High concentrations of glucose reduce the oxidative metabolism of dog neutrophils in vitro

Background: Dogs are commonly affected by hyperglycemic conditions. Hyperglycemia compromises the immune response and favors bacterial infections; however, reports on the effects of glucose on neutrophil oxidative metabolism and apoptosis are conflicting in humans and rare in dogs. Considering the many complex factors that affect neutrophil oxidative metabolism in vivo, we investigated in vitro the specific effect of high concentrations of glucose on superoxide production and apoptosis rate in neutrophils from healthy dogs.Results: The capacity of the neutrophils to reduce tetrazolium nitroblue decreased significantly in the higher concentration of glucose (15.13 ± 9.73% (8 mmol/L) versus 8.93 ± 5.71% (16 mmol/L)). However, there were no changes in tetrazolium nitroblue reduction at different glucose concentrations when the neutrophils were first activated with phorbol myristate acetate. High concentrations of glucose did not affect the viability and apoptosis rate of canine neutrophils either with or without prior camptothecin stimulation. This study provides the first evidence that high concentrations of glucose inhibit the oxidative metabolism of canine neutrophils in vitro in a manner similar to that which occurs in humans, and that the decrease in superoxide production did not increase the apoptosis rate.Conclusions: A high concentration of glucose reduces the oxidative metabolism of canine neutrophils in vitro. It is likely that glucose at high concentrations rapidly affects membrane receptors responsible for the activation of NADPH oxidase in neutrophils; therefore, the nonspecific immune response can be compromised in dogs with acute and chronic hyperglycemic conditions. © 2013 Bosco et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd

High concentrations of glucose reduce the oxidative metabolism of dog neutrophils <it>in vitro</it>

Abstract Background Dogs are commonly affected by hyperglycemic conditions. Hyperglycemia compromises the immune response and favors bacterial infections; however, reports on the effects of glucose on neutrophil oxidative metabolism and apoptosis are conflicting in humans and rare in dogs. Considering the many complex factors that affect neutrophil oxidative metabolism in vivo, we investigated in vitro the specific effect of high concentrations of glucose on superoxide production and apoptosis rate in neutrophils from healthy dogs. Results The capacity of the neutrophils to reduce tetrazolium nitroblue decreased significantly in the higher concentration of glucose (15.13 ± 9.73% (8 mmol/L) versus 8.93 ± 5.71% (16 mmol/L)). However, there were no changes in tetrazolium nitroblue reduction at different glucose concentrations when the neutrophils were first activated with phorbol myristate acetate. High concentrations of glucose did not affect the viability and apoptosis rate of canine neutrophils either with or without prior camptothecin stimulation. This study provides the first evidence that high concentrations of glucose inhibit the oxidative metabolism of canine neutrophils in vitro in a manner similar to that which occurs in humans, and that the decrease in superoxide production did not increase the apoptosis rate. Conclusions A high concentration of glucose reduces the oxidative metabolism of canine neutrophils in vitro. It is likely that glucose at high concentrations rapidly affects membrane receptors responsible for the activation of NADPH oxidase in neutrophils; therefore, the nonspecific immune response can be compromised in dogs with acute and chronic hyperglycemic conditions.</p

Unión Ibero-Americana, Año XXXII, Núm. 2

48 páginasTEXTO: Noticias de España: D. Rafael María de Labra, por Andrés Pando.- Confederación hispanoamericana: 1. Patria universal, por Arturo Moncada G.- Ecos de la Fiesta de la Raza: Cosecha de almas, por Luis Araujo Costa; Vivirán en la memoria de los justos, por Hilario Gainza; Ese es el camino; Para el 12 de octubre de 1918.- Confraternidad escolar argentino-hispana.- Desde el Uruguay: Creación de la Academia de Ciencias, Artes y Letras, por Feliciano Viera y Rodolfo Mezzera.- Desarrollo industrial español en 1917.- Centro América intelectual (de un libro en preparación): Francisco R. Osegueda, Gustavo A. Ruiz, María Teresa Arrué, por Rafael García Escobar.- España y Chile.- La colonización española, según las leyes de Indias, fue la más humanitaria: VI. La acción beneficiaria, por Olegario Sáez.- Finanzas peruanas.- Anales de la escena española, por Narciso Díaz de Escovar.- Libros nacionales y extranjeros, por Manuel Valdemoro.- Catálogo de exportadores españoles.- Índice de sumarios.- Biblioteca.- Anuncios

Antibiotic resistance in European wastewater treatment plants mirrors the pattern of clinical antibiotic resistance prevalence

Integrated antibiotic resistance (AR) surveillance is one of the objectives of the World Health Organization global action plan on antimicrobial resistance. Urban wastewater treatment plants (UWTPs) are among the most important receptors and sources of environmental AR. On the basis of the consistent observation of an increasing north-to-south clinical AR prevalence in Europe, this study compared the influent and final effluent of 12 UWTPs located in seven countries (Portugal, Spain, Ireland, Cyprus, Germany, Finland, and Norway). Using highly parallel quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we analyzed 229 resistance genes and 25 mobile genetic elements. This first trans-Europe surveillance showed that UWTP AR profiles mirror the AR gradient observed in clinics. Antibiotic use, environmental temperature, and UWTP size were important factors related with resistance persistence and spread in the environment. These results highlight the need to implement regular surveillance and control measures, which may need to be appropriate for the geographic regions.Peer reviewe

Unión Ibero-Americana, Año XXXI, Núm. 5

51 páginasTEXTO: La Fiesta de la Raza para 1917.- Carta circular.- A EI Salvador.- El Tratado Chamorro-Bryan, por José Umaña Bernal.- La hora suprema de la raza.- Bolivia y su nuevo Gobierno: ¿Qué conceptos tenemos de América? por Alfredo Sanginés G.- El Cristo de Velázquez, por Marco Astenia.- Un aniversario y una idea: Para el Sr. Emilio de Mota, por el Caballero de la Luna.- Estudios americanos: A don Faustino Rodríguez San Pedro, por Cecilio Báez.- Panamá y el idioma castellano: Ley por la cual se dictan algunos medidas para la conservación del idioma castellano.- Progresos de cultura femenina: Entre España y América, por Melchora Herrero.- Medios prácticos de un acercamiento estrecho entre España y la América española, por Luis Felipe Contardo,-Centroamérica intelectual, por Rafael García Escovar.- Episodios históricos salvadoreños, por Francisco A. Funes G.- Noticias de España: Los tranvías aéreos.- La colonización española, según las leyes de Indias, fue la más humanitaria, por Olegario Sáez.- Libros nacionales y extranjeros, por R. García Moreno.- Anales de la escena española, por Narciso Díaz de Escovar.- Catálogo de exportadores españoles

Antibiotic resistance in European wastewater treatment plants mirrors the pattern of clinical antibiotic resistance prevalence

Integrated antibiotic resistance (AR) surveillance is one of the objectives of the World Health Organization global action plan on antimicrobial resistance. Urban wastewater treatment plants (UWTPs) are among the most import- ant receptors and sources of environmental AR. On the basis of the consistent observation of an increasing north- to-south clinical AR prevalence in Europe, this study compared the influent and final effluent of 12 UWTPs located in seven countries (Portugal, Spain, Ireland, Cyprus, Germany, Finland, and Norway). Using highly parallel quanti - tative polymerase chain reaction, we analyzed 229 resistance genes and 25 mobile genetic elements. This first trans-Europe surveillance showed that UWTP AR profiles mirror the AR gradient observed in clinics. Antibiotic use, environmental temperature, and UWTP size were important factors related with resistance persistence and spread in the environment. These results highlight the need to implement regular surveillance and control mea- sures, which may need to be appropriate for the geographic regions