Changes in Education under the Influence of Digital Technologies: main Problems and Risk of Division

Digital technologies are rapidly changing the process of education. Online courses have become a common tool of gaining knowledge outside the university. Multimedia education, penetrating traditional educational institutions (schools, colleges, and universities), changes the structure of education and brings new elements to the communications during the educational process. This article considers one level of change in the model of education. On the one hand, there are advantages associated with the democratization of education. At the time of their foundation, universities were the creators of new elites – scientific and educational meanwhile, in the twenty-first century, the process of democratization and the accessibility of university education has been linked to the digitalization. On the other hand, territorial and other restrictions have been lifted. And this is a very controversial process that poses many challenges for students, one of the most noticeable of which is the lack of real contact with the teacher and the transformation of the educational process into an ”educational conveyor belt.” At the same time, personal contact with the teacher is becoming more expensive. The authors have collected studies that examine the dynamics of this emerging stratification of education. Based on the work of the pioneers in the study of digital education, the authors develop their ideas, focusing on the formation of the modern models of education, defined as affordable electronic and elite traditional. Keywords: online courses, online education, MOO

Численность евразийской рыси в горной тайге Южного Урала

The study aims to analyze the dynamics of the Eurasian lynx in the mountain taiga, and to search for the factors affecting the numbers of this predator. The study was conducted in the Southern Urals (Russia) from 2008 to 2019. The dynamics of lynx and its main prey numbers Capreolus pygargus, Lepus timidus and L. europaeus, Tetrao urogallus and Bonasa bonasia is based on the data obtained during the complex winter census (CWC). Annual CWCs were performed in Chelyabinsk Oblast with total area of 23.445.5 km². The hypotheses on the influence of snow depth on the number of lynx and the relationship between the dynamics of the predator and prey abundances were tested using regression method. The relationship between the number of lynx and snow depth were obtained using Spearman's coefficient. The number of lynxes varied from 51 to 281 individuals, population density - from 0.09 lynx/100 km2 to 0.48 lynx/100 km2. The lowest abundances were recorded in 2013 and 2016. In the winters of 2013 and 2016, the snow depth was 2.0-2.5 times greater than on average for long-term observations. However, no significant decrease in the number of the Siberian roe deer was observed in these years, while the number of lynxes decreased by 2 times compared to the previous years. No significant correlation was found between the abundance of lynxes and the Siberian roe deer, r = 0.25 ± 0.3. A negative relationship was found between the amount of precipitation and the winter number of lynxes (r = -0.717 ± 0.22; p ˂ 0.05). The amount of snow cover in the Southern Ural Mountains is an important factor affecting the distribution of ungulates. The snow depth may determine the lynx presence both directly and through the changes in the number of its main prey

Rahmenbedingungen der digitalen Auskunft in den russischen Bibliotheken der Gegenwart

Themen, die mit russischen Bibliotheken verbunden sind, sind im europäischen Bibliothekswesen nicht breit dargestellt. Diesem Defizit wird in diesem Artikel mit dem Schwerpunkt auf Aspekten der digitalen Auskunft und den entspr. Rahmenbedingungen begegnet. Die vorgestellten Rechercheergebnisse basieren auf zwei Interviews: Einem Interview mit Irina Salikhovna, der Leiterin der Abteilung für elektronische Projekte der Russischen Nationalbibliothek und einem Interview mit Irina N. Lapina, welche die stellvertretende Direktorin der Puschkin-Zentralbibliothek von Nowokuibyschewsk ist.The topics connected to Russian libraries are not widely represented in European librarianship. This deficit is met in this article with a focus on aspects of Digital Information Services and its framework conditions. The presented research results are based on two interviews: an interview with Irina Salikhovna, the head of the Department of Electronic Projects of the Russian National Library, and an interview with Irina N. Lapina, the deputy director of the Pushkin Central Library of Novokuibyshevsk.Peer Reviewe

Modernization of Traditional Educational Forms in the Context of Distance Learning

The research aims to reveal the contradictions and issues of higher education in the context of a rapid digital transformation related to the pandemic. We carry out a comparative analysis of students’ academic performance in traditional, distance, and mixed educational formats. Based on the analysis of the literature, teaching practice, and the survey conducted with students, we revealed that despite the visible increase in academic performance during online studying and mixed learning environment, issues regarding technical equipment, stable Internet connection, students’ non-involvement in the educational process, the change of their priorities in favor of part-time job or even the complete loss of communication with the university became more complicated. We conclude that improving the traditional educational form towards more effective ICT adaptation to lectures is crucial, including practical and laboratory classes. It is necessary to conduct classes in a digital format, despite the presence or absence of a pandemic. The mixed learning format will allow us to combine the advantages of traditional and distance learning

Determination of Upconversion Quantum Yields Using Charge-Transfer State Fluorescence of Heavy-Atom-Free Sensitizer as a Self-Reference

The efficiency of photon upconversion via triplet–triplet annihilation is characterized by an upconversion quantum yield (ΦUC); however, uncertainties remain for its determination. Here, we present a new approach for the relative measurement of ΦUC for green-to-blue upconversion using BODIPY–pyrene donor–acceptor dyad (BD1) as a heavy-atom-free triplet sensitizer. This new approach exploits broad fluorescence from a charge-transfer (CT) state of BD1, which possesses (i) a significant Stokes shift of 181 nm in dichloromethane and (ii) a comparably high CT-fluorescence quantum yield (Φref = 7.0 ± 0.2%), which is independent from oxygen presence and emitter (perylene) concentration while also exhibiting a linear intensity dependence. On the basis of this, we developed an upconversion reference using the BD1 sensitizer mixed with perylene (1 × 10–5 M/1 × 10–4 M) in dichloromethane. With this reference system, we investigated the performance of three BODIPY donor–acceptor dyads in the upconversion process and achieved one of the highest ΦUC of 6.9 ± 0.2% observed for heavy-atom-free sensitizers to date

Introduction of Project Management in Activity of Authorities of the Region as the Mechanism of Increase in its Investment Appeal

In article the retrospective analysis of introduction of design approach is presented to activity of public authorities, the best practicians of project management in regions of the Russian Federation are described, the interrelation between the level of development of project management in regional authorities and a condition of investment climate of regions is revealed. Authors consider key problems of introduction of project management in activity of executive authorities of subjects of the Russian Federation. Among them special attention is paid to a problem of a mismatch of documents of strategic planning, programming and projects, lack of a clear idea of organizational structure of management of design activity in authorities of regions, to the difficulties connected with shortage of competences in design management at executives and participants of projects, backwardness of system of motivations of participants of the project, considerable differentiation of regions on quality of standard and methodical maintenance of process of introduction of project management in activity of executive authorities of territorial subjects of the federation

Modelando las operaciones de una empresa basadas en la ideología marginal

El artículo explora el tema de actualidad del modelado de operaciones empresariales con el uso del análisis marginal. La economía de mercado se caracteriza por la mayor inestabilidad del complejo sistema socioeconómico, que es casi imposible de comprender y estudiar por completo. Las empresas se enfrentan a una intensa competencia. Una adecuada toma de decisiones de gestión requiere evaluaciones exhaustivas en profundidad de la situación ypronósticos fiables. Una empresa que hace pronósticos correctos obtiene ganancias adicionales en comparación con una que se abstiene de pronosticar. Mientras tanto, una empresa que hace un pronóstico incorrecto es la que más pierde. Las decisiones gerenciales a menudo se basan en un análisis de equilibrio, i. e., análisis marginal. Este documento explora ejemplos en los que, incluso en los casos en que se toman decisiones desventajosas (como se muestra en el análisis de equilibrio), el entorno puede conducir a resultados positivos, i. e., al menos una ganancia moderada, a través de la validación de la decisión gerencial mediante análisis y cálculos adicionales. Se utilizaron los métodos de indagación, análisis retrospectivo y documental, así como síntesis, generalización y sistematizació

Modelando las operaciones de una empresa basadas en la ideología marginal

The paper explores the topical subject of modeling enterprise operations with the use of marginal analysis. The market economy is characterised by the heightened instability of the complex socioeconomic system, which is almost impossible to fully grasp and study. Businesses face intense competition. Adequate managerial decision-making requires in-depth comprehensive assessments of the situation and reliable forecasting. A firm that makes correct forecasts gains additional profit compared to one abstaining from forecasting. Meanwhile, a firm making an incorrect forecast loses most of all. Managerial decisions often rely on break-even analysis, i. e., marginal analysis. This paper explores examples where even in cases when disadvantageous choices are made (as shown by break-even analysis), the setting can still lead to positive results, i. e., at least a moderate profit, through the validation of the managerial decision by further analysis and calculations. The methods of enquiry, retrospective and document analysis, as well as synthesis, generalisation and systematisation were used.El artículo explora el tema de actualidad del modelado de operaciones empresariales con el uso del análisis marginal. La economía de mercado se caracteriza por la mayor inestabilidad del complejo sistema socioeconómico, que es casi imposible de comprender y estudiar por completo. Las empresas se enfrentan a una intensa competencia. Una adecuada toma de decisiones de gestión requiere evaluaciones exhaustivas en profundidad de la situación y pronósticos fiables. Una empresa que hace pronósticos correctos obtiene ganancias adicionales en comparación con una que se abstiene de pronosticar. Mientras tanto, una empresa que hace un pronóstico incorrecto es la que más pierde. Las decisiones gerenciales a menudo se basan en un análisis de equilibrio, i. e., análisis marginal. Este documento explora ejemplos en los que, incluso en los casos en que se toman decisiones desventajosas (como se muestra en el análisis de equilibrio), el entorno puede conducir a resultados positivos, i. e., al menos una ganancia moderada, a través de la validación de la decisión gerencial mediante análisis y cálculos adicionales. Se utilizaron los métodos de indagación, análisis retrospectivo y documental, así como síntesis, generalización y sistematización

Sustainability of the regional financial system: a case study of the Northwestern Federal District

[EN] This article provides an assessment of the sustainability of Russian regions' financial systems. The study is based on the methods of generalization and synthesis, correlation-regression analysis, and multivariate classification. Since the structure of the regional financial system is complex, several works are devoted to studying its sustainability issues. The relevance of the study topic is confirmed by the lack of a systematic approach to assessing the integral index of sustainability and the possibility of using various tools in determining the complex indicator. Methods: This methodology with application of mathematical statistics methods makes it possible to assess the financial system sustainability in four sectors, to include the leading indicators in the assessment, and to identify regions with extreme values of debt burden indicators. The method was tested for the regions of the Northwestern Federal District (NWFD) for the period 2010 - 2019 to classify the regions according to three levels of debt sustainability. Data collection from the 1 st January to 30 th April 2022 included statistical data from government open internet sources, sectors studied relate to government, and municipal budgets in the NWFD. Authors analyzed regional debt sustainability indicators and identified themes in the field of sustainability studies for the NWFD. Results: An increased level of financial system sustainability was observed among the NWFD regions in the corporative and personal finance sectors, indicating a significant contribution of businesses and households to maintaining the balance and sustainability of the financial system in Russia as a whole. The results of the study also identified that the NWFD regions belong to three clusters: cluster 1 - high debt sustainability; cluster 2 - medium debt sustainability; and cluster 3 - low debt sustainability.: The research of E.G.K., S.E.B, and N.S.A. is partially funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation under the strategic academic leadership program 'Priority 2030' (Agreement 075-15-2021-1333, dated 30.09.2021).Barykin, S.; Mikheev, A.; Kiseleva, E.; Putikhin, Y.; De La Poza, E.; Alekseeva, N. (2023). Sustainability of the regional financial system: a case study of the Northwestern Federal District. F1000Research. 11(908):1-21. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.123197.21211190

Especificidades regionais do desenvolvimento inovador de sistemas socioeconômicos na Federação Russa

The Russian economy has a tendency to slow down and reduce real investment, which hinders the possibility of innovative development. This is largely a consequence of the situation in the credit sector, especially in terms of the practical inaccessibility of Bank lending to small and medium-sized businesses. The objectives of the work are to justify an effective mechanism for increasing the availability of credit resources for small and medium-sized businesses, directly focused on innovation. Overcoming the contradiction between the banks aspiration to commercial profit and ignoring the objective needs of national expanded reproduction, and expanding the availability of Bank lending for the participants of the innovation process at the present stage of Russian development are associated with the effective interaction of the SME Corporation and the banking system in the process of production cooperation. The results of the study can be used to develop new organizational, economic and management mechanisms and tools for financing innovation.La economía rusa tiene una tendencia a desacelerar y reducir la inversión real, lo que dificulta la posibilidad de un desarrollo innovador. Esto es en gran parte consecuencia de la situación en el sector crediticio, especialmente en términos de la inaccesibilidad práctica de los préstamos del Banco a las pequeñas y medianas empresas. Los objetivos del trabajo son justificar un mecanismo eficaz para aumentar la disponibilidad de recursos crediticios para las pequeñas y medianas empresas, centradas directamente en la innovación. Superar la contradicción entre la aspiración de los bancos al beneficio comercial e ignorar las necesidades objetivas de la reproducción ampliada nacional, y ampliar la disponibilidad de préstamos del Banco para los participantes del proceso de innovación en la etapa actual del desarrollo ruso están asociados con la interacción efectiva de la Corporación de PYME y el sistema bancario en el proceso de cooperación productiva. Los resultados del estudio pueden utilizarse para desarrollar nuevos mecanismos y herramientas de organización, económicos y de gestión para financiar la innovación.A economia russa tem a tendência de desacelerar e reduzir o investimento real, o que dificulta a possibilidade de desenvolvimento inovador. Isto é em grande parte uma consequência da situação no sector de crédito, especialmente em termos da inacessibilidade prática dos empréstimos do Banco às pequenas e médias empresas. Os objetivos do trabalho são justificar um mecanismo efetivo para aumentar a disponibilidade de recursos de crédito para pequenas e médias empresas, com foco direto na inovação. Superar a contradição entre o desejo dos bancos para benefício comercial e ignorar as necessidades objectivas da reprodução nacional expandida, e expandir a disponibilidade de empréstimos bancários para os participantes no processo de inovação no atual estágio de desenvolvimento da Rússia estão associados com a interação da SME Corporation e do sistema bancário no processo de cooperação produtiva. Os resultados do estudo podem ser usados para desenvolver novos mecanismos e ferramentas organizacionais, econômicas e de gestão para financiar a inovação