The A-MPM Decision-Making Model For Film Project Investment

This paper looks at the financing of commercial film projects in Japan. A scientific approach is used to quantify the factors that film producers and investors use to make investment decisions regarding film projects—a process that was previously unarticulated. The result of this research is the creation of the A-MPM (Amasakalab’s Movie Projects Performance Model), a shared decision-making model for film project investment that aims to promote quality investment decisions and support partnerships between film producers and investors during the subsequent process of filmmaking

Greater V˙O2peak is correlated with greater skeletal muscle deoxygenation amplitude and hemoglobin concentration within individual muscles during ramp-incremental cycle exercise.

It is axiomatic that greater aerobic fitness (V˙O2peak) derives from enhanced perfusive and diffusive O2 conductances across active muscles. However, it remains unknown how these conductances might be reflected by regional differences in fractional O2 extraction (i.e., deoxy [Hb+Mb] and tissue O2 saturation [StO2]) and diffusive O2 potential (i.e., total[Hb+Mb]) among muscles spatially heterogeneous in blood flow, fiber type, and recruitment (vastus lateralis, VL; rectus femoris, RF). Using quantitative time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy during ramp cycling in 24 young participants (V˙O2peak range: ~37.4-66.4 mL kg-1 min-1), we tested the hypotheses that (1) deoxy[Hb+Mb] and total[Hb+Mb] at V˙O2peak would be positively correlated with V˙O2peak in both VL and RF muscles; (2) the pattern of deoxygenation (the deoxy[Hb+Mb] slopes) during submaximal exercise would not differ among subjects differing in V˙O2peak Peak deoxy [Hb+Mb] and StO2 correlated with V˙O2peak for both VL (r = 0.44 and -0.51) and RF (r = 0.49 and -0.49), whereas for total[Hb+Mb] this was true only for RF (r = 0.45). Baseline deoxy[Hb+Mb] and StO2 correlated with V˙O2peak only for RF (r = -0.50 and 0.54). In addition, the deoxy[Hb+Mb] slopes were not affected by aerobic fitness. In conclusion, while the pattern of deoxygenation (the deoxy[Hb+Mb] slopes) did not differ between fitness groups the capacity to deoxygenate [Hb+Mb] (index of maximal fractional O2 extraction) correlated significantly with V˙O2peak in both RF and VL muscles. However, only in the RF did total[Hb+Mb] (index of diffusive O2 potential) relate to fitness

Do nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase contribute to sweating response during passive heating in endurance‐trained athletes?

The aim of our study was to determine if habitual endurance training can influence the relative contribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX) in the regulation of sweating during a passive heat stress in young adults. Ten trained athletes and nine untrained counterparts were passively heated until oral temperature (as estimated by sublingual temperature, Tor) increased by 1.5°C above baseline resting. Forearm sweat rate (ventilated capsule) was measured at three skin sites continuously perfused with either lactated Ringer\u27s solution (Control), 10 mmol/L NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME, non‐selective NOS inhibitor), or 10 mmol/L ketorolac (Ketorolac, non‐selective COX inhibitor) via intradermal microdialysis. Sweat rate was averaged for each 0.3°C increase in Tor. Sweat rate at the L‐NAME site was lower than Control following a 0.9 and 1.2°C increase in Tor in both groups (all P ≤ 0.05). Relative to the Control site, NOS‐inhibition reduced sweating similarly between the groups (P = 0.51). Sweat rate at the Ketorolac site was not different from the Control at any levels of Tor in both groups (P > 0.05). Nevertheless, a greater sweat rate was measured at the end of heating in the trained as compared to the untrained individuals (P ≤ 0.05). We show that NOS contributes similarly to sweating in both trained and untrained individuals during a passive heat stress. Further, no effect of COX on sweating was measured for either group. The greater sweat production observed in endurance‐trained athletes is likely mediated by factors other than NOS‐ and COX‐dependent mechanisms

ホンガク ガクセイ ノ カイガイ リョコウ ニ カンスル カンガエカタ タダイガク ジョシ ガクセイ ニ タイスル 18ネンマエ ノ チョウサ ト ヒカク シテ

本稿では,本学部学生の海外旅行に関する考え方を他大学女子学生に対する18年前の調査と比較することにより明らかにした。調査対象は,本学部1,2年生,196名であり,アンケートの形で調査した。明らかになった点は,海外旅行への期待が「緊張解消」以上に「自己拡大」であるという点である。「自己拡大」の行動とは,自己発見,あるいは,自尊感情を生み出す行動を指す。調査分析は,二つの部から成り立っている。選択肢による回答の部と自由記述の部である。まず,選択肢による回答の部では,先行研究である他大学の女子学生に対して88年に実施された調査と今回の調査データをX^2検定により明らかにした。次に,海外旅行のビジョンについての自由記述を海外旅行に関する大学生のモチベーションの実証分析研究の視点から分析した。なお,残された課題として,他大学女子学生の最近のデータと比較することで,本研究の結果をより深める作業があげられる。In this paper, it was clarified comparing the views of this faculty student\u27s overseas travel experiment expectations with research of 18 years ago from women students of other universities. The main point which became clear in the expectation of overseas travel is for "self-expansion" more than for "strain cancellation." The definition of "self-expansion" indicates an action that invents self-discovery or self-respect. This research analysis consists of two parts ; the part of answers by choice and the part of free descriptions. First, the answers by choice were analyzed by chi-square tests, comparing this research with the precedent study of 18 years ago from women students of other universities. Next, free descriptions about their visions of overseas travel were analyzed from the viewpoint of empirical studies of university student\u27s motivation toward overseas travel. In addition, there is room for further research, comparing the results of this research with recent data of women students from other universities

Mathematical model for hit phenomena and marketing science

Mathematical model of hit phenomena is presented as time-dependent non-linear, non-equilibrium phenomena. The derved equation include the marketing share model and the Bass model. The indirect communication as rumor or popularity plays an important role in hit phenomena. The decay of rumor is also studied using our hit equation and the decay length is only two days

Body temperature and cold sensation during and following exercise under temperate room conditions in cold‐sensitive young trained females

We evaluated cold sensation at rest and in response to exercise‐induced changes in core and skin temperatures in cold‐sensitive exercise trained females. Fifty‐eight trained young females were screened by a questionnaire, selecting cold‐sensitive (Cold‐sensitive, n = 7) and non‐cold‐sensitive (Control, n = 7) individuals. Participants rested in a room at 29.5°C for ~100 min after which ambient temperature was reduced to 23.5°C where they remained resting for 60 min. Participants then performed 30‐min of moderate intensity cycling (50% peak oxygen uptake) followed by a 60‐min recovery. Core and mean skin temperatures and cold sensation over the whole‐body and extremities (fingers and toes) were assessed throughout. Resting core temperature was lower in the Cold‐sensitive relative to Control group (36.4 ± 0.3 vs. 36.7 ± 0.2°C). Core temperature increased to similar levels at end‐exercise (~37.2°C) and gradually returned to near preexercise rest levels at the end of recovery (>36.6°C). Whole‐body cold sensation was greater in the Cold‐sensitive relative to Control group during resting at a room temperature of 23.5°C only without a difference in mean skin temperature between groups. In contrast, cold sensation of the extremities was greater in the Cold‐sensitive group prior to, during and following exercise albeit this was not paralleled by differences in mean extremity skin temperature. We show that young trained females who are sensitive to cold exhibit augmented whole‐body cold sensation during rest under temperate ambient conditions. However, this response is diminished during and following exercise. In contrast, cold sensation of extremities is augmented during resting that persists during and following exercise

Sweat from gland to skin surface: Production, transport and skin absorption

By combining galvanic skin conductance (GSC), stratum corneum hydration (HYD) and regional surface sweat rate (RSR) measurements at the arm, thigh, back and chest, we closely monitored the passage of sweat from gland to skin surface. Through a varied exercise-rest protocol, sweating was increased slowly and decreased in 16 male and female human participants (25.3 ± 4.7 yrs, 174.6 ± 10.1 cm, 71.3 ± 12.0 kg, 53.0 ± 6.8 ml∙kg∙min-1). ∆GSC and HYD increased prior to RSR, indicating pre-secretory sweat gland activity and skin hydration. ∆GSC and HYD typically increased concomitantly during rest in a warm environment (30.1 ± 1.0°C, 30.0 ± 4.7% RH) and only at the arm did ∆GSC increase prior to an increase in HYD. HYD increased prior to RSR, before sweat was visible on the skin, but not to full saturation, contradicting earlier hypotheses. Maximal skin hydration did occur, as demonstrated by a plateau in all regions. Post exercise rest resulted in a rapid decrease in HYD and RSR but a delayed decline in ∆GSC. Evidence for reabsorption of surface sweat into the skin following a decline in sweating, as hypothesized in the literature, was not found. This suggests that skin surface sweat, after sweating is decreased, may not diffuse back into the dermis, but is only evaporated. These data, showing distinctly different responses for the three measured variables, provide useful information about the fate of sweat from gland to surface that is relevant across numerous research fields (e.g. thermoregulation, dermatology, ergonomics and material design)

Effect of ice slushy ingestion and cold water immersion on thermoregulatory behavior

Two studies were conducted to examine the effects of ice slushy ingestion (ICE) and cold water immersion (CWI) on thermoregulatory and sweat responses during constant (study 1) and self-paced (study 2) exercise. In study 1, 11 men cycled at 40–50% of peak aerobic power for 60 min (33.2 ± 0.3C, 45.9 ± 0.5% relative humidity, RH). In study 2, 11 men cycled for 60 min at perceived exertion (RPE) equivalent to 15 (33.9 ± 0.2C and 42.5 ± 3.9%RH). In both studies, each trial was preceded by 30 min of CWI (~22C), ICE or no cooling (CON). Rectal temperature (T re ), skin temperature (T sk ), thermal sensation, and sweat responses were measured. In study 1, ICE decreased T re- T sk gradient versus CON (p = 0.005) during first 5 min of exercise, while CWI increased T re- T sk gradient versus CON and ICE for up to 20 min during the exercise (p0.05). Increased T re -T sk gradient by CWI improved MPO while ICE reduced T re but did not confer any ergogenic effect. Both precooling treatments attenuated the thermal efferent signals until a specific body temperature threshold was reached. © 2019 Choo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited