Étude de la violation CP dans des processus au LHC qui brisent la conservation du nombre leptonique

Cette thèse est dédiée à l’étude de la violation CP dans les processus ūd→tb̄ e⁻ μ⁻ et W⁻→ l-1 l-2 (q′¯ q)⁺. Il y a des expériences qui cherchent à identifier ces processus au grand collisionneur de hadrons, ou LHC (Large Hadron Collider). Une conséquence de l’observation de ces désintégrations impliquait une brisure de la conservation du nombre leptonique, car ∆L = 2. Si le neutrino est de type Majorana, il est sa propre antiparticule et on peut observer la double désintégration bêta sans émission de neutrino (0νββ). Ce processus est caractérisé par ∆L = 2. Si nous observons des processus similaires à 0νββ, ∆L = 2, au LHC, il y a aussi la possibilité de chercher la violation CP. La mesure de ce type de violation CP nous donnerait des informations sur de la Nouvelle Physique (NP) qui ne pourraient pas être facilement obtenues autrement. Il existe trois types de violation CP : directe, indirecte et cinématique (produit triple). Ce travail relève essentiellement mes études sur deux processus de violation CP, l’un direct et l’autre produit triple. Elles sont présentées dans deux articles qui sont inclus dans cette thèse. Le premier article est consacré au produit triple dans le processus : ūd→tb̄ e⁻ μ⁻ . Le modèle que nous avons considéré n’implique pas de neutrino de Majorana. À l’aide de MadGraph, nous avons étudié la violation CP pour les deux processus mentionnés pour deux versions du LHC, haute luminosité HL-LHC (14 TeV) et haute énergie HE-LHC (27 TeV),et pour un futur collisionneur FCC-hh (100 TeV). Nous trouvons que le produit triple n’est pas mesurable au HL-LHC, peut être mesurable au HE-LHC, et est certainement mesurable au FCC-hh. Dans le deuxième article, nous avons examiné comment générer la violation CP avec des neutrinos droitiers. Le deuxième article porte sur l’étude de la violation CP directe dans la désintégration W⁻→ l-1 l-2 (q′¯ q)⁺ en impliquant deux neutrinos N1 et N 2. Nous avons trouvé que la valeur de l’asymétrie CP peut être mesurée avec une précision de 3σ et que 0.1% ≤ ACP ≤ 10%.This thesis is dedicated to the study of CP violation in these processes ūd→tb̄ e⁻ μ⁻ et W⁻→ l-1 l-2 (q′¯ q)⁺. There are experiments which search to identify these processes at the "Large Hadron Collider" (LHC). The outcome of the observation of these decays would imply violation of lepton number conservation, ∆L = 2. If the neutrino is a Majorana particle, it is its own antiparticle and we can observe processes that violate the conservation of the lepton number, ∆L = 2. The neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ), is a process which is characterized by ∆L = 2, occurs when the neutrinos are Majorana particles. If we observe 0νββ-like processes at the LHC, there is also the possibility of looking for CP violation. Measuring this type of CP violation would give us information about New Physics that could not be easily obtained using other methods. There are three types of CP violation, namely: direct, indirect and kinematic (triple product). This research presents studies concerning direct and triple product CP violation. The first paper is devoted to triple products in the process: ūd→tb̄ e⁻ μ⁻. In addition, the model considered does not involve a Majorana neutrino. Using MadGraph, we have numerically studied and evaluated the CP violation for the two mentioned processes for three types of accelerators: high luminosity HL-LHC (14 TeV), high energy HE-LHC (27 TeV) and for a future FCC-hh collider (100 TeV). We found that the triple product is not measurable at the HL-LHC, may be measurable at HE-LHC, and is certainly measurable at FCC-hh. In the second article, we investigated to see how to generate CP violation with right-handed neutrinos. The second article is on the study of direct CP violation the decay W⁻→ l-1 l-2 (q′¯ q)⁺ by involving two neutrinos N1and N2. It is also observed that the value of CP asymmetry can be measured with an accuracy of 3σ and as 0.1% ≤ ACP ≤ 10%

CP Violation in Rare Lepton-Number-Violating WW Decays at the LHC

Some models of leptogenesis involve two nearly-degenerate heavy neutrinos $N_{1,2}$ whose masses can be small, $O({\rm GeV})$. Such neutrinos can contribute to the rare lepton-number-violating (LNV) decay $W^\pm \to \ell_1^\pm \ell_2^\pm (f'{\bar f})^\mp$ ($f' {\bar f} = q' {\bar q}$ or $\ell_3^+ \nu_{\ell_3}$). If both $N_1$ and $N_2$ contribute, there can be a CP-violating rate difference between the LNV decay of a $W^-$ and its CP-conjugate decay. In this paper, we examine the prospects for measuring such a CP asymmetry $A_{\rm CP}$ at the LHC. We assume a value for the heavy-light neutrino mixing parameter $|B_{\ell N}|^2 = 10^{-5}$, which is allowed by the present experimental constraints, and consider $5~{\rm GeV} \le M_N \le 80~{\rm GeV}$. We consider three versions of the LHC -- HL-LHC, HE-LHC, FCC-hh -- and show that small values of the CP asymmetry can be measured at $3\sigma$, in the range $0.1\% \lesssim A_{\rm CP} \lesssim 10\%$.Comment: 19 pages, 2 figure

A Review on GCL Performance in Geotechnical Engineering

Over the past decade, geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) have gained widespread popularity as a substitute for compacted clay liners in cover systems and composite bottom liners. They are also used as environmental protection barriers in transportation facilities or storage tanks, and as single liners for canals, ponds or surface impoundments. As a result, they are being investigated intensively, especially in regard to their hydraulic and diffusion characteristics, chemical compatibility, mechanical behaviour, durability and gas migration. In this paper, a review of the main findings is presented. From this work, a general insight is gained on outstanding effective factors on GCLs’ different performances and will additionally be used to develop GCL applications. An accurate interaction analysis of this system will be a remarkable contribution to the field as it will allow GCLs to be more effectively applied to a wider range of geotechnical issues

Demographic and Clinical Findings in Pediatric Patients Affected by Organic Acidemia

How to Cite This Article: Najafi R, Hashemipour M, Mostofizadeh N, Ghazavi MR, Nasiri J, Shahsanai A, Famori F, Najafi F, Moafi M. Demographic and Clinical Findings in Pediatric Patients Affected by Organic Acidemia. Iran J Child Neurol. Spring 2016; 10(2): 74-81.AbstractObjectiveMetabolic disorders, which involve many different organs, can be ascribed to enzyme deficiency or dysfunction and manifest with a wide range of clinical symptoms. This study evaluated some of the demographic and clinical findings in pediatric patients affected by organic acidemia.Materials & MethodsThis cross-sectional study was part of a larger study conducted in patients with metabolic disorders during a period of 7 years from 2007 to 2014 in Isfahan Province, Iran. Our study covered a wide range of cases from newborn infants (one-week old) to adolescents (children up to the age of 17 years). This study evaluated patients’ demographic information, history of disease, developmental and educational status, clinical and general conditions. Phone and in-person interviews were used to gather information.ResultsOut of 5100 patients screened in this study, 392 patients were affected by one of the different metabolic disorders and 167 individuals were diagnosed as organic acidemia. Propionic acidemia/methyl malonic acidemia (PA/MMA) was the most prevalent form of this metabolic disorder. The frequency of consanguinity was 84.7% in the group of patients. The mortality rate was 18.8% in patients with organic academia.ConclusionEach of the metabolic diseases, as a separate entity, is rare; nevertheless, in aggregate they have a somewhat high overall prevalence. These diseases result in mental and developmental disorders in the absence of quick diagnosis and initiation of treatment. Furthermore, more mutations should be identified in societies affected by consanguinity. Further research should also be conducted to determine worthwhile and more-efficient screening methods as well as longterm neurological prognosis. References:Champion MP.An approach to the diagnosis of inherited metabolic disease. Arch Dis Child EducPract Ed 2010; 95:40.D.L. Marsden,Inborn Errors of Metabolism: Classification and Biochemical AspectsEncyclopedia of Human Nutrition (Third Edition), 2013, Pages 1-10Huang X, Yang L Dr, Tong F Dr, Yang R Dr, Zhao Z Prof. Screening for inborn errors of metabolism in high-risk children: a 3-year pilot study in Zhejiang Province, China. BMC Pediatr. Feb 24 2012;12(1):18Waisbren SE. Expanded newborn screening: information and resources for the family physician. Am Fam Physician. Apr 1 2008;77(7):987-94.Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Genson HB, Stanton BF .,An Approach to Inborn Errors of Metabolism, : Nelson textbook of pediatric19th ed, Philadelphia:Saunders;2011, Chapter 78 ;309-16.Ayelet Erez, Oleg A. Shchelochkov, Sharon E. Plon, Fernando Scaglia, and Brendan Lee The American Journal of Human Genetics April 8, 2011,88; 402–421Disorders of energy metabolism1-Nyhan WL, Ozand PT. Atlas of Metabolic Diseases, 1st ed, Chapman and Hall Medical, London 1998.Fowler B. Genetic defects of folate and cobalamin metabolism. Eur J Pediatr 1998; 157 Suppl 2:S60.Hoffmann GF, Zschocke J. Glutaric aciduria type I: from clinical, biochemical and molecular diversity to successful therapy. J Inherit Metab Dis 1999; 22:381.Hoffmann GF, Gibson KM, Trefz FK, et al. Neurological manifestations of organic acid disorders. Eur J Pediatr 1994; 153:S94.Wappner RS. Biochemical diagnosis of genetic diseases. Pediatr Ann 1993; 22:282.Weiner DL. Metabolic emergencies. In: Textbook of pediatric emergency medicine, 5th ed, Fleisher GR, Ludwig S, Henretig FM (Eds), Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia 2006. p.1193.Lindor NM, Karnes PS. Initial assessment of infants and children with suspected inborn errors of metabolism. Mayo Clin Proc 1995; 70:987.Kamboj M. Clinical approach to the diagnoses of inborn errors of metabolism. Pediatr Clin North Am 2008; 55:1113.J. Golbahar, E.A. Al-Jishi, D.D. Altayab, E. Carreon, M. Bakhiet, H. Alkhayyat .Selective newborn screening of inborn error of amino acids, organic acids and fatty acids metabolism in the Kingdom of Bahrain ;Molecular Genetics and Metabolism, Volume 110, Issues 1–2, September–October 2013, Pages 98-101.Carlo Dionisi-Vici , Cristiano Rizzo, Alberto B. Burlina, , Ubaldo Caruso, Gaetano Sabetta , Graziella Uziel, Damiano Abeni, ,Inborn errors of metabolism in the Italian pediatric population: A national retrospective survey , the Italian Metabolic Network Contributing Investigators:J Pediatr 2002;140:321-7.Moacir Wajner a,b , Daniella de Moura Coelho a, Rafaela Ingrassia a, Anderson Büker de Oliveira a, Estela Natacha Brandt Busanello a, Kimiyo Raymond c, etal :Selective screening for organic acidemias by urine organic acid GC–MS analysis in Brazil: Fifteen-year experience:Clinica Chimica Acta 400 (2009) 77–81.It-Koon Tan, FRCPath, Bani Gajra, Maria SF Lim, Study of Inherited Metabolic Disorders in Singapore – 13 Years Experience :Ann Acad Med Singapore 2006;35:804-13.Moammar H, Cheriyan G, Mathew R, Al-Sannaa N. Incidence and patterns of inborn errors of metabolism in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, 1983-2008. Ann Saudi Med. 2010; 30:271-7.Nagaraja D, Mamatha SN, De T, Christopher R. Screening for inborn errors of metabolism using automated electrospray tandem mass spectrometry: study in high-risk Indian population. Clinical biochemistry. 2010; 43(6):581-8.Hendriekje Eggink, Anouk Kuiper, Kathryn J Peall, Maria Fiorella Contarino, Annet M Bosch, Bart Post, Deborah A Siva, Marina AJ Tijssen and Tom J de Koning :Rare inborn errors of metabolism with movement disorders: a case study to evaluate the impact upon quality of life and adaptive functioning Eggink et al. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2014, 9:177.Han LS, Qiu J, Ye WJ, Gao XL, Wang Y, Gu XF: Selective screening for inborn errors of metabolism on clinical patients using tandem mass spectrometry in China: a four-year report. J Inherit Metab Dis 2007, 30:507-514.Xinwen Huang, Lili Yang, Fan Tong, Rulai Yang and Zhengyan Zhao: Screening for inborn errors of metabolism in high-risk children: a 3-year pilot study in Zhejiang Province, China:Huang et al. BMC Pediatrics 2012, 12:18.Tarun Choudhuri and Sivajee Sengupta .Inborn Error of Metabolism –An Indian Perspective،Int J Hum Genet, 6(1): 89-91 (2006).Elsobky E, Elsayed SM. Extended metabolic screen in sick neonates and children. Egypt J Med Hum Genet. 2004; 5: 1-7.Satwani H, Raza J, Hanai J, Nomachi S. Prevalence of selected disorders of inborn errors of metabolism in suspected cases at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi. JPMA. 2009; 59:815-9.Narges Pishva, Alie Mirzaee, Zohre Karamizade, Shahnaz Pourarian, Fariba Hemmati, Mostajab Razvi, Forough Saki.Selective Screening of High-risk Iranian Patients for the Detection of Inborn Error of Metabolism 14 Iranian Journal of Neonatology 2014; 5(4).A. García-Cazorla, N.I. Wolf, M. Serrano, U. Moog, B. Pérez-Dueñas, P. Póo, M. Pineda, J. Campistol, G.F. Hoffmann, Mental retardation and inborn errors of metabolism, J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. 32 (2009) 597–608.Sitke A, Ulrich D, Peter H, Johannes K, Manfred S, Hartmut S. NMR-Based Screening for Inborn Errors of Metabolism: Initial Results from a Study on Turkish Neonate. JIMD Reports DOI 10.1007/8904_2014_326.Waleed H A, Magdy HB, Mohammed SM, Ibrahim H. Risk factors and birth prevalence of birth defects and inborn errors of metabolism in Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Pan Afr Med J 2011; 8:14.Karimzadeh P, Jafari N, Jabbehdari S, Taghdiri MM, Nemati H, Saket S, Alaee MR, Ghofrani M, Tonakebni SH. Methylmalonic Acidemia: Diagnosis and Neuroimaging Findings of This Neurometabolic Disorder (An Iranian Pediatric Case Series). Iran J Child Neurol 2013 7(3): 63- 66. Ibarra GI, Fernández LC, Reyes GD, Belmont M L, Guillén LS, Monroy SS et al. Inborn Errors of Intermediary Metabolism in Critically Ill Mexican Newborns. J Inborn Errors Metabol Screening 2014:1–7.Hanna AO. Patterns of inborn errors of metabolism: A 12-year single-center hospital-based study in Libya. Qatar Med J 2013 (2):57-65.Tu W, He J, Dai F, Wang X, Li Y. Impact of inborn errors of metabolism on admission in a neonatal intensive care unit--a prospective cohort study. Indian J Pediatr 2012 Apr;79(4):494-500

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice about Emergency Contraception among Health Staff in Bushehr State, South of Iran

Emergency Contraception (EC) is used within a few days of unprotected sex to prevent an unintended pregnancy. About one quarter of pregnancies in south of Iran are unintended. EC is important option that women can use after unprotected sex or contraceptive failure for preventing of unplanned pregnancies and adverse maternal and perinatal health outcomes. Health staff have influence on women’s contraceptive behavior and their knowledge and attitudes about EC can affect women’s contraceptive behaviors. Data are lacking about the knowledge, attitude and practice of hormonal EC method among health staff in Bushehr state, south of Iran. A cross-sectional study using self administered questionnaire was conducted. A sample of 170 health staff were surveyed. The mean age of respondents was 30.6±5.1. Overall 6.5% of participants had poor knowledge, 25.2% moderate knowledge, 68.3% good knowledge about EC. Half of participants had positive and half had negative attitude towards the EC method. Midwives and family health workers were more knowledgeable (p<0.05) and more frequently counseled women about EC than general practitioners (GPs) (p<0.001). The most cited reason for EC prescriptions were rupture condom and none use of contraception. Our findings showed despite of majority of health staff had good knowledge about EC, their knowledge about the indications for prescription of EC and its side effects was inadequate. The educational efforts for health staff should be focused more on the specific aspects of EC method. GPs also should be more involved in family planning program

An optimality property of an approximated solution computed by the Hessenberg method

We revisit the implementation of the Krylov subspace method based on the Hessenberg process for general linear operator equations. It is established that at each step, the computed approximate solution can be regarded by the corresponding approach as the minimizer of a certain norm of residual corresponding to the obtained approximate solution of the system. Test problems are numerically examined for solving tensor equations with a cosine transform product arising from image restoration to compare the performance of the Krylov subspace methods in conjunction with the Tikhonov regularization technique based on Hessenberg and Arnoldi processes

The effect of stress management training program on self- efficacy mothers of children with thalassmia

Background and aims: Thalassemia is the most common hereditary chronic anemia in humans. Stress caused by the disease leaves adverse effects on children’s self-efficacy in the care of family members, especially mothers. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of stress management training, self-efficacy in mothers of children with thalassemia. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in Seyedalshohada hospital (clinic of imam Reza) in Isfahan in 2014. 64 mothers of children with thalassemia were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. Demographic questionnaires and researcher-designed questionnaires of parental self-efficacy questionnaires dealing with the disease were completed at the beginning and end of the study and in the follow-up to the control group. Stress management training was conducted for experimental group of 8 sessions weekly. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and statistical tests of Mann-Whitney test, independent t-test and fisher exact test. Results: The results of study showed that there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of self-efficacy score before the intervention(P=0.148), but self-efficacy score in the experimental group was significantly more than the control group after intervention as well as a month later, (P=0.001). Generally, self-efficacy in mothers after the intervention and one month later increased in comparison with pre intervention. Conclusion: The results showed that stress management training program can be a useful approach to increase self-efficacy in mothers of children with thalassemia. Therefore, it is recommended to improve the self-efficacy in mothers of children with chronic diseases such as thalassemia

The Effects of the Roy’s Adaptation Model on Primigravida Women’s Self-Concept: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Most women do not have a positive self-concept and impression about themselves during pregnancy because they become less active and gain more weight. Self-concept significantly contributes to individuals’ mental health. This controlled trial was performed to assess the effect of an intervention based on the Roy’s adaptation model on self-concept among primigravida women. This study was conducted on a random sample of 83 Iranian primigravida women. Women in the experimental group received educational and counseling services in five sessions held in five consecutive weeks. Thereafter, they received a four-week follow-up care. Before the intervention, there were no significant differences between the two groups regarding adaptation knowledge and self-concept adaptation. However, after the intervention, these differences were statistically significant. The Roy’s adaptation model has positive effects on primigravida women’s physical and interpersonal self-concept adaptation. Given its simplicity and easy applicability, this model can be used for improving pregnancy-related outcomes

Application of Photovoice in Qualitative Researches

The concept of photovoice was at first invented in 1997, it is a visual participatory tool to collect data in qualitative studies that was widely used in different countries and various health issues [1, 2]. It employs contributors to take photograph of a subject of concern, critically reflecting on the subject, and yields solutions for these problems [3]. In this method of data collection, cameras are provided to contributors in order to share their facts, stories, and target commonplace issues in their lives [4]. It’s also been used to express needs, history, culture, problems and desires [5].Photovoice's method is based on three theoretical foundations that overlap one another: documentary photography, feminist theory, and the critical awareness theory of Paulo Freire [2]. Photovoice has three main objectives: 1. encouraging and empowering people to record and give feedback on strengths and problems in their societies; 2. Promoting critical knowledge on important issues through group discussions on pictures and 3. Providing easier access to policy makers to change [1]. This process consists of several components. The researchers first set objective matter and select participants that are relevant to the object matter. At the beginning, participants will be provided with brief tutorials on photography skills, photovoice ethics and safety. After that photos which are provided by participants should be discussed through interviews, telling stories and big and small discussion groups which researchers evaluate the reasons of choosing their own images and feelings by using an integrated structures. The researchers then analyze the content and extract the relevant codes. Finally photos will published in magazines or websites if necessary [6, 7]. Photovoice has positive results on individual and community health, developing trust, making a sense of ownership, social skill development, increasing individual self-efficacy, learning together, building community capacities, creating community change and balancing research and practice [2, 6, 7]. The photovoice limitation is related to the inability of children to respond accurately to photos and how photos exhibit their experiences from the topic. To manage this limitation, researchers also used an evidence-based approach as complementary method [7].Photovoice is proposed as one of the methods aimed at collecting data in qualitative studies to enrich the results of studies and provide an accurate understanding of the topic from the participants’ perspectives