APLIKASI SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFI UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI BATUAN KAPUR

Selain dikenal sebagai Negara Maritim, Indonesia merupakan negara  kaya  tambang  mineral  dan  logam,  salah satunya batuan kapur (limestone). Namun, potensi  tersebut  belum  dimanfaatkan  secara  maksimal  oleh masyarakat  sekitar  pegunungan  kapur, salah satunya di Kecamatan Babat, Kabupaten Lamongan. Untuk mengidentifikasi potensi batu kapur dapat mengaplikasikan ilmu penginderaan jauh dan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Kelebihan metode penginderaan jauh adalah efisiensi waktu dan biaya yang digunakan. Dalam kegiatan ini dilakukan metode skoring menggunakan parameter tutupan lahan, indeks vegetasi, suhu permukaan tanah, dan unsur geologi. Data yang digunakan berupa data citra satelit Landsat 9 yang terdiri dari 11 saluran kanal dengan karakteristik, Peta Rupa Bumi Indonesia Kabupaten Lamongan skala 1:25.000 dan Peta Geologi skala 1:25.000. Hasil proses perhitungan NDVI dalam studi area, diperoleh nilai indeks vegetasi dengan rentang nilai antara -0,189 hingga 0,568. Nilai indeks vegetasi Kecamatan Babat didominasi oleh kelas sedang dengan rentang 0,15 hingga 0,25. Hasil klasifikasi tutupan lahan menghasilkan 5 (lima) kelas, yaitu kelas daerah bukan pertanian, daerah pertanian, lahan terbuka, permukiman, dan perairan. Kecamatan Babat didominasi oleh kelas tutupan lahan daerah bukan pertanian dengan persentase 53,29%. Hasil skoring dari keempat parameter menunjukkan bahwa Kecamatan Babat didominasi oleh kelas batuan kapur dengan potensi sedang dengan persentase 47,88% dari seluruh luas wilayah. Kata Kunci: Batuan kapur, Landsat 9, Penginderaan jauh, SIG DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jpg.v11.i1.2693

APLIKASI SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFI UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI BATUAN KAPUR

Indonesia merupakan negara kaya tambang mineral dan logam, salah satunya batuan kapur. Namun, potensi tersebut belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal oleh masyarakat sekitar pegunungan kapur, salah satunya di Kecamatan Babat, Kabupaten Lamongan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi potensi batu kapur dapat mengaplikasikan ilmu penginderaan jauh dan Sistem Informasi Geografis. Kelebihan metode penginderaan jauh adalah efisiensi waktu dan biaya yang digunakan. Dalam kegiatan ini dilakukan metode skoring menggunakan parameter tutupan lahan, indeks vegetasi, suhu permukaan tanah, dan unsur geologi. Data yang digunakan berupa data citra satelit Landsat 9 yang terdiri dari 11 saluran kanal dengan karakteristik, Peta Rupa Bumi Indonesia Kabupaten Lamongan skala 1:25.000 dan Peta Geologi skala 1:25.000. Hasil proses perhitungan NDVI dalam studi area, diperoleh nilai indeks vegetasi dengan rentang nilai antara -0,189 hingga 0,568. Nilai indeks vegetasi Kecamatan Babat didominasi oleh kelas sedang dengan rentang 0,15 hingga 0,25. Hasil klasifikasi tutupan lahan menghasilkan 5 kelas, yaitu kelas daerah bukan pertanian, daerah pertanian, lahan terbuka, permukiman, dan perairan. Kecamatan Babat didominasi oleh kelas tutupan lahan daerah bukan pertanian dengan persentase 53,29%. Hasil skoring dari keempat parameter menunjukkan bahwa Kecamatan Babat didominasi oleh kelas batuan kapur dengan potensi sedang dengan persentase 47,88% dari seluruh luas wilayah

Identifikasi Kekeringan Lahan Kabupate Lamongan Berdasarkan Citra Satelit

Kekeringan lahan merupakan salah satu permasalahan masyarakat Indonesia yang terjadi pada musim kemarau. Kekeringan lahan mengakibatkan aktivitas pertanian terganggu karena pasokan air terhambat. Salah satu kabupaten yang mengalami kekeringan lahan adalah Kabupaten Lamongan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi wilayah yang mengalami kekeringan lahan di Kabupaten Lamongan agar dampak kekeringan dapat diminimalisir. Metode identifikasi kekeringan lahan yang digunakan berdasarkan pengolahan data penginderaan jauh, yaitu memanfaatkan data citra satelit Landsat 8 saluran 4 (merah), saluran 5 (Near InfraRed/ NIR), dan saluran 6 (Short Wavelength InfraRed/ SWIR). Sebelum proses pengolahan citra, dilakukan proses penggabungan antar scene (mosaicking). Citra Landsat 8 dipotong sesuai batas administrasi wilayah kabupaten dan diolah berdasarkan algoritma NDDI untuk mengidentifikasi kekeringan lahan. Algoritma yang digunakan terdiri dari parameter tingkat kebasahan air dan tingkat kehijauan vegetasi yang menutupi wilayah Kabupaten Lamongan. Tingkat kebasahan diperoleh dari pengolahan citra menggunakan algoritma NDWI, sedangkan tingkat kerapatan vegetasi diperoleh berdasarkan pengolahan citra menggunakan algoritma NDVI. Hasil pengolahan citra satelit Landsat 8 menunjukkan bahwa Kabupaten Lamongan didominasi oleh tingkat kebasahan kelas rendah sebesar 893,236 Km2 dan kerapatan vegetasi kelas sedang sebesar 691,012 Km2. Adapun hasil identifikasi kekeringan lahan di Kabupaten Lamongan didominasi oleh kelas klasifikasi kekeringan berat sebesar 62,14% atau 1.097,087 Km2 dari total luas area. Kata Kunci— Citra satelit, Identifikasi, Kekeringan lahan, Kerapatan vegetasi, NDDI, Tingkat kebasaha

The concept of murabbi in Muslim education with reference to selected teaching methods of the prophet Muhammad (ٍٍٍِSAW)

The concept of education in Islam is markedly different from that seen from the secular Western viewpoint. For Muslims, teaching is considered as the noblest of professions, while the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) is known as the greatest educator of all time. The focus of this paper is to explore the meaning of the concept of murabbī (Muslim educator) and then to consider selected pedagogical practices of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) which were used to educate the early Muslim community. It is hoped that the pragmatic and spiritual nature of his pedagogical practices will serve as an inspiration and role model for Muslim and non-Muslim teachers and educators today and in the future, inshallah

Tensile property of melt mixing co-polypropylene with waste polymer at different composition ratios

In order to implement economical way of managing unwanted substances, waste polymer (WP) can be recycled instead of throwing it away. It can be reused via "sink-float" technique and mixed with another binder like co-polypropylene (co-PP) to enhance the mechani-cal properties of the material. This is because co-PP is a bit softer but has better impact strength, much tougher and more durable than polypropylene (PP). Two materials underwent injection moulding with 170°C temperature to produce dog bone samples for tensile test. The test started with 10% up until 80% of WP content mixed with co-PP. Tensile test speed used for this experiment was 5mm/s. Stress vs. strain graph was obtained from the test and the modulus of elasticity was obtained by using the stress over strain formula. The stress versus strain result for the composite with WP is lower than that of co-PP, proving that WP is more brittle compared to the more elastic co-PP. Morphological analysis of surface structure based on Optical Microscope (OM) indicates that co-PP has smooth surface while WP has a rough surface

Comparative study of the electro spun pan nanofiber reinforced with CNT and CNF: effect on morphology, thermal stability and electroconductivity properties

Reinforced electrospun PAN nanofibers with carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers were produced via electrospinning technique. The spinning was carried out in a ratio of 6 and 10 wt. % of CNT and CNF to PAN slurry, respectively. The applied voltage was 10.0 kV and the spuns had undergone three stages of thermal treatments namely, stabilization, carbonization, and graphitization. This study indicated that the nanofiber diameter, thermal stability and electric conductivity properties of the PAN electrospun were greatly affected by the ratio of the nanoparticles. The morphological study revealed that the fiber diameters of the PAN/CNT electrospun were between 0.62 and 0.70 µm, and the PAN/CNF fiber diameters were between 1.03 and 1.20 µm, respectively. For the thermal stability study, it was observed that the thermal degradation of the PAN polymer increased as the CNT and CNF ratios were increased. The electroconductivity study also revealed that addition of CNT had increased the conductivity of the PAN polymer until 5.4 × 10-4 Scm-1. CNF increased the electrical resistivity of PAN from 2.49 × 10-5 to 1690.2 Ω cm-1

Anatomi rizom dan stip genus Pleocnemia Presl (Tectariaceae) di Semenanjung Malaysia

Kajian anatomi rizom dan stip telah dijalankan ke atas empat spesies Pleocnemia yang terdapat di Semenanjung Malaysia iaitu P. irregularis, P. conjugata, P. hemiteliiformis dan P. olivacea untuk mengkaji variasi ciri yang terdapat pada rizom dan stip ini. Kajian ini melibatkan keratan rentas stip dan rizom dengan menggunakan mikrotom gelongsor. Ciri anatomi stip seperti bentuk luaran, corak kehadiran sel sklerenkima di bawah epidermis, jenis dan bentuk stel dan ciri anatomi rizom seperti kehadiran sel rembes tanin dan kehadiran serta jenis trikom pada sesetengah spesies boleh digunakan untuk pengecaman spesies. Ciri sepunya bagi spesies Pleocnemia yang dikaji ialah kehadiran sel sklerenkima mengelilingi stel dan di bawah lapisan sel epidermis, stel jenis kompleks serta stel bagi kesemua spesies kajian berbentuk protostel primitif (bulat). Antara ciri diagnosis yang ditemui dalam kajian ini ialah bentuk luaran stip, bilangan lapisan skelerenkima di bawah epidermis, kehadiran sel rembes tanin bagi spesies P. irregularis dan P. hemiteliiformis serta kehadiran jenis trikom yang berbeza dalam keempat-empat spesies. Ciri diagnosis ini adalah ciri yang baik untuk pengecaman spesies kajian. Keputusan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa ciri anatomi stip dan rizom mempunyai nilai taksonomi dalam genus Pleocnemia dan boleh digunakan sebagai data sokongan untuk pengecaman dan pembezaan spesies

Mechanical properties of wood polymer composites (WPCs) after prolonged ultra-violet (UV) irradiation exposure

This research aims to compare the mechanical properties of WPC made from 30 % of rice husk as fibre and 70 % of polypropylene as polymer with and without prolonged UV irradiation exposure. WPC samples are tested with UV irradiation at 5000, 10000, 15000 and 20000 hours with temperature 50 °C and tested with compression test (ASTM D695-15) and tensile test (ASTM D638-02), while physi-cal properties characterization was done by density test (ASTM D792-13) and OM test. The compression and tensile result shows de-crease value of mechanical properties due to the presence of chain breaking activity contributed from the process of photo oxidation throughout the UV exposure. The effect of UV exposure also resulted in decrease of WPC samples density value as the longer the expo-sure, the lower the samples density due to the losses of volatile particle. In conclusion, the weather ability of WPC was observed by pro-longed exposure to UV radiation thus highlights the influence of parameters involved in the degradation rate of WPC as to contribute a good guidelines and resolution for the future growth of polymer composite structure

Thermal degradation study of waste polymer matrix polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride as polymer matrix filled rice husk decking structure

The aim of this study is to find another alternative material to replace the additives of polymeric materials. From previous works, wood-chips are used to act as filler instead of rice husk. Thus, in this case, the woodchips is being exchange with rice husk and mixed with the waste polymer in order to reduce the cost. This study is about the effect of thermal towards the mechanical and physical properties of this WPC. Therefore, heat test and UV Irradiation Exposure test were conducted on this wood polymer composite (WPC). Then, three pa-rameters were being examined which were difference in density, hardness and physical properties after undergoing heat test and UV Irradiation Exposure test. The density and hardness appearances from both test only had slightly reduction and it can be considered as negligible. The physical changes were not too apparent such as crack that would lead to failure even after being heated and exposed to the UV light for a long period. Thus, it proves that rice husk could replace woodchips in order to be used as decking structure

Palm oil and sunflower oil: Effect of blend composition and stirrer types during fractionation on the yield and physicochemical properties of the oleins

The effect of blend composition of refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) palm oil and sunflower oil and that of different types of stirrers during fractionation on the yield and physicochemical characteristics of the oleins was investigated. Blends of 80% palm oil with 20% sunflower oil, and 60% palm oil with 40% sunflower oil were fractionated at 21C, and the oil samples were agitated with stirrers 1, 2, 3 and 4. The results showed that the highest yield was obtained with 60% palm oil and 40% sunflower oil blend when stirrer 2 was used to agitate the sample. There was a significant difference in iodine value (IV) of samples agitated with stirrers 3 and 4. The difference was not significant when stirrers 1 and 2 were used. Blending palm oil with sunflower oil followed by fractionation produced oleins of much higher IV than either commercially available regular palm olein or superolein. The major fatty acids in the oleins obtained after fractionating blend of 80% palm oil and 20% sunflower oil were palmitic (31.8-33.2%), oleic (38.1-39.3%) and linoleic (21.6-24.1%) acids. With higher amount of sunflower oil of 40% in the oil blend, the amount of palmitic acid significantly decreased (25.1-26.3%). After fractionation, the blend containing 60% palm oil and 40% sunflower oil produced liquid fractions which were lower in dipalmitoyl-oleoyl-glycerol (POP), palmitoyl-oleoyl-stearoyl-glycerol (POS), palmitoyl-dioleoyl-glycerol (POO) and dipalmitoyl-linoleoyl-glycerol (PLP) compared to the blend containing 80% palm oil and 20% sunflower oil. The blend with a higher level of sunflower oil at 40% produced oleins of much lower cloud point (3.5-3.7C) than the blend containing only 20% sunflower oil. The type of stirrer did not have any significant effect on the cloud point