cultural influences on sexual and reproductive health (Maternity. The sacrificing mother: exaltation of maternity) Conclusions: The growing complexity of society, makes the midwife profession energizes its foundations around the cultural knowledge of the object receiving care in sexual and reproductive health. Women are the protagonists necessary; only through their eyes we will link midwives to their lives

Connecting Social Enterprises and Sustainable Consumption: Systematic Review, Bibliometric Analysis, and Conceptual Framework

[Abstract]: The purpose of this study is to explore the meeting point between social enterprises (SEs) and sustainable consumption, given the proven potential of these hybrid organizations in the achievement of sustainable development. Paradoxically, scholarly attention has been scarce to this field of research, particularly from the perspectives of SE products and (potential) customers. Aiming to shed some light, a systematic literature review was conducted, resulting in 24 scientific publications descriptively and thematically explored based on a bibliometric analysis. The findings show that the link between SEs and sustainable consumption is very recent and that empirical articles using quantitative methodologies prevail focused on the analysis of capabilities and performances of SEs aiming to positively influence customers’ response. Nevertheless, the attention to the identification of product attributes and the individual determinants effective enough to press the buy button is still limited. In response to this shortcoming, the originality of this study consists of assembling the findings in this regard into an integrated conceptual framework that paves the way for future analysis in this field of studyMICINN National Project CO-CRESEO ; PID2019-109580RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/ 50110001103

Observational study of 67 wide platform implants treated with avantblast surface : results at three year

Objective: This paper shows the results of the clinical and radiographic behavior, at 3 years, of 67 wide platform implants undergoing prosthetic load. Study Design: This is an observational prospective study of 67 implants in 49 patients within the range of 54-69 years of age. Screening was performed after a radiological study with panoramic and tomographic radiographs followed by the implantological treatment with prosthetic load and clinical (15 days, 1, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months) and radiological control follow-up (6, 12, 24 and 36 months). Results: During the healing period 1 implant failed, representing a 98.5% survival. After placing the prosthesis, it was not necessary to remove any implant, therefore 66 implants remain successfully in place. Conclusions: The favorable results and follow-up after the prosthetic load of 66 implants (CSR of 100%) attest that wide platform implants can and should be applied after careful planning and case selection

Relación entre las emociones morales y el comportamiento psicopático

Esta investigación llevó a cabo una revisión de cinco artículos científicos relacionados con las emociones morales y el comportamiento psicopático. Inicialmente, se hizo una revisión del concepto de psicopatía desde las perspectivas: psiquiátrica, sociológica, criminológica y psicológica, además de las categorías nosológicas y los aspectos neurobiológicos que desencadenan la conducta psicopática. Las emociones morales se trabajaron desde el punto de vista de la neuropsicología. Luego de esto, se intento establecer la relación entre las emociones morales y el comportamiento psicopático, de acuerdo con los planteamientos de cada uno de los artículos revisados. A partir de la metodología bibliométrica, se encontraron los siguientes resultados: existe un vacío al momento de establecer conexiones entre emociones morales y psicopatía, ya que cada uno de los conceptos ha sido estudiado por separado. Sin embargo, se evidencian relaciones en cuanto a sus bases neurobiológicas, en la medida en que las estructuras cerebrales como la amígdala, el tálamo, la corteza prefrontal, la corteza orbitofrontal medial y la corteza dorsolateral se encuentran implicadas en el procesamiento de emociones morales y presentan cierta alteración en los individuos que padecen Trastorno Antisocial de la Personalidad, impidiendo el reconocimiento adecuado del componente moral y la realización de juicios morales.This investigation is grounded on the review of 5 scientific articles regarding moral emotion and psychopathic behaviour. The transactional comparison started with the fragmentation of the concept of psychopathy through the perspectives of psychiatry, sociology, criminalistics and psychology. Furthermore, disease categories and neurobiological traits were considered as triggers of psychopathic conducts. Moral emotions where approached from the neuropsychological point of view. Moreover and following the analysis of the academic journals selected, the relationship between moral emotions and psychopathic behaviour is stated. From the literature review, limitations appear due to a gap when establishing connections between moral emotions and psychopathy, due to the independent study of each concept. However results are uncovered when relationships on neurological bases are analysed. For instance, the amygdala, the thalamus, the frontal cortex, the orbitofrontal cortex and the dorsolateral cortex appear to be engaged when processing moral emotions. Therefore altering the moral behaviour and reasoning of individuals who suffer from Antisocial Personality Disorder.Psicólogo (a)Pregrad

Panoramic and tomographic implant studies : role in the diagnosis of sinus disorders

Objective: To study the presence of sinus disorders and their diagnosis based on clinical and radiographic findings, correlating their presence with tomography tests and panoramic radiography. Study design: We conducted a retrospective study on 152 patients who were seeking implant treatment, thereby allowing us to evaluate 42 patients who had abnormal sinuses. The patients underwent an evaluation of their medical history as well a clinical examination, panoramic radiography and tomographic study. Results: The average age of the patient was 59.8 years old, and 54.76% of the group were males and 45.23% were females. Prior respiratory disorders were present in 52.38% of the patients, and 57.3% of the group presented dental disorders. In assessing the type of wound, we observed that 73.21% were mucosal hyperplasia and 26.78% were mucous cysts. Of the 56 sinuses affected, only 28.57% were diagnosed using panoramic radiography. Conclusions: Panoramic radiography has limitations in the diagnosis of sinus disorders; computerized tomography (CT) remains the most effective diagnostic test

Meta-analysis of the increase in height in maxillary sinus elevations with osteotome

Objectives: To compare the different variations of sinus elevation techniques with osteotomes, to evaluate the increase in height achieved, and to quantify the osseointegration periods and the success rates for the implants placed. Study Design: A meta-analytic study with descriptive statistics was carried out on sinus elevations using oste-Design: osteotomes, analyzing a total of 11 articles published between the years 2003 and 2008. Results: Summers' classic technique for performing sinus elevations with osteotomes differs from the current techniques being used with respect to the use of drills, the manner in which the sinus floor is fractured and how the sinus membrane is lifted, and especially on the type of graft used-the most current tendency being not to use a graft. The maximum gain in height is 4.62 mm, and the minimum gain in height is 2.07 mm, starting with a maximum residual bone height of 8.8 mm and a minimum of 4.1 mm. The osseointegration period is 4.9 months and the success rate is 95.5%. Conclusions: Performing sinus elevations with osteotomes is a predictable technique that enables achieving an increase in bone height and successful results, similar to those of other techniques used, in the placement of implants. © Medicina Oral S. L

Meta-analisis of the etiology of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis

Objective: To identify and evaluate the frequency of the different odontogenic conditions that may lead to maxillary sinusitis. Study design: An observational and retrospective meta-analysis was carried out on 770 cases of maxillary sinusitis obtained from a literature review of 15 articles. Results: Maxillary sinusitis most commonly manifests itself as chronic maxillary sinusitis. It is more common in females and is most often diagnosed in the fifth decade of life. The teeth most predominantly affected are the molars, with the first molar tooth being the most frequently involved. The principal etiological factor is extraction

Pre-operative evaluation of the volume of bone graft in sinus lifts by means of CompuDent

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the usefulness of the CompuDent program in determining the pre-operative volume of bone graft in maxillary sinus floor lifts, and to calculate the volume of graft necessary for rehabilitation using varying lengths of implants. Study design: Based on the CompuDent program, we calculated the volume of graft necessary for 47 sinus lifts. This volume was measured in order to raise the floor of each sinus to 13.4 and 15 mm in height. Results: The average volume of graft in order to achieve a lift of 13?4 mm was 2.42 cm³ for the right maxillary sinus, with a range from 1.4 cm³ to 4.1 cm³, and 2.50 cm³ for the left maxillary sinus, with a range from 1.04 cm³ to 3.79 cm³. The average volume of graft in order to achieve a lift of 15 mm was 3.01 cm³ for the right maxillary sinus, with a range from 1.78 cm³ to 4.59 cm³, and 3.09 cm³ for the left maxillary sinus, with a range from 1.42 cm³ to 4.49 cm³. The statistical results provided by the Pearson Correlation show a significant inversely proportional correlation between the average of the heights and the volume of graft in the sinus. In addition, there is a clear correlation between the average volumes to be grafted for the respective heights 13.4 mm and 15 mm. Conclusions: The CompuDent program is an effective tool in determining the volume of bone graft given its simplicity, rapidness and possibility of standardization in all pre-surgical procedures

Deliberate donation of umbilical cord blood in the University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca (2010-2011). Current situation and influences of the obstetrical-foetal variables

Objetivos: A principios de 2010 el Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca puso en marcha, en el servicio de partos, el protocolo de donación voluntaria de sangre de cordón umbilical (SCU). Desde la reflexión y la autoevaluación, planteamos un análisis de nuestra situación actual a través del estudio de la influencia de las variables obstétrico-fetales en la calidad de las muestras. Métodos: Con este fin hemos planteado un trabajo de tipo observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo y de corte transversal desde mayo de 2010 a noviembre de 2011, con el objetivo de aumentar la calidad de las unidades de SCU y optar por una gestión eficiente que haga sostenible el proyecto. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 123 donaciones potenciales de sangre de cordón y del análisis multivariable de las mismas obtuvimos una correlación positiva significativa entre el número de leucocitos, las semanas de gestación y el parto vaginal. El peso inicial de la unidad se incrementó significativamente a mayor peso del recién nacido y paridad de la donante. Conclusiones: Como conclusiones del estudio nos planteamos esbozar posibles factores predictivos que permitan seleccionar las muestras de mayor calidad y sean complemento de los actuales estándares elaborados por el Banco Público de Málaga. En este sentido nuestros resultados sugieren que en los partos con más semanas de gestación, paridad de la gestante y peso del recién nacido, así como en los partos vaginales, encontramos mayores posibilidades de obtener muestras de alta calidad.Aims: At the beginning of 2010, the University Hospital la Arrixaca, set up the protocol, in the birth delivery service, of umbilical cord blood (U.C.B.) donation. From the reflexion and the self-evaluation, we set out an analysis of our current situation through the study of the influences of the obstetricalfoetal variables in the samples quality. Method: On this purpose, we set out an observational descriptive, retrospective and cross-section study from May 2010 to November 2011, so as to increase the quality of the UCB units and to opt for efficient management that would make the project sustainable. Results: We obtained 123 potential donations of umbilical cord blood and out of the multivariable analysis we obtained a positive and significant correlation between the number of leukocytes, the weeks of pregnancy and the vaginal birth. The initial weight of the unit significantly increased to a heavier weight of the new born and the amount of times a donor has given birth. Conclusions: As conclusions from this study we suggest to outline possible predictive factors that would allow us to select the best quality samples and would be a complement to the current standards produced by the Public Bank of Malaga. In this sense our results suggest that in the deliveries with more weeks of pregnancy, in the amount of times a woman has given birth and in the weight of the new born as well as in the vaginal deliveries we can find more possibilities of obtaining high quality samples