44 research outputs found
Evolution and dispersal of mitochondrial DNA haplogroup U5 in Northern Europe: insights from an unsupervised learning approach to phylogeography
Background
We combined an unsupervised learning methodology for analyzing mitogenome sequences with maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetics to make detailed inferences about the evolution and diversification of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup U5, which appears at high frequencies in northern Europe.
Methods
Haplogroup U5 mitogenome sequences were gathered from GenBank. The hierarchal Bayesian Analysis of Population Structure (hierBAPS) method was used to generate groups of sequences that were then projected onto a rooted maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree to visualize the pattern of clustering. The haplogroup statuses of the individual sequences were assessed using Haplogrep2.
Results
A total of 23 hierBAPS groups were identified, all of which corresponded to subclades defined in Phylotree, v.17. The hierBAPS groups projected onto the ML phylogeny accurately clustered all haplotypes belonging to a specific haplogroup in accordance with Haplogrep2. By incorporating the geographic source of each sequence and subclade age estimates into this framework, inferences about the diversification of U5 mtDNAs were made. Haplogroup U5 has been present in northern Europe since the Mesolithic, and spread in both eastern and western directions, undergoing significant diversification within Scandinavia. A review of historical and archeological evidence attests to some of the population interactions contributing to this pattern.
Conclusions
The hierBAPS algorithm accurately grouped mitogenome sequences into subclades in a phylogenetically robust manner. This analysis provided new insights into the phylogeographic structure of haplogroup U5 diversity in northern Europe, revealing a detailed perspective on the diversity of subclades in this region and their distribution in Scandinavian populations.publishedVersio
Effects of steel corrosion to BFRP Strengthened columns under eccentric loading
The experiment consists of twenty-four mid-scale rectangular RC columns (200x200x800mm) strengthening by BFRP sheets and research variables include: BFRP layer (0, 1, and 3 layers); eccentricity (25mm and 75mm); and 4 levels of steel corrosion. The results reveal that SEL (ratio of ultimate load of strengthened member to that of corresponding controlled member) is direct proportion with steel corrosion while SEV (ratio of ultimate vertical displacement of strengthened member to that of corresponding controlled member) is inverse proportion with steel corrosion; SEL slightly increases with the increase of BFRP layer and eccentricity; but SEV decreases noticeably with the increase of BFRP layer and eccentricity. In addition,the interaction between FRP sheets, stirrups, and longitudinal reinforcement in steel degraded BFRP strengthened columns is very strong.However, column design basing on current design manuals and codes as ACI 440.2R and CNR DT 200R1 has not mentioned this affect. Thus, the load capacity prediction of column being strengthened by BFRP sheets should include levels of steel corrosion for reality, reasonable, and integral of the design
Effects of steel corrosion to BFRP Strengthened columns under eccentric loading
The experiment consists of twenty-four mid-scale rectangular RC columns (200x200x800mm) strengthening by BFRP sheets and research variables include: BFRP layer (0, 1, and 3 layers); eccentricity (25mm and 75mm); and 4 levels of steel corrosion. The results reveal that SEL (ratio of ultimate load of strengthened member to that of corresponding controlled member) is direct proportion with steel corrosion while SEV (ratio of ultimate vertical displacement of strengthened member to that of corresponding controlled member) is inverse proportion with steel corrosion; SEL slightly increases with the increase of BFRP layer and eccentricity; but SEV decreases noticeably with the increase of BFRP layer and eccentricity. In addition,the interaction between FRP sheets, stirrups, and longitudinal reinforcement in steel degraded BFRP strengthened columns is very strong.However, column design basing on current design manuals and codes as ACI 440.2R and CNR DT 200R1 has not mentioned this affect. Thus, the load capacity prediction of column being strengthened by BFRP sheets should include levels of steel corrosion for reality, reasonable, and integral of the design
SOME RESULTS OF AIR MONITORING QUALITY IN HANOI AND ASSESSMENT OF AIR MONITORING METHODS USED IN VIETNAM
Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart
Viral Metagenomic Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid from Patients with Acute Central Nervous System Infections of Unknown Origin, Vietnam.
Central nervous system (CNS) infection is a serious neurologic condition, although the etiology remains unknown in >50% of patients. We used metagenomic next-generation sequencing to detect viruses in 204 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with acute CNS infection who were enrolled from Vietnam hospitals during 2012-2016. We detected 8 viral species in 107/204 (52.4%) of CSF samples. After virus-specific PCR confirmation, the detection rate was lowered to 30/204 (14.7%). Enteroviruses were the most common viruses detected (n = 23), followed by hepatitis B virus (3), HIV (2), molluscum contagiosum virus (1), and gemycircularvirus (1). Analysis of enterovirus sequences revealed the predominance of echovirus 30 (9). Phylogenetically, the echovirus 30 strains belonged to genogroup V and VIIb. Our results expanded knowledge about the clinical burden of enterovirus in Vietnam and underscore the challenges of identifying a plausible viral pathogen in CSF of patients with CNS infections
Crystal structure of 4-amino-3-(thio-phen-3-ylmeth-yl)-1<i>H</i>-1,2,4-triazole-5(4<i>H</i>)-thione.
In the title compound, C7H8N4S2, the thio-phene ring shows rotational disorder over two orientations in a 0.6957 (15):0.3043 (15) ratio. The plane of the 1,2,4-triazole ring makes a dihedral angle of 75.02 (17)° with the major-disorder component of the thiophene ring. In the crystal, two types of inversion dimers, described by the graph-set motifs R22(8) and R22(10), are formed by N-H⋯S inter-actions. Chains of mol-ecules running in the [101] direction are linked by weaker N-H⋯N inter-actions. The thio-phene ring is involved in π-π and C-H⋯π inter-actions
TextANIMAR: Text-based 3D Animal Fine-Grained Retrieval
3D object retrieval is an important yet challenging task, which has drawn
more and more attention in recent years. While existing approaches have made
strides in addressing this issue, they are often limited to restricted settings
such as image and sketch queries, which are often unfriendly interactions for
common users. In order to overcome these limitations, this paper presents a
novel SHREC challenge track focusing on text-based fine-grained retrieval of 3D
animal models. Unlike previous SHREC challenge tracks, the proposed task is
considerably more challenging, requiring participants to develop innovative
approaches to tackle the problem of text-based retrieval. Despite the increased
difficulty, we believe that this task has the potential to drive useful
applications in practice and facilitate more intuitive interactions with 3D
objects. Five groups participated in our competition, submitting a total of 114
runs. While the results obtained in our competition are satisfactory, we note
that the challenges presented by this task are far from being fully solved. As
such, we provide insights into potential areas for future research and
improvements. We believe that we can help push the boundaries of 3D object
retrieval and facilitate more user-friendly interactions via vision-language
technologies.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2304.0573
Genetic Determinants of Facial Clefting: Analysis of 357 Candidate Genes Using Two National Cleft Studies from Scandinavia
Facial clefts are common birth defects with a strong genetic component. To identify fetal genetic risk factors for clefting, 1536 SNPs in 357 candidate genes were genotyped in two population-based samples from Scandinavia (Norway: 562 case-parent and 592 control-parent triads; Denmark: 235 case-parent triads).We used two complementary statistical methods, TRIMM and HAPLIN, to look for associations across these two national samples. TRIMM tests for association in each gene by using multi-SNP genotypes from case-parent triads directly without the need to infer haplotypes. HAPLIN on the other hand estimates the full haplotype distribution over a set of SNPs and estimates relative risks associated with each haplotype. For isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate (I-CL/P), TRIMM and HAPLIN both identified significant associations with IRF6 and ADH1C in both populations, but only HAPLIN found an association with FGF12. For isolated cleft palate (I-CP), TRIMM found associations with ALX3, MKX, and PDGFC in both populations, but only the association with PDGFC was identified by HAPLIN. In addition, HAPLIN identified an association with ETV5 that was not detected by TRIMM.Strong associations with seven genes were replicated in the Scandinavian samples and our approach effectively replicated the strongest previously known association in clefting--with IRF6. Based on two national cleft cohorts of similar ancestry, two robust statistical methods and a large panel of SNPs in the most promising cleft candidate genes to date, this study identified a previously unknown association with clefting for ADH1C and provides additional candidates and analytic approaches to advance the field
Erfaringar etter handteringa av smitte og utbrot av covid-19 i Noreg hausten 2021 og vinteren 2022 i utvalde kommunar
Source at https://www.fhi.no/.Kommunane har hatt ei avgjerande rolle i handteringa av smitte og utbrot gjennom pandemien.
Kommunane har gjort dette i samarbeid med nabokommunar, statsforvaltarar og nasjonale
helsestyresmakter. Dette gjeld også for kommunane som deltok i denne gjennomgangen.
Denne rapporten har ved hjelp av intervju med eit utval kommunar hausta erfaringar om korleis ulike
kommunar har oppdaga og handtert utbrot og tiltak knytt til situasjonen lokalt, regionalt og
nasjonalt. Målet har vore å hausta erfaringar for så å kunna trekka lærdom av handteringa av covid19 i kommunane. Studieperioden har vore frå august 2021 (frå skulestart med innføring av test for
karantene) til februar 2022 (då nasjonale tiltak vart oppheva). Fokusområda i denne gjennomgangen
har vore på kontaktreduserande tiltak, TISK (testing, isolering, smittesporing og karantene), og tiltak i
skular
Erfaringsgjennomgang etter utvalgte utbrudd av covid-19 i Norge, desember 2020 – mars 2021
Source at https://www.fhi.no/Denne rapporten beskriver en erfaringsgjennomgang av utvalgte covid-19 utbrudd i
Norge, desember 2020 – mars 2021. Rapporten har blitt ledet av en intern arbeidsgruppe
ved Folkehelseinstituttet (FHI) og er gjennomført i samarbeid med Helsedirektoratet,
utvalgte kommuner og tilhørende statsforvaltere våren 2021. Hensikten har vært å
oppsummere erfaringer og lære underveis, særlig knyttet til håndtering av utbrudd med
den engelske virusvarianten og bruk av forsterket TISK (testing, isolering, smittesporing
og karantene). Denne prosessen har gitt relevant innsikt