Annotating honorifics denoting social ranking of referents

This paper proposes an annotating scheme that encodes honorifics (respectful words). Honorifics are used extensively in Japanese, reflecting the social relationship (e.g. social ranks and age) of the referents. This referential information is vital for resolving zero pronouns and improving machine translation outputs. Annotating honorifics is a complex task that involves identifying a predicate with honorifics, assigning ranks to referents of the predicate, calibrating the ranks, and connecting referents with their predicates

Annotating honorifics denoting social ranking of referents

This paper proposes an annotating scheme that encodes honorifics (respectful words). Honorifics are used extensively in Japanese, reflecting the social relationship (e.g. social ranks and age) of the referents. This referential information is vital for resolving zero pronouns and improving machine translation outputs. Annotating honorifics is a complex task that involves identifying a predicate with honorifics, assigning ranks to referents of the predicate, calibrating the ranks, and connecting referents with their predicates

Study on the Regulation of Cell Division Potentially Involved in Fruit Size Diversity in Tomato

Poster Presentation

Fructo-oligosaccharides ameliorate steatohepatitis, visceral adiposity, and associated chronic inflammation via increased production of short-chain fatty acids in a mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Within the spectrum of NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in combination with hepatic inflammation and fibrosis can lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Dysbiosis was reported to contribute to NASH pathogenesis. This study aimed to determine the effects of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) on steatohepatitis and visceral adiposity in an obese mouse model of NASH. Methods: Twelve newborn C57BL/6 J male mice were subcutaneously injected with monosodium glutamate (MSG) to induce obesity on a conventional diet. Six mice were also administered 5% FOS via drinking water from 10 weeks of age. At 18 weeks, histological characteristics of the liver and epididymal fat were compared between the groups. Hepatic mRNA expression of lipid metabolism enzymes and SCFA in feces and sera were measured. Results: Hepatic steatosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and hepatocyte ballooning in the liver and increased hepatic mRNA expression of fatty acid synthase and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase were observed in the MSG-treated mice. FOS treatment improved the liver pathology and blunted the increases in the mRNA expression levels of lipid metabolism enzymes. In addition, FOS inhibited adipocyte enlargement and formation of crown-like structures and reduced the M1 macrophage frequency in the epididymal fat of the MSG mice (39.4% ± 3.0% vs. 22.8% ± 0.7%; P = 0.001). FOS increased not only the fecal concentrations of n-butyric acid (0.04 ± 0.01 vs. 0.38 ± 0.14 mg/g, P = 0.02), propionic acid (0.09 ± 0.03 vs. 0.42 ± 0.16 mg/g, P = 0.02), and acetic acid (0.65 ± 0.16 vs. 1.48 ± 0.29 mg/g, P = 0.03) but also the serum concentration of propionic acid (3.9 ± 0.5 vs. 8.2 ± 0.5 μmol/L, P = 0.001). Conclusions: FOS ameliorates steatohepatitis, visceral adiposity, and chronic inflammation by increasing SCFA production

Research on the Activities of the `Teen Task Force\u27 : AIDS Education at a High School in New York, USA

まだ病名が付いていなかったHIV/AIDSが,1981年,アメリカで最初にメディアに報じられた時は『Medical Mystery(メディカルミステリー)』として騒がれていた。丁度その頃,多久和は1981年～1982年にかけて米国ネブラスカ大学にバスケットボール留学,成山は1980年からオレゴン大学に居て,当時まだ名前もない原因不明の奇病に取り組む医師団が,宇宙服のような防護服を着てビニールカーテンの中で治療にあたっている様子を現地のニュースで見ていた。この病気がAIDSと病名付けられたのは1982年である。その数年後,世界AIDSデー参加のために来日したHIV感染者やAIDSを発症した人達が,日本の入国審査場で入国を拒否された事件は,インターネットの無い時代であったが即座に世界中に流れた。本報告は,そのようなHIV/AIDS 流行開始時期の1980年代を振り返ってみた

バスケットボール選手,とくにセンターおよびフォワードにおける得点評価に関する形態学的検討

日本バスケットボールリーグに所属する選手がゲームで得た得点を個別的に評価するために形態学的に検討した。センターおよびフォワードのポジションである51名の身長と体重およびゲームで発揮された得点が資料として使用された。その結果,得点率(RTP:得点/分),身長と体重とから算出した体表面積(S:cm^2),体重(W:g)を用いて次式を導き出した。log(RTP)=-2.345・logS + 2.360・logW この理論式を用いて得られた理論値と実測値との間には有意差はなかった。This study evaluates the scoring performance of JBL basketball players though morphological examination, using data from 51 JBL basketball players in center and forward position, such as body surface area, body weight, and game scored. As a result, the following formula was obtained. log (RTP) = -2.345・logS +2.360・logW (RTP: rate of total points per min., S: surface area (cm^2), W: body weight (g)) There was no significant difference between the theoretical value for RTP obtained using this formula and the actual RTP as measured. Regarding the score obtained during the game, it was discovered that a basketball player\u27s ability to score can be estimated from a theoretical value and an actual measurement

男子大学生の長距離選手におけるパワーに関する形態学的評価

本研究の目的は,男子大学生の長距離選手のパワー(体重×走速度,kg・m/sec.)について形態学的に評価することである。対象は,2010年度の駅伝大会に参加する予定の主要な30大学の選手である。収集された項目は,身長(cm),体重(kg)と5,000m走および10,000m走の自己記録である。なお,5,000m走では694名,10,000m走では507名の自己記録が収集された。その結果,つぎのようにまとめられた。パワーが体表面積と体重との差として,各項目のT得点からつぎの式が得られた。5,000m走:log(Power) =0.3397・logS+0.6597・logW 10,000m走:log(Power) =0.3337・logS+0.6658・logW (S:体表面積(cm^2),W:体重(g)) これらの式から推定されたパワーは,実際の各選手のパワーとの間に差がみられず,相関関係はいずれも有意に認められ,理論値は実際のパワーを70%以上説明できることを明らかにした。これらから,求められた体表面積と体重とから長距離選手のパワーを評価できることを示唆するものであった。The purpose of this study is to perform a morphological evaluation of the power (body weight × running speed, kg・m/sec.) of male college student long-distance runners. The subjects of the study were runners from the main 30 universities participating in the ekiden convention in the 2010 academic year. The following data were collected : height (cm), weight (kg), and their times on the 5,000m run and/or 10,000m run. Data were collected from 507 participants of the 10,000m run and from 694 participants of the 5,000m run, and summarized as follows. The following formula was obtained from the T-score of each data item, with power as a difference of body surface area and weight. 5,000m run : log (Power) =0.3397・logS+0.6597・logW 10,000m run : log (Power) =0.3337・logS+0.6658・logW (S : body surface area (cm^2), W:weight (g)) . There was no significant difference between theoretical power as calculated by the theoretical formula and the runner\u27s actual power. Each correlation was confirmed as significant, and it was clearly demonstrated that actual power could be 70% or more accounted for by the theoretical value. This suggests that a long-distance runner\u27s power can be estimated from body surface area and weight

SPring-8 BL36XU: Catalytic Reaction Dynamics for Fuel Cells

A tapered undulator beamline BL36XU was constructed at SPring-8 to conduct structural and electronic analysis of dynamic events on polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) cathode catalysts for the development of next-generation PEFCs. BL36XU provides various time and spatially resolved XAFS techniques in an energy range from 4.5 to 35 keV for investigating PEFCs under the operating conditions. In addition, we developed in-situ complementary measurement systems, such as in-situ time-resolved XAFS/XRD and ambient pressure HAXPES systems. This report describes the performance and present status of the BL36XU

In situ Biological Dose Mapping Estimates the Radiation Burden Delivered to ‘Spared’ Tissue between Synchrotron X-Ray Microbeam Radiotherapy Tracks

Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) using high doses of synchrotron X-rays can destroy tumours in animal models whilst causing little damage to normal tissues. Determining the spatial distribution of radiation doses delivered during MRT at a microscopic scale is a major challenge. Film and semiconductor dosimetry as well as Monte Carlo methods struggle to provide accurate estimates of dose profiles and peak-to-valley dose ratios at the position of the targeted and traversed tissues whose biological responses determine treatment outcome. The purpose of this study was to utilise γ-H2AX immunostaining as a biodosimetric tool that enables in situ biological dose mapping within an irradiated tissue to provide direct biological evidence for the scale of the radiation burden to ‘spared’ tissue regions between MRT tracks. Γ-H2AX analysis allowed microbeams to be traced and DNA damage foci to be quantified in valleys between beams following MRT treatment of fibroblast cultures and murine skin where foci yields per unit dose were approximately five-fold lower than in fibroblast cultures. Foci levels in cells located in valleys were compared with calibration curves using known broadbeam synchrotron X-ray doses to generate spatial dose profiles and calculate peak-to-valley dose ratios of 30–40 for cell cultures and approximately 60 for murine skin, consistent with the range obtained with conventional dosimetry methods. This biological dose mapping approach could find several applications both in optimising MRT or other radiotherapeutic treatments and in estimating localised doses following accidental radiation exposure using skin punch biopsies