Sentencing disparities in rape: a legal review / Wan Amalina Hamizah Wan Zaidi … [et al.]

Rape is a serious sexual crime and it is a growing problem in Malaysia. It degrades the human's value and demarcates women's dignity. In Malaysia, although harsh punishment have been provided for rapist, these set of sanctions are not compulsory in nature. It is the discretionary powers of the court in punishing the offenders. Thus, sentencing disparities emerged in consequences of different approaches used by courts. This study intends to review the sentencing disparities in rape offence in Malaysia as to what extend does the court departed from statutory sanction laid down in Penal Code for rape offence. Other than that, this study also analyzes the different approaches used by the states of Virginia and Minnesota in handling this issue. For this purpose, the relevant provisions in the Penal Code Act 574 are reviewed and judgments given by the courts are also taken for analyzing the factors sentencing disparities. There are loopholes in the existing laws that can be improved in order for the court to achieve consistencies in giving sentence to the rapist. A sentencing guideline is proposed as a recommendation from our team

Cilok Cripsy (Perencanaan Pendirian Usaha Cilok Isi Keju Daging Goreng)

Cilok Crispy is an innovation food originated from West Java made from chewy tapioca starch with additional bread flour and complementary flavor such as peanut sauce, soy sauce, and sauce. Cilok has the same shape as meatballs, but there are differences in the basic ingredients. The content of Cilok Crispy consists of meat and cheese. Cilok Crispy packed with GreenPack. The marketing target for Cilok Crispy is the middle class and Cilok Crispy will provide a new taste experience to consumers. Key Word : Cilok Crispy, Cheese, Mea

PROFIL ANAK PENDERITA PENYAKIT JANTUNG BAWAAN DENGAN INFEKSI SALURAN PERNAFASAN ATAS DI RSUD DR. SOETOMO

Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) is leading cause of death in the first year of life. One of the manifestations of CHD is upper respiratory infection (URI). In Indonesia, 90% of the acute respiratory infection is URI and it becomes the most common reason for children to go to emergency center. The aim of this study is describing the profile of children with congenital heart disease and upper respiratory infection in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, based on sex, age, immunization status, nutrition status, social-economic status, type of CHD, and the severity of CHD. This descriptive study was done by collecting data using medical records and questioners from 1st to 31st of March 2018. Total number of the sample was 46 patients; 18 (39.1%) of the them were male and 28 (60,9%) were female, with male to female ratio was 1:1.6. The most common age group (69.6%) was toddler (0-5 years old). The most common type of CHD was acyanotic (89.1%) and the most severity of CHD was moderate (80.4%). Female patients had more (80%) severe URI than male patients. Patients with severe URI only occur in toddlers. There was 60% of patients with severe URI have poor nutritional status (very skinny). Interestingly, there was 60% of patients with severe URI had complete immunization. Patients with severe URI had parents with moderate (60%) and low income (40%). There was 100% of patients with severe URI who had acyanotic CHD. Patients with severe URI had moderate (60%) and mild (40%) CHD. Keywords: congenital heart disease, upper respiratory infection, cyanotic, acyanotic, immunizatio

Analisis mekanisme penyelesaian Non Performance Financing (NPF) melalui metode hapus buku (write-off) dan dampaknya terhadap kinerja BNI Syariah

Skripsi ini merupakan hasil penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana mekanisme peneyelesaian NPF melalui metode hapus buku dan bagaimana dampak perlakuan hapus buku tersebut terhadap kinerja BNI Syariah. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan data yang digunakan berasal dari hasil wawancara dengan RRD (Recovery and Remedial Division) sebagai pihak yang menangani pembiayaan bermasalah di BNI Syariah dan juga berasal dari dokumentasi laporan keuangan dan kinerja perusahaan yang telah diaudit dan terpublikasi. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif deskriptif dan diolah dengan pola pikir induktif yang berpijak pada fakta-fakta yang bersifat khusus untuk kemudian diteliti, dianalisis, dan disimpulkan sehingga mampu berlaku secara umum. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa mekanisme hapus buku di BNI Syariah dilakukan dengan proses yang terarah, dimulai dari pengajuan nama debitur NPF oleh divisi marketing yang berhubungan langsung dengan debitur, melalui RRD sebagai pihak yang menangani kualitas pembiayaan dan pembiayaan bermasalah, lalu diteruskan kepada komite direksi sebagai pemegang wewenang tertinggi di perusahaan yang sebelum memutuskan hal-hal mengenai penghapusbukuan telah melalui proses pertimbangan secara matang. Dampak positif dari perlakuan hapus buku ini adalah: a) Tingkat NPF bank menurun, b) Mutu aktiva produktif bank menjadi lebih baik, c) Tingkat kesehatan bank terjaga, c) Kepercayaan nasabah, investor, dan regulator terhadap bank terjaga, d) Reputasi bank baik, e) Pengembalian atas piutang yang telah dihapusbukukan akan menjadi pendapatan recovery, f) Bank dapat lebih fokus untuk melakukan ekspansi bisnis. Sedangkan dampak negatif dari hapus buku yaitu: a) Laba bank menurun, b) Hapus buku dapat berdampak pada penurunan CAR. BNI Syariah diharapkan mampu menjaga kualitas pembiayaan yang disalurkan dengan melakukan analisis secara baik dan tepat sehingga mampu menghindari terjadinya resiko pembiayaan yang mengakibatkan gagal bayar (NPF), dengan menurunnya tingkat NPF akan meminimalisir jumlah cadangan yang harus disiapkan sehingga laba perusahaan akan terjaga dan bisa terus meningkat. Pada penelitian berikutnya yang mengangkat topik yang sama diharapkan akan mampu melengkapi segala kekurangan dari data penelitian ini sehingga dapat memenuhi kebutuhan para pembaca

Ombudsman sebagai Lembaga Pengawas Pelayanan Publik di Indonesia

The Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia as an institution that helps to administer public services has an important role in the administration of effective and efficient public services. However, it is recognized that it still exists in the implementation of public service supervision. First, it still represents the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia which cannot be transferred by the invited party because many consider that the ombudsman must be invited is not mandatory. Second, it is constrained by the absence of regulations related to Ombudsman approval and sanctions that must be applied. Third, there is no execution of punishment by the Government for the cancellation of public services to the Regional Head launched by the Indonesian Ombudsman. Both the government and the publik society should support the implementation of the supervision of public administration by the Ombudsman in order to create public welfare.The Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia as an institution that helps to administer public services has an important role in the administration of effective and efficient public services. However, it is recognized that it still exists in the implementation of public service supervision. First, it still represents the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia which cannot be transferred by the invited party because many consider that the ombudsman must be invited is not mandatory. Second, it is constrained by the absence of regulations related to Ombudsman approval and sanctions that must be applied. Third, there is no execution of punishment by the Government for the cancellation of public services to the Regional Head launched by the Indonesian Ombudsman. Both the government and the publik society should support the implementation of the supervision of public administration by the Ombudsman in order to create public welfare

In vitro and in vivo assays of selected plant extracts against fruit rot fungi

Post-harvest losses of crops in Malaysia is estimated at around 20%. Fungal infection is one of the primary causes of post-harvest loss in fruits. The common use of synthetic fungicide to combat fruit rot fungi poses negative impacts on human health and the environment. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of selected plant species as a safer alternative for post-harvest treatment. Ethanolic leaf extracts of Piper sarmentosum, Psidium guajava, and Cymbopogon citratus were tested against Fusarium oxysporum from tomato rot, Fusarium proliferatum from banana rot, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides from mango rot. In vitro analysis was conducted using poisoned food bioassay and the percentage inhibitions of Fusarium oxysporum growth were 93.50% by Piper sarmentosum extract, 46.68% by Psidium guajava extract, and 40.48% by Cymbopogon citratus extract. A test on a different fungus, Fusarium proliferatum, showed that Piper sarmentosum, Psidium guajava, and Cymbopogon citratus extracts displayed percentage inhibitions of 88.78%, 36.66%, and 22.44%, respectively. In vitro test on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides showed that Piper sarmentosum extract inhibited the fungal growth by 96.23%, while Cymbopogon citratus and Psidium guajava extract inhibited the fungal growth by 52.62% and 52.22%, respectively. The mechanism of action of these extracts appeared to be fungistatic. Piper sarmentosum was selected for further analysis by in vivo assay as it displayed the most significant anti-fungal action. The study was conducted using Piper sarmentosum leaf extract of various concentrations (25, 50, 50, and 100 mg/mL). The leaf extract displayed dose-dependent activity, with the highest reduction in disease severity observed at concentration of 100 mg/mL. The findings showed the potential use of Piper sarmentosum, Psidium guajava, and Cymbopogon citratus leaf extract as anti-fungal agent for post-harvest treatment to minimize fruit loss. Piper sarmentosum leaf extract showed comparable inhibitory action to commercial fungicide carbendazim

Profile of Children with Congenital Heart Disease and Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in Dr. Soetomo General hospital Surabaya Period March 2018

Introduction: Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in the first year of life. One of the manifestations of CHD is upper respiratory infection (URI). In Indonesia, 90% of the acute respiratory infection is URI and it becomes the most common reason for children to go to emergency center. The aim of this study is to describe the profile of children with congenital heart disease and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, based on sex, age, immunization status, social-economic status, and type of CHD. Methods: This descriptive study was done by collecting data using medical records and questionnaires from March 1st to 31st 2018. Results: Total number of the sample was 46 patients; 18 (39.1%) of them were male and 28 (60.9%) were female, with male to female ratio was 1:1.6. The most common age group (69.6%) was toddler (0-5 years old). The most common type of CHD was acyanotic (89.1%). Conclusion: Female patients had more (80%) severe URI than male patients. Patients with severe URI only occur in toddlers. Interestingly, 60% of patients with severe URI had complete immunization. Patients with severe URI had parents with moderate (60%) and low income (40%). There were 100% of patients with severe URI who had acyanotic CHD

Children's online privacy protection: a comparative study between the acts in Malaysia with the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) 1998 / Nur Fasihah Shahrol Azam, Nur Izzati Mohd Hamdi and Nabila Abdullah.

Children and young people are among the internet users whom would constantly utilize the internet in various ways. Young people's private lives are increasingly laid bare by the often personal data published in their blogs, on social networks, in chat rooms, and so on. At a very young age, web users face some complex issues: copyright on the Internet, image rights, protection of personal data and private life, and the risks inherent in the Internet's new social forums. Although there are many laws that defines, govern and protect the activity of children and their legal rights and their online activity of the Malaysian internet users, none of them fills in the need of protection of the children's online privacy protection. Thus, in enhancing the laws that has been implemented, several provisions need to be inserted to overcome this lacuna. The United States of America had taken steps to resolve this issue, hence are made as reference to improve the laws regarding the protection of online data of the children

Prevalence and impacts of musculoskeletal pain among the elderly living in the east coast region of peninsular Malaysia

Background: Musculoskeletal pain commonly affects the elderly, but the extent of this problem within the Malaysian community remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and impact of musculoskeletal pain among the elderly living in the community. Methods: Elderly individuals aged 60 years and above with musculoskeletal pain and intact cognition were recruited for this study. Musculoskeletal pain was scored using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, and functional ability was assessed via the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale. Mental wellbeing was evaluated using the Short Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing scale, and risk of falling was determined via the Short Falls Efficacy Scale – International. Results: A total of 216 community-dwelling elderly individuals participated in this research. Knee pain was the most common pain type experienced by the participants in the past 12 months (58.8%) and 7 days (28.8%). This type of pain was also the most common reason cited by the elderly for their difficulty in working. Age, gender, and body mass index were not significant predictors of musculoskeletal pain in the elderly (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Musculoskeletal pain significantly impacts the functional ability and fear of falling of elderly individuals in the eastcoast region of Malaysia. Mental wellbeing scores indicated a decreasing trend, but no significant difference was noted