固有値分解のための超平面制約法に対する理論解析

九州大学応用力学研究所研究集会報告 No.22AO-S8 「非線形波動研究の新たな展開 : 現象とモデル化」Report of RIAM Symposium No.22AO-S8 Development in Nonlinear Wave: Phenomena and Modeling行列の固有値分解を求めるためのアルゴリズムとして超平面制約法が提案されている[2]．特異値分解用の超平面制約法については数値安定性，収束性，計算精度などの解析が[4, 5, 6] において進められているが，固有値分解用に関してはアルゴリズムが定式化された段階で未解明な部分が少なくない．本報告では，固有値分解用の超平面制約法に関するいくつかの性質を明らかにする

Worldwide trends in population-based survival for children, adolescents, and young adults diagnosed with leukaemia, by subtype, during 2000–14 (CONCORD-3) : analysis of individual data from 258 cancer registries in 61 countries

Background Leukaemias comprise a heterogenous group of haematological malignancies. In CONCORD-3, we analysed data for children (aged 0–14 years) and adults (aged 15–99 years) diagnosed with a haematological malignancy during 2000–14 in 61 countries. Here, we aimed to examine worldwide trends in survival from leukaemia, by age and morphology, in young patients (aged 0–24 years). Methods We analysed data from 258 population-based cancer registries in 61 countries participating in CONCORD-3 that submitted data on patients diagnosed with leukaemia. We grouped patients by age as children (0–14 years), adolescents (15–19 years), and young adults (20–24 years). We categorised leukaemia subtypes according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC-3), updated with International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, third edition (ICD-O-3) codes. We estimated 5-year net survival by age and morphology, with 95% CIs, using the non-parametric Pohar-Perme estimator. To control for background mortality, we used life tables by country or region, single year of age, single calendar year and sex, and, where possible, by race or ethnicity. All-age survival estimates were standardised to the marginal distribution of young people with leukaemia included in the analysis. Findings 164563 young people were included in this analysis: 121328 (73·7%) children, 22963 (14·0%) adolescents, and 20272 (12·3%) young adults. In 2010–14, the most common subtypes were lymphoid leukaemia (28205 [68·2%] patients) and acute myeloid leukaemia (7863 [19·0%] patients). Age-standardised 5-year net survival in children, adolescents, and young adults for all leukaemias combined during 2010–14 varied widely, ranging from 46% in Mexico to more than 85% in Canada, Cyprus, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, and Australia. Individuals with lymphoid leukaemia had better age-standardised survival (from 43% in Ecuador to ≥80% in parts of Europe, North America, Oceania, and Asia) than those with acute myeloid leukaemia (from 32% in Peru to ≥70% in most high-income countries in Europe, North America, and Oceania). Throughout 2000–14, survival from all leukaemias combined remained consistently higher for children than adolescents and young adults, and minimal improvement was seen for adolescents and young adults in most countries. Interpretation This study offers the first worldwide picture of population-based survival from leukaemia in children, adolescents, and young adults. Adolescents and young adults diagnosed with leukaemia continue to have lower survival than children. Trends in survival from leukaemia for adolescents and young adults are important indicators of the quality of cancer management in this age group.peer-reviewe

Examining the Moderating Role of Self-Esteem and Gender in the Relationship between Depressive Schemata and DepressiveSymptoms in Japanese Junior High-School Students

The present study examined the moderating role of gender and self-esteem to the relationship between depressive schemata and depressive symptoms in early adolescence. Specifically, the purpose of the study was to verify whether depressive schemata have a unique contribution to explaining depressive symptoms over and above the effects of grade and daily stressors, and whether high levels of self-esteem can buffer against depressive reactions in early adolescents with high levels of depressive schemata as well as whether the effects of depressive schemata on depression are differently demonstrated by gender. Five hundred and nine junior high-school students (G7 and G9) have completed measures assessing depressive schemata, daily stressors, self-esteem, and depressivesymptoms. In support of the hypotheses, depressive schemata had a unique contribution to explaining depressive symptoms after controlling the effects of grade and stressors. In addition, the effect of depressive schemata on depressive symptoms was found significant only in girls, but the moderating effect of self-esteem on the relationship between depre ssive schemata and depressive symptoms was not validated. The need for gender-sensitive intervention is discussed

Meal Timing and Sleeping Energy Metabolism

There is a physiological link between sleep and eating. Insufficient sleep is a risk factor for overeating and excess body weight gain, and molecules such as orexin and insulin play a role in the control of sleep and energy intake. The effects of dietary timing on sleep and energy metabolism were examined in this review. First, we examined sleep energy metabolism and sleep quality under time-restricted eating, including skipping breakfast or dinner. Second, the mechanisms, benefits, and translational potential of the effects of time-restricted diets on sleep were discussed. Time-restricted eating under controlled conditions, in which daily caloric intake was kept constant, affected the time course of energy metabolism but did not affect total energy expenditure over 24 h. In free-living conditions, time-restricted eating for extended durations (4–16 weeks) decreased energy intake and body weight, and the effects of early time-restricted eating were greater than that of midday time-restricted eating. Although assessment of sleep by polysomnographic recording remains to be performed, no negative effects on the subjective quality of sleep have been observed

Audit clinique cible portant sur le dossier obstétrical en cas d’épisiotomie à la maternité de type III au sein de la région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes

Introduction : Episiotomy is a common act in obstetrics. A restrictive practice of episiotomy was recommended by learned societies in 2005.Objectives : The objectives of this study were to evaluate the traceability of episiotomy informations in medical records and to study the improvement of the conformity of practices between the audits of 2005, 2007 and 2015.Populations and method : A clinical audit was carried out in 2015 after randomly selecting 100 obstetric records among women admitted to give birth in a type III maternity within the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region.Results : The traceability of episiotomy informations significantly improved for the traceability of episiotomy operator's name (p = 0,04), for the anesthesia methods during repair (p = 0,01) and more generally, for types of wines used to repair.Discussion and conclusion: Efforts still need to be made about the traceability of the justification of episiotomy, the completeness of the report and the assessment of pain during and after episiotomy.Introduction : L’épisiotomie est un acte fréquent en obstétrique. Une pratique restrictive de l’épisiotomie a été recommandée par les sociétés savantes en 2005.Objectifs : Les objectifs de cette étude étaient d’évaluer la traçabilité des informations relatives à l’épisiotomie dans les dossiers médicaux et d’étudier l’amélioration de la conformité des pratiques entre les audits de 2005, 2007 et 2015.Populations et méthode : Un audit clinique a été réalisé en 2015 après une sélection aléatoire de 100 dossiers obstétricaux parmi les femmes admises pour accoucher au sein d’une maternité de type III de la région Auvergne - Rhône-Alpes.Résultats : La traçabilité des informations relatives à l’épisiotomie s’est améliorée de manière significative pour la traçabilité du nom de l’opérateur de l’épisiotomie (p=0,04), pour les méthodes d’anesthésie lors de la réfection (p=0,01) et plus globalement, pour les types de fils utilisés pour les sutures.Discussion et conclusion : Des efforts restent à poursuivre concernant la traçabilité de la justification de l’épisiotomie, l’exhaustivité du compte rendu et l’évaluation de la douleur pendant et après l’épisiotomie