Genetic variation and relationships among spring camelina (Camelina sativa, Brassicaceae) accessions of different origin

Camelina sativa L. is one of the oldest crops of the Brassicaceae family, first domesticated in the region of south-eastern Europe. It has regained interest as a very promising alternative oilseed crop with broad adaptability, a wide range of tolerances to pests and diseases, and low-input requirements. The genetic diversity in spring camelina proved to be limited, so the identification and characterization of genetic variations is considered very useful for development of efficient breeding programmes. The aim of the study was to use SSR markers in order to investigate genetic variation of twenty spring camelina accessions and their relatedness. Forty-five individual samples were taken from each accession and used for amplification of SSR markers P4C11, P6E4 and LIB19. The accessions expressed different levels of genetic variation, AMOVA (analysis of molecular variance) showed that 64% of the total genetic variation was attributed to variance within accessions. Genetic distance analysis indicated that there was overlapping in certain breeding programs and exchange of breeding germplasm

Oncogenic conversion of the thyroid hormone receptor by altered nuclear transport

Nuclear receptors (NRs) are transcription factors whose activity is modulated by ligand binding. These receptors are at the core of complex signaling pathways and act as integrators of many cellular signals. In the last decade our understanding of NRs has greatly evolved. In particular, regulation of NR subcellular dynamics has emerged as central to their activity. Research on the subcellular distribution of the thyroid hormone receptor (TR) has revealed new dimensions in the complexity of NR regulation, and points to the possibility that NR mislocalization plays a key role in oncogenesis. For many years, TR was thought to reside exclusively in the nucleus. It is now known that TR is a dynamic protein that shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm. TR is localized to the nucleus in a phosphorylated form, suggesting that compartment-specific phosphorylation mediates cross-talk between multiple cell signaling pathways. The oncoprotein v-ErbA, a viral-derived dominant negative variant of TR is actively exported to the cytoplasm by the CRM1 export receptor. Strikingly, the oncoprotein causes mislocalization of cellular TR and some of its coactivators by direct interaction. Here, we offer some perspectives on the role of subcellular trafficking in the oncogenic conversion of TR, and propose a new model for oncoprotein dominant negative activity

Young carers in England: findings from the 2018 BBC survey on the prevalence and nature of caring among young people

Background Many young people are involved in caring for parents, siblings, or other relatives who have an illness or disability. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of caring by young people in England. Method A national survey of 925 English young people was conducted using the 18‐item survey version of the Multidimensional Assessment of Caring Activities Checklist for Young Carers. Results Around 7% of young people were identified as doing at least a high amount of caring activity and 3% a very high amount. Most frequently, caring by a young person is for a mother or a sibling, with a physical disability. Caring activity consisted mostly of domestic activities, household management, and emotional care. Conclusion This study provides the most up to date and methodologically sophisticated survey data on the prevalence of young caring in England, with implications for policy and practice

Effects of anharmonic strain on phase stability of epitaxial films and superlattices: applications to noble metals

Epitaxial strain energies of epitaxial films and bulk superlattices are studied via first-principles total energy calculations using the local-density approximation. Anharmonic effects due to large lattice mismatch, beyond the reach of the harmonic elasticity theory, are found to be very important in Cu/Au (lattice mismatch 12%), Cu/Ag (12%) and Ni/Au (15%). We find that is the elastically soft direction for biaxial expansion of Cu and Ni, but it is for large biaxial compression of Cu, Ag, and Au. The stability of superlattices is discussed in terms of the coherency strain and interfacial energies. We find that in phase-separating systems such as Cu-Ag the superlattice formation energies decrease with superlattice period, and the interfacial energy is positive. Superlattices are formed easiest on (001) and hardest on (111) substrates. For ordering systems, such as Cu-Au and Ag-Au, the formation energy of superlattices increases with period, and interfacial energies are negative. These superlattices are formed easiest on (001) or (110) and hardest on (111) substrates. For Ni-Au we find a hybrid behavior: superlattices along and like in phase-separating systems, while for they behave like in ordering systems. Finally, recent experimental results on epitaxial stabilization of disordered Ni-Au and Cu-Ag alloys, immiscible in the bulk form, are explained in terms of destabilization of the phase separated state due to lattice mismatch between the substrate and constituents.Comment: RevTeX galley format, 16 pages, includes 9 EPS figures, to appear in Physical Review

Multidisciplinary approaches to the study of eating disorders and obesity: recent progress in research and development and future prospects

No description supplie

Dagstuhl-Manifest zur Strategischen Bedeutung des Software Engineering in Deutschland

Im Rahmen des Dagstuhl Perspektiven Workshop 05402 "Challenges for Software Engineering Research" haben führende Software Engineering Professoren den derzeitigen Stand der Softwaretechnik in Deutschland charakterisiert und Handlungsempfehlungen für Wirtschaft, Forschung und Politik abgeleitet. Das Manifest fasst die diese Empfehlungen und die Bedeutung und Entwicklung des Fachgebiets prägnant zusammen

Wave vision

The basic applications of radio waves are communication an

PCA Beyond The Concept of Manifolds: Principal Trees, Metro Maps, and Elastic Cubic Complexes

Multidimensional data distributions can have complex topologies and variable local dimensions. To approximate complex data, we propose a new type of low-dimensional ``principal object'': a principal cubic complex. This complex is a generalization of linear and non-linear principal manifolds and includes them as a particular case. To construct such an object, we combine a method of topological grammars with the minimization of an elastic energy defined for its embedment into multidimensional data space. The whole complex is presented as a system of nodes and springs and as a product of one-dimensional continua (represented by graphs), and the grammars describe how these continua transform during the process of optimal complex construction. The simplest case of a topological grammar (``add a node'', ``bisect an edge'') is equivalent to the construction of ``principal trees'', an object useful in many practical applications. We demonstrate how it can be applied to the analysis of bacterial genomes and for visualization of cDNA microarray data using the ``metro map'' representation. The preprint is supplemented by animation: ``How the topological grammar constructs branching principal components (AnimatedBranchingPCA.gif)''.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figure