574 research outputs found
Elastocapillary folding of three dimensional micro-structures using water pumped through the wafer via a silicon nitride tube
In this paper we present the first investigation of a batch method for folding of threedimensional micrometer-sized silicon nitride structures by capillary forces. Silicon nitride tubes have been designed and fabricated using DRIE at the center of the planar origami patterns of the structures. Water is brought to the structures by pumping the liquid through the wafer via those tubes. Isolated micro-structures were successfully folded using this method. The potential of this technique for batch self-assembly is discussed
Recommended from our members
Wetting behavior of selected crude oil/brine/rock systems. Topical report, March 1, 1995--March 31, 1996
Previous studies of crude oil/brine/rock (COBR) and related ensembles showed that wettability and its effect on oil recovery depend on numerous complex interactions. In the present work, the wettability of COBR ensembles prepared using Prudhoe Bay crude oil, a synthetic formation brine, and Berea Sandstone was varied by systematic change in initial water saturation and length of aging time at reservoir temperature (88 C). All displacement tests were run at ambient temperature. Various degrees of water wetness were achieved and quantified by a modified Amott wettability index to water, the relative pseudo work of imbibition, and a newly defined apparent advancing dynamic contact angle. Pairs of spontaneous imbibition (oil recovery by spontaneous imbibition of water) and waterflood (oil recovery vs. pore volumes of water injected) curves were measured for each of the induced wetting states. Several trends were observed. Imbibition rate, and hence water wetness, decreased with increase in aging time and with decrease in initial water saturation. Breakthrough recoveries and final oil recovery by waterflooding increased with decrease in water wetness. Correlations between water wetness and oil recovery by waterflooding and spontaneous imbibition are presented
A self-consistent method to analyze the effects of the positive Q-value neutron transfers on fusion
AbstractConsidering the present limitation of the need for external parameters to describe the nucleus–nucleus potential and the couplings in the coupled-channels calculations, this work introduces an improved method without adjustable parameter to overcome the limitation and then sort out the positive Q-value neutron transfers (PQNT) effects based on the CCFULL calculations. The corresponding analysis for Ca+Ca, S,Ca+Sn, and S,Ca+Zr provides a reliable proof and a quantitative evaluation for the residual enhancement (RE) related to PQNT. In addition, the RE for S32,Ca40+Zr94 shows an unexpected larger enhancement than S32,Ca40+Zr96 despite the similar multi-neutron transfer Q-values. This method should rather strictly test the fusion models and be helpful for excavating the underlying physics
Phase diagram and upper critical field of homogenously disordered epitaxial 3-dimensional NbN films
We report the evolution of superconducting properties with disorder, in
3-dimensional homogeneously disordered epitaxial NbN thin films. The effective
disorder in NbN is controlled from moderately clean limit down to Anderson
metal-insulator transition by changing the deposition conditions. We propose a
phase diagram for NbN in temperature-disorder plane. With increasing disorder
we observe that as kFl-->1 the superconducting transition temperature (Tc) and
minimum conductivity (sigma_0) go to zero. The phase diagram shows that in
homogeneously disordered 3-D NbN films, the metal-insulator transition and the
superconductor-insulator transition occur at a single quantum critical point at
kFl~1.Comment: To appear in Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism
(ICSM2010 proceedings
How Many CMEs Have Flux Ropes? Deciphering the Signatures of Shocks, Flux Ropes, and Prominences in Coronagraph Observations of CMEs
We intend to provide a comprehensive answer to the question on whether all
Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) have flux rope structure. To achieve this, we
present a synthesis of the LASCO CME observations over the last sixteen years,
assisted by 3D MHD simulations of the breakout model, EUV and coronagraphic
observations from STEREO and SDO, and statistics from a revised LASCO CME
database. We argue that the bright loop often seen as the CME leading edge is
the result of pileup at the boundary of the erupting flux rope irrespective of
whether a cavity or, more generally, a 3-part CME can be identified. Based on
our previous work on white light shock detection and supported by the MHD
simulations, we identify a new type of morphology, the `two-front' morphology.
It consists of a faint front followed by diffuse emission and the bright
loop-like CME leading edge. We show that the faint front is caused by density
compression at a wave (or possibly shock) front driven by the CME. We also
present high-detailed multi-wavelength EUV observations that clarify the
relative positioning of the prominence at the bottom of a coronal cavity with
clear flux rope structure. Finally, we visually check the full LASCO CME
database for flux rope structures. In the process, we classify the events into
two clear flux rope classes (`3-part', `Loop'), jets and outflows (no clear
structure). We find that at least 40% of the observed CMEs have clear flux rope
structures. We propose a new definition for flux rope CMEs (FR-CMEs) as a
coherent magnetic, twist-carrying coronal structure with angular width of at
least 40 deg and able to reach beyond 10 Rsun which erupts on a time scale of a
few minutes to several hours. We conclude that flux ropes are a common
occurrence in CMEs and pose a challenge for future studies to identify CMEs
that are clearly not FR-CMEs.Comment: 26 pages, 9 figs, to be published in Solar Physics Topical Issue
"Flux Rope Structure of CMEs
Star Models with Dark Energy
We have constructed star models consisting of four parts: (i) a homogeneous
inner core with anisotropic pressure (ii) an infinitesimal thin shell
separating the core and the envelope; (iii) an envelope of inhomogeneous
density and isotropic pressure; (iv) an infinitesimal thin shell matching the
envelope boundary and the exterior Schwarzschild spacetime. We have analyzed
all the energy conditions for the core, envelope and the two thin shells. We
have found that, in order to have static solutions, at least one of the regions
must be constituted by dark energy. The results show that there is no physical
reason to have a superior limit for the mass of these objects but for the ratio
of mass and radius.Comment: 20 pages, 1 figure, references and some comments added, typos
corrected, in press GR
Phase- coherent comparison of two optical frequency standards over 146 km using a telecommunication fiber link
We have explored the performance of two "dark fibers" of a commercial
telecommunication fiber link for a remote comparison of optical clocks. The two
fibers, linking the Leibniz University of Hanover (LUH) with the
Physi-kalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) in Braunschweig, are connected in
Hanover to form a total fiber length of 146 km. At PTB the performance of an
optical frequency standard operating at 456 THz was imprinted to a cw trans-fer
laser at 194 THz, and its frequency was transmitted over the fiber. In order to
detect and compensate phase noise related to the optical fiber link we have
built a low-noise optical fiber interferometer and investigated noise sources
that affect the overall performance of the optical link. The frequency
stability at the remote end has been measured using the clock laser of PTB's
Yb+ frequency standard operating at 344 THz. We show that the frequency of a
frequency-stabilized fiber laser can be transmitted over a total fiber length
of 146 km with a relative frequency uncertainty below 1E-19, and short term
frequency instability given by the fractional Allan deviation of
sy(t)=3.3E-15/(t/s)
On the Nature and Genesis of EUV Waves: A Synthesis of Observations from SOHO, STEREO, SDO, and Hinode
A major, albeit serendipitous, discovery of the SOlar and Heliospheric
Observatory mission was the observation by the Extreme Ultraviolet Telescope
(EIT) of large-scale Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) intensity fronts propagating
over a significant fraction of the Sun's surface. These so-called EIT or EUV
waves are associated with eruptive phenomena and have been studied intensely.
However, their wave nature has been challenged by non-wave (or pseudo-wave)
interpretations and the subject remains under debate. A string of recent solar
missions has provided a wealth of detailed EUV observations of these waves
bringing us closer to resolving their nature. With this review, we gather the
current state-of-art knowledge in the field and synthesize it into a picture of
an EUV wave driven by the lateral expansion of the CME. This picture can
account for both wave and pseudo-wave interpretations of the observations, thus
resolving the controversy over the nature of EUV waves to a large degree but
not completely. We close with a discussion of several remaining open questions
in the field of EUV waves research.Comment: Solar Physics, Special Issue "The Sun in 360",2012, accepted for
publicatio
Single Spin Asymmetry in Polarized Proton-Proton Elastic Scattering at GeV
We report a high precision measurement of the transverse single spin
asymmetry at the center of mass energy GeV in elastic
proton-proton scattering by the STAR experiment at RHIC. The was measured
in the four-momentum transfer squared range \GeVcSq, the region of a significant interference between the
electromagnetic and hadronic scattering amplitudes. The measured values of
and its -dependence are consistent with a vanishing hadronic spin-flip
amplitude, thus providing strong constraints on the ratio of the single
spin-flip to the non-flip amplitudes. Since the hadronic amplitude is dominated
by the Pomeron amplitude at this , we conclude that this measurement
addresses the question about the presence of a hadronic spin flip due to the
Pomeron exchange in polarized proton-proton elastic scattering.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure
High non-photonic electron production in + collisions at = 200 GeV
We present the measurement of non-photonic electron production at high
transverse momentum ( 2.5 GeV/) in + collisions at
= 200 GeV using data recorded during 2005 and 2008 by the STAR
experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The measured
cross-sections from the two runs are consistent with each other despite a large
difference in photonic background levels due to different detector
configurations. We compare the measured non-photonic electron cross-sections
with previously published RHIC data and pQCD calculations. Using the relative
contributions of B and D mesons to non-photonic electrons, we determine the
integrated cross sections of electrons () at 3 GeV/10 GeV/ from bottom and charm meson decays to be = 4.0({\rm
stat.})({\rm syst.}) nb and =
6.2({\rm stat.})({\rm syst.}) nb, respectively.Comment: 17 pages, 17 figure
- …