22,673 research outputs found
Collective rearrangement at the onset of flow of a polycrystalline hexagonal columnar phase
Creep experiments on polycrystalline surfactant hexagonal columnar phases
show a power law regime, followed by a drastic fluidization before reaching a
final stationary flow. The scaling of the fluidization time with the shear
modulus of the sample and stress applied suggests that the onset of flow
involves a bulk reorganization of the material. This is confirmed by X-ray
scattering under stress coupled to \textit{in situ} rheology experiments, which
show a collective reorientation of all crystallites at the onset of flow. The
analogy with the fracture of heterogeneous materials is discussed.Comment: to appear in Phys. Rev. Let
Brain-machine interfaces for rehabilitation in stroke: A review
BACKGROUND: Motor paralysis after stroke has devastating consequences for the patients, families and caregivers. Although therapies have improved in the recent years, traditional rehabilitation still fails in patients with severe paralysis. Brain-machine interfaces (BMI) have emerged as a promising tool to guide motor rehabilitation interventions as they can be applied to patients with no residual movement. OBJECTIVE: This paper reviews the efficiency of BMI technologies to facilitate neuroplasticity and motor recovery after stroke. METHODS: We provide an overview of the existing rehabilitation therapies for stroke, the rationale behind the use of BMIs for motor rehabilitation, the current state of the art and the results achieved so far with BMI-based interventions, as well as the future perspectives of neural-machine interfaces. RESULTS: Since the first pilot study by Buch and colleagues in 2008, several controlled clinical studies have been conducted, demonstrating the efficacy of BMIs to facilitate functional recovery in completely paralyzed stroke patients with noninvasive technologies such as the electroencephalogram (EEG). CONCLUSIONS: Despite encouraging results, motor rehabilitation based on BMIs is still in a preliminary stage, and further improvements are required to boost its efficacy. Invasive and hybrid approaches are promising and might set the stage for the next generation of stroke rehabilitation therapies.This study was funded by the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung BMBF MOTORBIC (FKZ13GW0053)andAMORSA(FKZ16SV7754), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), the fortüne-Program of the University of Tübingen (2422-0-0 and 2452-0-0), and the Basque GovernmentScienceProgram(EXOTEK:KK2016/00083). NIL was supported by the Basque Government’s scholarship for predoctoral students
Generating Interpretable Fuzzy Controllers using Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic Programming
Autonomously training interpretable control strategies, called policies,
using pre-existing plant trajectory data is of great interest in industrial
applications. Fuzzy controllers have been used in industry for decades as
interpretable and efficient system controllers. In this study, we introduce a
fuzzy genetic programming (GP) approach called fuzzy GP reinforcement learning
(FGPRL) that can select the relevant state features, determine the size of the
required fuzzy rule set, and automatically adjust all the controller parameters
simultaneously. Each GP individual's fitness is computed using model-based
batch reinforcement learning (RL), which first trains a model using available
system samples and subsequently performs Monte Carlo rollouts to predict each
policy candidate's performance. We compare FGPRL to an extended version of a
related method called fuzzy particle swarm reinforcement learning (FPSRL),
which uses swarm intelligence to tune the fuzzy policy parameters. Experiments
using an industrial benchmark show that FGPRL is able to autonomously learn
interpretable fuzzy policies with high control performance.Comment: Accepted at Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference 2018
(GECCO '18
The type N Karlhede bound is sharp
We present a family of four-dimensional Lorentzian manifolds whose invariant
classification requires the seventh covariant derivative of the curvature
tensor. The spacetimes in questions are null radiation, type N solutions on an
anti-de Sitter background. The large order of the bound is due to the fact that
these spacetimes are properly , i.e., curvature homogeneous of order 2
but non-homogeneous. This means that tetrad components of are constant, and that essential coordinates first appear as
components of . Covariant derivatives of orders 4,5,6 yield one
additional invariant each, and is needed for invariant
classification. Thus, our class proves that the bound of 7 on the order of the
covariant derivative, first established by Karlhede, is sharp. Our finding
corrects an outstanding assertion that invariant classification of
four-dimensional Lorentzian manifolds requires at most .Comment: 7 pages, typos corrected, added citation and acknowledgemen
An intrinsic state for an extended version of the interacting boson model
An intrinsic-state formalism for IBM-4 is presented. A basis of deformed
bosons is introduced which allows the construction of a general trial wave
function which has Wigner's spin-isospin SU(4) symmetry as a particular limit.
Intrinsic-state calculations are compared with exact ones showing good
agreement.Comment: 12 pages, TeX (ReVTeX). Content changed. Accepted in Phys. Rev.
Anharmonic double-phonon excitations in the interacting boson model
Double- vibrations in deformed nuclei are analyzed in the context of
the interacting boson model. A simple extension of the original version of the
model towards higher-order interactions is required to explain the observed
anharmonicities of nuclear vibrations. The influence of three- and four-body
interactions on the moments of inertia of ground- and -bands, and on
the relative position of single- and double- bands is studied
in detail. As an example of a realistic calculation, spectra and transitions of
the highly -anharmonic nuclei Dy, Er, and Er
are interpreted in this approach.Comment: 38 pages, TeX (ReVTeX). 15 ps figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev.
Equivariant log concavity and representation stability
We expand upon the notion of equivariant log concavity, and make equivariant log concavity conjectures for Orlik--Solomon algebras of matroids, Cordovil algebras of oriented matroids, and Orlik--Terao algebras of hyperplane arrangements. In the case of the Coxeter arrangement for the Lie algebra , we exploit the theory of representation stability to give computer assisted proofs of these conjectures in low degree
A deconstruction of Cox’s proportional hazards model and an inquiry into its ability to predict the outcome of Chapter 11 bankruptcy proceedings
Set against the backdrop of Chapter 11 proceedings in the United States, a specification of Cox’s proportional hazards model proposed by Partington, Stevenson, Russel and Torbey (2001) was examined for its stability over time. Faced with findings of instability consistent with those of Wong, Partington, Stevenson and Torbey (2007), the model was respecified to only include two firm-specific covariates (capturing firm size and earnings) and a time-dependent market-wide covariate. A ‘calendar-time model’ was then introduced to enable analysis of the firm-specific covariates in abstraction from the systematic effects of time. With such effects controlled for, the suggestion was made that any remnant instability in the model was a result of non-systematic factors reflecting the changing nature of firms which filed for Chapter 11 protection during the period examined.Discipline of Financ
Spin-orbit induced mixed-spin ground state in NiO perovskites probed by XAS: new insight into the metal to insulator transition
We report on a Ni L edges x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) study
in NiO perovskites. These compounds exhibit a metal to insulator ()
transition as temperature decreases. The L edge presents a clear
splitting in the insulating state, associated to a less hybridized ground
state. Using charge transfer multiplet calculations, we establish the
importance of the crystal field and 3d spin-orbit coupling to create a
mixed-spin ground state. We explain the transition in NiO
perovskites in terms of modifications in the Ni crystal field splitting
that induces a spin transition from an essentially low-spin (LS) to a
mixed-spin state.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted as PRB - Rapid Comm. Dez. 200
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