1,828 research outputs found
Property (T) for non-unital C*-algebras
Inspired by the recent work of Bekka, we study two reasonable analogues of
property (T) for not necessarily unital C*-algebras. The stronger one of the
two is called ``property (T)'' and the weaker one is called ``property
(T_{e})''. It is shown that all non-unital C*-algebras do not have property (T)
(neither do their unitalizations). Moreover, all non-unital -unital
C*-algebras do not have property (T_e).Comment: 7 pages; to appear in J. Math. Anal. App
The structure of preserved information in quantum processes
We introduce a general operational characterization of information-preserving
structures (IPS) -- encompassing noiseless subsystems, decoherence-free
subspaces, pointer bases, and error-correcting codes -- by demonstrating that
they are isometric to fixed points of unital quantum processes. Using this, we
show that every IPS is a matrix algebra. We further establish a structure
theorem for the fixed states and observables of an arbitrary process, which
unifies the Schrodinger and Heisenberg pictures, places restrictions on
physically allowed kinds of information, and provides an efficient algorithm
for finding all noiseless and unitarily noiseless subsystems of the process
Seizure Classification of EEG based on Wavelet Signal Denoising Using a Novel Channel Selection Algorithm
Epilepsy is a disorder of the nervous system that can affect people of any
age group. With roughly 50 million people worldwide diagnosed with the
disorder, it is one of the most common neurological disorders. The EEG is an
indispensable tool for diagnosis of epileptic seizures in an ideal case, as
brain waves from an epileptic person will present distinct abnormalities.
However, in real world situations there will often be biological and electrical
noise interference, as well as the issue of a multichannel signal, which
introduce a great challenge for seizure detection. For this study, the Temple
University Hospital (TUH) EEG Seizure Corpus dataset was used. This paper
proposes a novel channel selection method which isolates different frequency
ranges within five channels. This is based upon the frequencies at which normal
brain waveforms exhibit. A one second window was selected, with a 0.5 second
overlap. Wavelet signal denoising was performed using Daubechies 4 wavelet
decomposition, thresholding was applied using minimax soft thresholding
criteria. Filter banking was used to localise frequency ranges from five
specific channels. Statistical features were then derived from the outputs.
After performing bagged tree classification using 500 learners, a test accuracy
of 0.82 was achieved.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication at the 13th Asia Pacific
Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference
(APSIPA ASC
Epileptic multi-seizure type classification using electroencephalogram signals from the Temple University Hospital Seizure Corpus:A review
Epilepsy is one of the most paramount neurological diseases, affecting about 1% of the world's population. Seizure detection and classification are difficult tasks and are ongoing challenges in biomedical signal processing to enhance medical diagnosis. This paper presents and highlights the unique frequency and amplitude information found within multiple seizure types, including their morphologies, to aid the development of future seizure classification algorithms. Whilst many published works in the literature have reported on seizure detection using electroencephalogram (EEG), there has yet to be an exhaustive review detailing multi-seizure type classification using EEG. Therefore, this paper also includes a detailed review of multi-seizure type classification performance based on the Temple University Hospital Seizure Corpus (TUSZ) dataset for focal and generalised classification, and multi-seizure type classification. Deep learning techniques have a higher overall average performance for focal and generalised classification compared to machine learning techniques, whereas hybrid deep learning approaches have the highest overall average performance for multi-seizure type classification. Finally, this paper also highlights the limitations of the TUSZ dataset and suggests some future work, including the curation of a standardised training and testing dataset from the TUSZ that would allow a proper comparison of classification methods and spur advancement in the field.</p
Information preserving structures: A general framework for quantum zero-error information
Quantum systems carry information. Quantum theory supports at least two
distinct kinds of information (classical and quantum), and a variety of
different ways to encode and preserve information in physical systems. A
system's ability to carry information is constrained and defined by the noise
in its dynamics. This paper introduces an operational framework, using
information-preserving structures to classify all the kinds of information that
can be perfectly (i.e., with zero error) preserved by quantum dynamics. We
prove that every perfectly preserved code has the same structure as a matrix
algebra, and that preserved information can always be corrected. We also
classify distinct operational criteria for preservation (e.g., "noiseless",
"unitarily correctible", etc.) and introduce two new and natural criteria for
measurement-stabilized and unconditionally preserved codes. Finally, for
several of these operational critera, we present efficient (polynomial in the
state-space dimension) algorithms to find all of a channel's
information-preserving structures.Comment: 29 pages, 19 examples. Contains complete proofs for all the theorems
in arXiv:0705.428
Re-weighting of somatosensory inputs from the foot and the ankle for controlling posture during quiet standing following trunk extensor muscles fatigue
The present study focused on the effects of trunk extensor muscles fatigue on
postural control during quiet standing under different somatosensory conditions
from the foot and the ankle. With this aim, 20 young healthy adults were asked
to stand as immobile as possible in two conditions of No fatigue and Fatigue of
trunk extensor muscles. In Experiment 1 (n = 10), somatosensation from the foot
and the ankle was degraded by standing on a foam surface. In Experiment 2 (n =
10), somatosensation from the foot and ankle was facilitated through the
increased cutaneous feedback at the foot and ankle provided by strips of
athletic tape applied across both ankle joints. The centre of foot pressure
displacements (CoP) were recorded using a force platform. The results showed
that (1) trunk extensor muscles fatigue increased CoP displacements under
normal somatosensatory conditions (Experiment 1 and Experiment 2), (2) this
destabilizing effect was exacerbated when somatosensation from the foot and the
ankle was degraded (Experiment 1), and (3) this destabilizing effect was
mitigated when somatosensation from the foot and the ankle was facilitated
(Experiment 2). Altogether, the present findings evidenced re-weighting of
sensory cues for controlling posture during quiet standing following trunk
extensor muscles fatigue by increasing the reliance on the somatosensory inputs
from the foot and the ankle. This could have implications in clinical and
rehabilitative areas
Photon Production from Nonequilibrium Disoriented Chiral Condensates in a Spherical Expansion
We study the production of photons through the non-equilibrium relaxation of
a disoriented chiral condensate formed in the expanding hot central region in
ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. It is found that the expansion
smoothes out the resonances in the process of parametric amplification such
that the non-equilibrium photons are dominant to the thermal photons over the
range 0.2-2 GeV. We propose that to search for non-equilibrium photons in the
direct photon measurements of heavy-ion collisions can be a potential test of
the formation of disoriented chiral condensates.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure
Air fluorescence measurements in the spectral range 300-420 nm using a 28.5 GeV electron beam
Measurements are reported of the yield and spectrum of fluorescence, excited
by a 28.5 GeV electron beam, in air at a range of pressures of interest to
ultra-high energy cosmic ray detectors. The wavelength range was 300 - 420 nm.
System calibration has been performed using Rayleigh scattering of a nitrogen
laser beam. In atmospheric pressure dry air at 304 K the yield is 20.8 +/- 1.6
photons per MeV.Comment: 29 pages, 10 figures. Submitted to Astroparticle Physic
An Overview of Recent Application of Medical Infrared Thermography in Sports Medicine in Austria
Medical infrared thermography (MIT) is used for analyzing physiological functions related to skin temperature. Technological advances have made MIT a reliable medical measurement tool. This paper provides an overview of MIT’s technical requirements and usefulness in sports medicine, with a special focus on overuse and traumatic knee injuries. Case studies are used to illustrate the clinical applicability and limitations of MIT. It is concluded that MIT is a non-invasive, non-radiating, low cost detection tool which should be applied for pre-scanning athletes in sports medicine
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