Etude des facteurs de variation des prix d’intérêt des matières premières de substitution utilisées dans les aliments concentrés des animaux d’élevage

Ce travail vise à étudier les facteurs de variation du prix d’intérêt de quelques matières de substitution, notamment le blé fourrager, seigle, le sorgho, le triticale, l’avoine, le manioc, les grains de tournesol, les grains de colza, le tourteau de colza, le tourteau d’arachide, le tourteau de palmiste, la féverole, le pois, les drêches et distilleries du maïs (DDGS), le corn gluten feed (CGF), le lupin blanc, le lupin bleu, les coques de soja, le pois chiche et l’orge, afin de remplacer totalement ou partiellement le maïs et/ou le tourteau de soja dans les aliments composés des bovins, ovins, poules pondeuses, poulets de chair, dindes et lapins. Des modèles permettant la prédiction du prix d’intérêt de ces matières de substitution ont été établis en utilisant des régressions linéaires multiples et validés (R2>0,990). Les résultats de ce travail montrent que les matières de substitution peuvent être classées en matières énergétiques, protéiques ou mixtes. Ainsi, le prix d’intérêt d’une matière de substitution donnée varie suivant les fluctuations des prix de marché du maïs et/ou du tourteau de soja (p<0,0001). Le prix d’intérêt varie aussi en fonction de l’espèce animale à laquelle l’aliment concentré est destiné et de la composition de la formule du concentré (p<0,0001). Le taux protéique du tourteau de soja n’affecte pas significativement le prix d’intérêt des matières premières étudiées.Mots-clés: prix d’intérêt, matière de substitution, maïs, tourteau de soja, taux protéique. Study of the factors influencing the minimum prices of raw substituting materials used in livestock concentratesThis work aims to study the factors influencing the minimum price of some substituting raw materials, such as fodder wheat, rye, sorghum, triticale, oat, manioc, sunflower grains, colza grains, colza meal, peanut meal, palm meal, fababean, pea, corn distillers (DDGS), corn gluten feed (CGF), white and blue lupin, soya hulls, chickpea and barley, in poultry, rabbits, ovine and bovine concentrates. Predictive minimum price models of the studied substituting raw materials were developed using multiple linear regression models and validated (R2>0,990). Our results allow to classify substituting materials into 3 groups: materials source of energy, materials source of nitrogen, and materials source of energy and nitrogen at the same time. Hence, the minimum price depends on market prices of corn and/or soyabean meal (p<0,0001). Moreover, the minimum price varies according to the animal species and the composition of the concentrate (p<0,0001). The protein level of soyabean does not affect significantly the minimum price of the studied materials.Keywords: minimum price, substituting materials, corn, soyabean, protein leve

Experimental Anaerobic Digestion of Poultry Droppings and Microbiological and Energetic Monitoring of the Process under Study

Tunisia has limited primary energy resources and produces only fossil fuels. The technology of biogas production by anaerobic digestion or biomethanation is very little known and poorly applied in Tunisia. Indeed biogas is very neglected among the main sources of energy in the country. The use of biogas technology can solve a number of ecological and economic problems. Today, its prospects for the future appear promising, justifying the need for a judicious awareness, followed by pilot experiments with a view to the further popularization of biogas technology and its interests. In Tunisia, the poultry sector produces a large quantity of laying inches, abandoned without any recycling or recovery, which can constitute a potential source of an environmental contamination in general, although it is an organic source that can be valued and has important energy and agronomic interests. This study aims to optimize and to follow the experimental biometanation of the poultry litter. Physicochemical and microbiological evaluation of the substrates was carried out. As for the energy side, the anaerobic digestion chosen is in discontinuous (batch), mesophile (35 ° C) and wet (8% DM of digester) mode. The main results show that poultry excreta is rich in organic matter and bacterial load, which favors the production of biogas, in particular with the addition of inoculum and activator. It should also be noted that anaerobic digestion resulted in a decrease in microorganisms and that the activator (especially with 18%) improved the speed of the hydrolysis phase and favored the production of biogas and especially methane

Effects of thermal stress on physiological state and hormone concentrations in Holstein cows under arid climatic conditions

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of heat stress on the physiology of dairy cows and to detect the relationship between rectal temperature (RT) and respiration rate (RR), heart rate (HR), and plasma concentrations of cortisol, thyroxine, and prolactin. During the experiment, 44 Holstein cows were allocated to two groups for each season. The average temperature-humidity index (THI) values were 55 ± 2.31 in winter and 78 ± 1.9 in summer. As the THI values increased from 55 to 78, RR rose by 35 inspirations per minute, HR by 3 beats per minute, and RT by 1.2 °C. In addition, the average concentration of cortisol increased from 19.30 to 21.04 nmol/L, and prolactin from 58.52 to 129.79 ngm/L, whereas free thyroxine decreased from 15.43 to 14.01 pmol/L. Plasma sodium and potassium concentrations were similar in the two seasons. These results confirmed that RT is an indicator of the response in dairy cows to hot environmental temperatures. However, they also showed signs of stress, which were reflected in higher levels of cortisol and in certain physiological responses

Information and Communication Technologies for Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry in Jammu and Kashmir

Use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is growing in all spheres of activity. Veterinary Sciences andAnimal Husbandry should therefore be no exception. Efforts are needed to incorporate ICT in all endeavours related to livestock development in Jammu and Kashmir. All organizations and departments concerned with Veterinary Sciences andAnimal Husbandry need to realize the potential of ICT for the speedy and timely dissemination of information modules to the livestock rearers.The awareness among livestock rearers about the information and availability of ICT services is the first step to be taken to increase livestock rearers' participation in ICT initiatives.Access to information and communication is essential to the stakeholders at alllevels in the process of development. Various information and communication technology tools in knowledge and information dissemination needed for livestock rearers and possible IT application tools in realizing their needs in Jammu and Kashmir are discussed

Preliminary evaluation of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seed gum as a potential prebiotic for growing rabbits in Tunisia: effects on in vivo faecal digestibility and in vitro fermentation

[EN] This study aims to determine the effect of dietary inclusion of fenugreek seed gum (FSG), rich in galactomannans, on nutrient apparent digestibility and caecal environment, as well as on in vitro caecal fermentation of Tunisian growing rabbits. Three experimental diets were formulated, including 0, 0.25 and 0.5% of FSG (FSG0, FSG0.25 and FSG0.5, respectively) for the in vivo trial and 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 100% of FSG (FSG0, FSG0125, FSG0.25, FSG0.5 and FSG100, respectively) for the in vitro trial. In the in vivo trial, 45 weaned rabbits 31 d old (15 per treatment) were housed in individual cages until 94 d of age. Apparent digestibility coefficients were determined at two ages, from 38 to 41 and from 56 to 59 d old, and caecal traits were recorded after slaughtering. In the in vitro trial, the five experimental diets were incubated with a rabbit caecal inoculum. Gas production was measured and modelled until 72 h and the fermentation traits were measured. Apparent faecal digestibility coefficients of main nutrients and main caecal environment traits were not significantly affected by the dietary inclusion of FSG (P>0.05). However, animals fed with FSG showed lower caecal pH (–0.15; P<0.05) values. Regarding the in vitro fermentation, FSG100 increased asymptotic gas production (+11.25, P<0.001), sharpness of the switching characteristic of the profile (+1.98, P<0.001) and the maximum substrate degradation rate (RM) (+0.188, P<0.001), but decreasing the time after incubation at which half of the asymptotic amount of gas has been formed (–5.86, P<0.001) and at which RM occurs (–4.53, P<0.01). Likewise, FSG100 significantly decreased caecal pH (–1.035, P<0.001), lactic acid (–9.51, P<0.069) and N-NH3 concentrations (–12.81, P<0.001). Meanwhile, it increased the total volatile fatty acids (VFA) production (+43.15, P<0.001). Gradual dietary inclusion of FSG from 0 to 0.5% only significantly increased total VFA production in the caecum (+100 mmol/L per percentage point of FSG inclusion; P<0.05). In conclusion, FSG is highly and rapidly in vitro fermented by rabbit caecal bacteria. However, dietary inclusion of FSG up to 0.5%, might be insufficient to affect the apparent digestibility and fermentation profile of growing rabbits to a great extent.This study is supported by the Interministerial Commission for Science and Technology (CICYT) of the Spanish Government (AGL2017-85162-C2-1R), the Universitat Politècnica de València (Project 20180290; Spain), and the Higher School of Agriculture of Mateur of the Carthage University (Tunisia Republic). Grant assistance for Jihed Zemzmi from the Carthage University is also gratefully acknowledged.Zemzmi, J.; Ródenas, L.; Blas, E.; Abdouli, H.; Najar, T.; Pascual, J. (2020). Preliminary evaluation of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seed gum as a potential prebiotic for growing rabbits in Tunisia: effects on in vivo faecal digestibility and in vitro fermentation. World Rabbit Science. 28(3):113-122. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2020.12994OJS113122283Abad-Guamán R., Larrea-Dávalos J.A., Carabaño R., García J., Carro M.D. 2018. Influence of inoculum type (ileal, caecal and faecal) on the in vitro fermentation of different sources of carbohydrates in rabbits. World Rabbit Sci., 26: 227-240. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2018.9726AOAC. 2002. Official methods of analysis of the AOAC International. 17th ed. AOAC International., Gaithersburg, MD USA.Bartley G.B., Hiltry M.D., Andreson B.D., Clairemont A.C., Maschke S.P. 1981. "Maple-syrup" urine odor due to fenugreek ingestion. New Engl. J. Med., 305: 467. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198108203050823Batey I.L. 1982. Starch Analysis Using Thermostable Alpha-Amylases. 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Effect of fibre level reduction and glucooligosaccharide addition on the growth performance and caecal fermentation in the growing rabbit. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 56: 253-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(95)00834-9Gidenne T., Licois D. 2005. Effect of a high fibre intake on the resistance of the growing rabbit to an experimental inoculation with an enteropathogenic strain of Escherichia coli. Animal Sci., 80: 281-288. https://doi.org/10.1079/ASC41570281Gómez-Conde M.S., Garcia J., Chamorro S., Eirás P., Rebollar P.G., De Rozas A.P., Badiola I., De Blas C., Carabaño R. 2007. Neutral detergent-soluble fiber improves gut barrier function in twenty-five-day-old weaned rabbits. J. Ani. Sci., 85: 3313-3321. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2006-777Gómez-Conde M.S., Pérez de Rozas A., Badiola I., Pérez-Alba L., de Blas C., Carabaño R., García J. 2009. Effect of neutral detergent soluble fibre on digestion, intestinal microbiota and performance in twenty five day old weaned rabbits. Livest. Sci., 125: 192-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2009.04.010Groot J.C.J., Cone J.W., Williams B.A., Debersaques F.M.A., Lantinga E.A. 1996. Multiphasic analysis of gas production kinetics for in vitro fermentation of ruminant feeds. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 64: 77-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(96)01012-7Jiang J.X., Zhu L.W., Zhang W.M.,Sun R.C. 2007. Characterization of Galactomannan Gum from Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) Seeds and its rheological properties. Int. J. Polym. Mater. Po., 56: 1145-1154. https://doi.org/10.1080/00914030701323745Jouany J.P. 1982. Volatile Fatty Acid and Alcohol Determination in Digestive Contents, Silage Juices, Bacterial Cultures and Anaerobic Fermentor Contents. Sciences des Aliments. 2: 131-144.Korman S.H., Cohen E., Preminger A. 2001. Pseudo-maple syrup urine disease due to maternal prenatal ingestion of fenugreek. J. Pediatr. Child Health, 37: 403-404. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1754.2001.00617.xKoroleff F. 1966. Direct spectrophotometric determination of ammonia in precipitation. Tellus XVIII., 2. https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v18i2-3.9343Lipinski K., Purwin C., Tywonczuk J., Zdunczyk Z., Wroblewska M., Laniewska-Trokenheim L., Warminska-Radyko L. 2005. Effects of feed additives on nutrient digestibility and the bacterial status of faeces in pigs. J. Anim. Feed Sci., 14: 369-372. https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/70582/2005Majeed M., Majeed S., Nagabhushanam K., Arumugam S., Natarajan S., Beede K., Furqan A. 2018. Galactomannan from Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Seed: Prebiotic application and its fermentation by prebiotic Bacillus coagulans strain MTCC 5856. Food Sci. Nutr., 6: 666-673. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.606Marten G.C., Barnes R.F. 1980. Prediction of energy digestibility of forages with in vitro rumen fermentation and fungal enzyme systems. In: W.J. Pigden, C.C. Balch, M. Graham (Eds.), In Proc.: The International Workshop on Standardization of Analytical Methodology for Feeds, Int. Dev. Res. Center, Ottawa, Ont., Canada. 61-71.Martínez-Vallespín B., Martínez-Paredes E., Ródenas L., Cervera C., Pascual J.J., Blas E. 2011. Combined feeding of rabbit female and young: Partial replacement of starch with acid detergent fibre or/and neutral detergent soluble fibre at two protein levels. Livest. Sci., 141: 155-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2011.05.014Martínez-Vallespín B., Martínez-Paredes B., Ródenas L., Moya J.M., Cervera C., Pascual J.J., Blas E. 2013. Partial replacement of starch with acid detergent fibre and/or neutral detergent soluble fibre at two protein levels: Effects on ileal apparent digestibility and caecal environment of growing rabbits. Livest. Sci., 154: 123-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2013.02.012Mazza G., Di Tommaso D., Foti S. 2002. Volatile constituents of Sicilian fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.) seeds. Sciences des Aliments, 22: 249-264. https://doi.org/10.3166/sda.22.249-264Mertens D.R. 2002. Gravimetric determination of amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber in feeds with refluxing in beakers or crucibles: Collaborative study. J. AOAC Int., 85: 1217-1240.Naidu M.M., Shyamala B.N., Naik J.P., Sulochanamma G., Srinivas P. 2011. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the husk and endosperm of fenugreek seeds. LWT-Food Sci. Technol., 44: 451-456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2010.08.013Ocasio-Vega C., Abad-Guamán R., Delgado R., Carabaño R., Dolores Carro M., Javier García. 2018. Effect of cellobiose supplementation and dietary soluble fibre content on in vitro caecal fermentation of carbohydraterich substrates in rabbits. Arch. Anim. Nutr., 72: 221-238. https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2018.1458459Perez J.M., Lebas F., Gidenne T., Maertens L., Xiccato G., Parigi-Bini R., Dalle Zotte A., Cossu M.E, Carazzolo A., Villamide M.J., Carabaño R., Fraga M.J., Ramos M.A., Cervera C., Blas E., Fernández J., Falcão-e-Cunha L., Freire J. 1995. European reference method for in vivo determination of diet digestibility in rabbits. World Rabbit Sci., 3: 41-43. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.1995.239Read T., Gidenne T., Combes S., Labatut D., Bricard D., Bébin K., Fortun-Lamothe L. 2017. Digestibilité comparée chez le lapin: effets de l'âge, de l'état et du stade physiologiques. In Proc.: 17èmes Journées de la Recherche Cunicole, 21-22 Novembre, 2017. Le Mans, France. 117-180.Robertson J. B., Van Soest P. J., James W. P. T., & Theander O. 1981. The analysis of dietary fiber in food. The detergent system of analysis and its application to human foods. James, WPT and Theander, O., eds. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY, 123-158.Rosell J.M., de la Fuente L.F., Badiola J.I., Fernández de Luco D., Casal J., Saco M. 2009. Study of urgent visits to commercial rabbit farms in Spain and Portugal during 1997-2007. World Rabbit Sci., 17: 127 -136. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2009.652SAS. 2009. SAS/STAT User's Guide (Release 9.2). SAS Institute. 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"QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITION INFORMATION PUBLISHED WEEKLY IN THE SURROUNDING OF FOUR HOSPITALS IN LIMA, PERU"

"There is a growing demand from the general public regarding nutrition topics that has prompted social media such as magazines, newspapers, television, radio and the internet to include more nutritional content. The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of nutrition information published by health weeklies in the surroundings of four hospitals in Lima, Peru. A cross- sectional study was conducted using a mixed methodological design involving both quantitative and qualitative analyses. Thirtyseven hard copies of 4 health weeklies were purchased over the 10- week study period. Bivariate Logistic Regression was performed to examine all available journal characteristics associated with the quality of provided information. Logistic Regression Models were estimated for the independent variables that showed statistical significance in the bivariate analysis. Weekly publications with the highest percentage of pages dedicated to nutrition were “My Health” (41.67%), “Natural Health” (48.6%) and those with the lowest percentage were “Sun, medicine and beauty” (19.37%) and “Health, Money and Love” (18.34%). Collected publications included 185 articles that were classified into two groups regarding the validity of the nutrition information presented: supported 50.3% (93/185) and unsupported 49.7% (92/185). Statistical analysis for quality estimated that the “name of weekly” had a p value=0.000, the “topic” had a p value=0.035, and the “objective, source description, quarter of publications” had a p value >0.05. Multivariate logistic regression reports that only the variable “name of the weekly” had statistical significance with p values less than 0.05. The percentage of nutrition information suggests that editors may not be applying journalistic principles and shows the importance of interdisciplinary work, between nutritionists and health journalists, to improve health status of the general population. In the case of weekly health publications, editors responsible for this type of written press could benefit from including nutritionists in charge of providing nutritional information.

Effects of oil and natural or synthetic vitamin E on ruminal and milk fatty acid profiles in cows receiving a high-starch diet

Among trans fatty acids, trans-10,cis-12 CLA has negative effects on cow milk fat production and can affect human health. In high-yielding dairy cows, a shift from the trans-11 to the trans-10 pathway of biohydrogenation (BH) can occur in the rumen of cows receiving high-concentrate diets, especially when the diet is supplemented with unsaturated fat sources. In some but not all experiments, vitamin E has been shown to control this shift. To ascertain the effects of vitamin E on this shift of BH pathway, 2 studies were conducted. The first study explored in vitro the effects of addition of natural (RRR-α-tocopherol acetate) and synthetic (dl-α-tocopherol acetate) vitamin E. Compared with control and synthetic vitamin E, the natural form resulted in a greater trans-10/trans-11 ratio; however, the effect was very low, suggesting that vitamin E was neither a limiting factor for rumen BH nor a modulator of the BH pathway. An in vivo study investigated the effect of natural vitamin E (RRR-α-tocopherol) on this shift and subsequent milk fat depression. Six rumenfistulated lactating Holstein cows were assigned to a 2 × 2 crossover design. Cows received 20-kg DM of a control diet based on corn silage with 22% of wheat, and after 2 wk of adaptation, the diet was supplemented with 600 g of sunflower oil for 2 more weeks. During the last week of this 4-wk experimental period, cows were divided into 2 groups: an unsupplemented control group and a group receiving 11 g of RRR-α-tocopherol acetate per day. A trans-10 shift of ruminal BH associated with milk fat depression due to oil supplementation of a high-wheat diet was observed, but vitamin E supplementation of dairy cows did not result in a reversal toward a trans-11 BH pathway, and did not restore milk fat content

Reproductive period and preclinical cerebrospinal fluid markers for Alzheimer disease: a 25-year study

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to examine the association between reproductive period, as an indicator of endogenous estrogen, and levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for Alzheimer disease (AD). METHODS: A population-based sample of women from Gothenburg, Sweden was followed from 1968 to 1994 (N = 75). All women had natural menopause and were free from dementia. Information on reproductive period (age at menarche to age at menopause) was obtained from interviews from 1968 to 1980. Lumbar puncture was performed from 1992 to 1994 and CSF levels of Aβ42, Aβ40, P-tau, and T-tau were measured with immunochemical methods. Linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders were used to analyze the relationship between reproductive period and CSF biomarkers for AD. RESULTS: Longer reproductive period was associated with lower levels of Aβ42 (β = -19.2, P  = 0.01), higher levels of P-tau (β = 0.03, P  = 0.01), and lower ratio of Aβ42/Aβ40 (β = -0.02, P  = 0.01), while no association was observed for T-tau (β = 0.01, P  = 0.46). In separate analyses, examining the different components of reproductive period, earlier age at menarche was associated higher levels of P-tau (β = -0.07, P  = 0.031) and lower ratio of Aβ42/Aβ40 (β = 0.05, P  = 0.021), whereas no association was observed with Aβ42 (β = 31.1, P  = 0.11) and T-tau (β = -0.001, P  = 0.98). Furthermore, no association was observed between age at menopause and CSF biomarkers for AD. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that longer exposure to endogenous estrogen may be associated with increased levels of AD biomarkers in the preclinical phase of AD. These findings, however, need to be confirmed in larger samples. / Video Summary: http://links.lww.com/MENO/A804

The Use of Bioelectrical Impedance to Assess Shelf-Life of Beef Longissimus Lumborum Steaks

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of using surface and internal bioelectrical impedance to assess beef longissimus lumborum shelf-life during 15 days of simulated retail display. Study Description: Beef strip loins, obtained from three commercial processors (postmortem age = 27, 34, or 37 days), were fabricated into 12 1-inch thick steaks. Steaks were subdivided into six consecutively cut pairs, packaged on Styrofoam trays, overwrapped with polyvinyl chloride film, and displayed under fluorescent lighting at 32–40°F in coffin-style retail cases for 15 days. Microbiological analysis, pH, bioelectrical impedance analysis, objective color assessment, proximate composition, and lipid oxidation were measured. Surface and internal bioelectrical impedance assessment were compared. The Bottom Line: Internal bioelectrical impedance has potential for use to assess shelf-life of retail steaks and it was more precise than surface bioelectrical impedance; however, internal bioelectrical impedance may translocate bacteria into the muscle. Protein degradation and water holding capacity should be evaluated to better understand bioelectrical impedance changes over time