ANALISYS OF THE THERAPEUTIC FACTORS IN THE THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY PODSUSED AMONG THE WAR RELATED DIAGNOSIS AND THE OTHERS

Therapeutic community/TC/ is a sociotherapeutic method that uses sociotherapeutic and psychotherapeutic techniques for various mental disorders. In Croatia, during and after the war many war veterans have been in treatment through TC and many of them still participate in it. Majority of them were diagnosed with PTSD diagnosis, but some of them also had other diagnosis, e.g. depression, paranoid delusion, etc. In this paper we describe principles of TC that we use in Croatia and we also try to find out which curative factors of TC are the most important for this population. We applied semistructured intervju based on Yalom book of practice and theory of psychotherapy to explore what factors do war veterans find the most important and relevant for their resilience and better coping with everyday issues

Metal-insulator transition induced by 16O -18O oxygen isotope exchange in colossal negative magnetoresistance manganites

The effect of 16O-18O isotope exchange on the electric resistivity was studied for (La(1-y)Pr(y))0.7Ca0.3MnO3 ceramic samples. Depending on y, this mixed perovskite exhibited different types of low-temperature behavior ranging from ferromagnetic metal (FM) to charge ordered (CO) antiferromagnetic insulator. It was found that at y=0.75, the substitution of 16O by 18O results in the reversible transition from a FM to a CO insulator at zero magnetic field. The applied magnetic field (H >= 2 T) transformed the sample with 18O again to the metallic state and caused the increase in the FM transition temperature Tc of the 16O sample. As a result, the isotope shift of Tc at H = 2 T was as high as 63 K. Such unique sensitivity of the system to oxygen isotope exchange, giving rise even to the metal-insulator transition, is discussed in terms of the isotope dependence of the effective electron bandwidth which shifts the balance between the CO and FM phases.Comment: 5 pages (RevTeX), 2 eps figures included, to appear in J. Appl. Phys. 83, (1998

Utilization of the Net Heat Process Tail Gases in the Reactor for the Production of Oil-Furnace Carbon Black

Otpadni procesni plinovi niske donje toplinske vrijednosti koji nastaju kao sporedni proizvod industrijske proizvodnje uljno-pećnih čađa mogu se energetski učinkovito iskoristiti prije konačnog ispuštanja u atmosferu. Osim što se upotrebljavaju za sušenje mokro granulirane uljno-pećne čađe, proizvodnju pare i električne energije te se spaljuju na baklji, učinkovito se mogu iskoristiti i kao zamjena goriva u reaktorima za proizvodnju uljno-pećnih čađa uz povećanje iskorištenja ugljikovodične sirovine. U radu je prikazano tehnološko-tehničko rješenje iskorištenja topline otpadnih procesnih plinova niske donje toplinske vrijednosti u reaktoru za proizvodnju "tvrdih" tipova uljno-pećnih čađa uz povećanje iskorištenja ugljikovodične sirovine. Uvođenje predgrijanih procesnih otpadnih plinova niske donje toplinske vrijednosti u reaktor za proizvodnju "tvrdih" tipova uljno-pećnih čađa ostvareno je serijskim spajanjem četiriju ventilatora. Sustav je izveden pomoću ventilatora predviđenih za pneumatski transport smjese uljno-pećne čađe u prahu i otpadnih procesnih plinova. Navedenom izvedbom osiguran je stabilan tehnološki proces uvođenja otpadnih procesnih plinova niske donje toplinske vrijednosti u reakcijsku zonu sagorijevanja prirodnog plina u predgrijanom zraku. Prilikom proizvodnje uljno-pećne čađe N220 pokazano je da se upotrebom otpadnih procesnih plinova niske donje toplinske vrijednosti u količini Q od 1000 do 2000 m3 h-1 po reaktoru ostvaruje ušteda prirodnog plina od 10 do 20 %,uz istodobno povećanje iskorištenja ugljikovodične sirovine od 7 do 9%.Tail gases of low calorific value, which are the by-product of oil-furnace carbon black industrial production, can be efficiently used as energy before their final release into the atmosphere. Apart from being used mainly for heating dryers, production of steam, electricity, or flared, they can also be used as a substitute for fuel in the reactor for the production of oil-furnace carbon blacks, thus increasing the efficiency of the hydrocarbon raw feedstock. This technical paper represents the technical-technological solution for applying the waste heat of the low calorific tail gases in the reactor for the production of "hard" grade oil-furnace carbon blacks with savings of the hydrocarbon raw feedstock. The introduction of the preheated low calorific tail gases in the reactor for the production of "hard" grade oil-furnace carbon blacks is achieved by serial cascading of four fans. The system consists of fans designed to pneumatically transport the mixture of process tail gases and oil-furnace carbon black dust particles. This ensures a stable technological process for the introduction of the low calorific process tail gases into the reaction zone where the natural gas and preheated air are combusted. In the production of oil-furnace carbon black N220, it is shown that by using low calorific process tail gases in the amount from 1000 to 2000 m3 h–1 per reactor, savings from 10 to 20 % of natural gas and simultaneously 7 to 9 % of the hydrocarbon raw feedstoks were achieved

Filtration of Oil-furnace Carbon Black Dust Particles from the Tail Gases by Filter Bags With PTFE Membrane

Prilikom industrijskog procesa proizvodnje uljno-pećnih čađa u zrak se emitiraju otpadni procesni plinovi koji uz plinovite onečišćujuće tvari sadrže i čestice prašine uljno-pećnih čađa. Na postrojenju za proizvodnju uljno-pećne čađe Petrokemije d. d. postoji šest ispusta otpadnih procesnih plinova u zrak. Prije svakog ispusta postavljena je procesna oprema za filtriranje otpadnih procesnih plinova. Učinkovitost filtriranja ponajprije ovisi o konstrukcijskoj izvedbi opreme te odabranoj tehnologiji filtriranja. Blizina naselja, kakvoća zraka kutinskog područja s obzirom na lebdeće čestice PM10 i obveza tvrtke za stalnim unapređenjem stanja okoliša nameću potrebu pronalaženja sve boljih mjera smanjenja emisija čestica prašine uljno-pećnih čađa u zrak. Zbog toga je dizajniran poseban ciklofiltar za filtriranje čestica prašine uljno-pećnih čađa od otpadnih procesnih plinova uz primjenu filtar-vreća s PTFE-membranom (politetrafluoretilen). Posebna konstrukcija ciklofiltra ostvarena je kombinacijom centrifugalnog taložnika i vrećastog filtra "pulse- jet". Kombinacijom dviju tehnika filtriranja čestica prašine uljno-pećnih čađa od otpadnih procesnih plinova osigurava se maksimalna učinkovitost filtriranja od η = 99,9 %. U konstrukcijskom dijelu vrećastog filtra upotrebljavaju se filtar-vreće najnovije generacije s ugrađenim PTFE membranama, koje se naknadno čiste pomoću stlačenog zraka. Tehnologija filtriranja pomoću PTFE-membrana osigurava učinkovitost filtriranja od maksimalno γ = 5 mg m-3 čestica prašine uljno-pećnih čađa u pročišćenim izlaznim otpadnim procesnim plinovima. Učinkovitost filtriranja prati se kontinuiranim mjerenjem emisije čestica prašine uljno-pećnih čađa u pročišćenim izlaznim otpadnim procesnim plinovima putem automatskog neekstraktivnog uređaja. Ostvarena tehnologija filtriranja poslužit će kao osnova za ugradnju filtar-vreća s PTFE-membranom u glavne operacijske filtre, čime će se osigurati poboljšana zaštita zraka grada Kutine s obzirom na lebdeće čestice PM10.During the industrial production of oil furnace carbon black, tail gases containing oil-furnace carbon black dust particles are emitted to the atmosphere. In the carbon black plant, Petrokemija d. d., there are six exhaust stacks for tail gases. Each of them has installed process equipment for cleaning tail gases. Efficiency of cleaning mainly depends on equipment construction and cleaning technology. The vicinity of the town, quality of the air in the region of Kutina, regarding floating particles PM10, and corporate responsibility for further enviromental improvement, imposes development of new methods that will decrease the emmision of oil-furnace carbon black dust particles in the air. Combining centrifugal percipitator and filter, special construction of cyclofilter for filtration of oil-furnace carbon black dust particles from tail gases by using PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) membrane filter bags, was designed. Developed filtration technique provides η = 99.9 % efficiency of filtration. Construction part of the filter contains the newest generation of PTFE membrane filter bags with the ability of jet pulse cleaning. Using the PTFE membrane filter bags technology, filtration efficiency for oil-furnace carbon black dust particles in tail gases of maximum γ=5mgm-3 can be achieved. The filtration efficiency was monitored continuously measuring the concentration of the oil-furnace carbon black dust particles in the tail gases with the help of in situ electronic probe. The accomplished filtration technology is the base for the installation of the PTFE membrane filter bags in the main operation filters which will provide better protection of the air in the town of Kutina against floating particles PM10

Lattice dynamics of coesite

The lattice dynamics of coesite has been studied by a combination of diffuse x-ray scattering, inelastic x-ray scattering and ab initio lattice dynamics calculations. The combined technique gives access to the full lattice dynamics in the harmonic description and thus eventually provides detailed information on the elastic properties, the stability and metastability of crystalline systems. The experimentally validated calculation was used for the investigation of the eigenvectors, mode character and their contribution to the density of vibrational states. High-symmetry sections of the reciprocal space distribution of diffuse scattering and inelastic x-ray scattering spectra as well as the density of vibrational states and the dispersion relation are reported and compared to the calculation. A critical point at the zone boundary is found to contribute strongly to the main peak of the low-energy part in the density of vibrational states. Comparison with the most abundant SiO2 polymorph - α-quartz - reveals similarities and distinct differences in the low-energy vibrational properties

Thermal Oxidation of Tail Gases from the Production of Oil-furnace Carbon Black

U radu je prikazana tehnologija proizvodnje uljno-pećne čađe i odabrano tehnološko rješenje u funkciji zaštite zraka. Prilikom industrijskog procesa proizvodnje uljno-pećne čađe osim glavnog proizvoda, kao sporedni proizvodi nastaju i otpadni procesni plinovi. Otpadni procesni plinovi nastali prilikom industrijskog procesa proizvodnje uljno-pećne čađe po kvalitativnom sastavu sastoje se od: ugljikovog (IV) oksida, ugljikovog(II) oksida, vodika, metana, sumporovodika, dušika, kisika i vodene pare. Ovisno o vrsti uljne sirovine za proizvodnju te samom proizvodnom tipu uljno pećne-čađe mijenja se kvantitativan sastav i donja kalorična vrijednost otpadnih procesnih plinova. Donja kalorična vrijednost otpadnih procesnih plinova relativno je mala i nalazi se u području od 1500 do 2300 kJ m–3. U konvencionalnom procesu proizvodnje uljno-pećne čađe pročišćeni otpadni procesni plinovi od čestica čađe ispuštaju se u atmosferu bez ikakve dodatne obrade. Na taj način otpadni procesni plinovi zagađuju atmosferu, jer njihove kvantitativne vrijednosti višestruko premašuju dopuštene granice emisije za sumporovodik i ugljikov(II) oksid, čime se znatno narušava kvaliteta lokalnog zraka grada Kutine. Logično tehnološko rješenje sprječavanja zagađivanja zraka je spaljivanje otpadnih procesnih plinova, odnosno njihova termalna oksidacija. Kao sredstvo za termalnu oksidaciju otpadnih procesnih plinova odabrana je posebno dizajnirana izvedba baklje. Sustav baklje dizajniran je tako da omogućuje termalnu oksidaciju otpadnih procesnih plinova male kalorične vrijednosti s 99%-tnom djelotvornošću uz minimalnu potrošnju prirodnog plina potrebnog za oksidaciju. Na taj način se štetne i zapaljive komponente (sumporovodik, vodik, ugljikov (II) oksid te metan i ostali ugljikovodici u tragovima) prevode u kvalitativno-kvantitativan ekološki prihvatljivij sastav otpadnih procesnih plinova (sumporov(IV) oksid, vodena para, ugljikov (IV) oksid, dušikov(IV) oksid), koji udovoljavaju propisanim graničnim vrijednostima emisije i kakvoće zraka (Uredbe NN 133/2005. i NN 21/2007.) Ispravnim tehnološkim radom sustava baklji u industrijskom postrojenju proizvodnje uljno-pećne čađe ostvareno je rješavanje problema onečišćavanja zraka grada Kutine, posebno prizemnih masenih koncentracija sumporovodika. Usporedo s razvojem sustava baklji uspostavlja se i sustav kontinuiranog praćenja onečišćujućih tvari u zrak (sumporovodik i ugljikov(II) oksid) te njegovo povezivanje s Agencijom za zaštitu okoliša.This paper describes the production technology of oil-furnace carbon black, as well as the selected solution for preventing the emissions of this process from contaminating the environment. The products of industrial oil-furnace carbon black production are different grades of carbon black and process tail gases. The qualitative composition of these tail gases during the production of oil-furnace carbon black are: carbon(IV) oxide, carbon(II) oxide, hydrogen, methane, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, oxygen, and water vapor. The quantitative composition and lower caloric value of process tail gases change depending on the type of feedstock used in the production, as well as the type of process. The lower caloric value of process tail gases is relatively small with values ranging between 1500 and 2300 kJ m–3. In the conventional production of oil-furnace carbon black, process tail gases purified from carbon black dust are freely released into the atmosphere untreated. In this manner, the process tail gases pollute the air in the town of Kutina, because their quantitative values are much higher than the prescribed emissions limits for hydrogen sulfide and carbon(II) oxide. A logical solution for the prevention of such air pollution is combustion of the process tail gases, i. e. their thermal oxidation. For this purpose, a specially designed flare system has been developed. Consuming minimum amounts of natural gas needed for oxidation, the flare system is designed to combust low caloric process tail gases with 99 % efficiency. Thus, the toxic and flammable components of the tail gases (hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen, carbon(II) oxide, methane and other trace hydrocarbons) would be transformed into environmentally acceptable components (sulfur(IV) oxide, water, carbon(IV) oxide and nitrogen(IV) oxide), which are in compliance with the emissions limit values prescribed by law. Proper operation of this flare system in the production of oil-furnace carbon black would solve the air pollution problem in the town of Kutina, especially the concentrations of hydrogen sulfide in the troposphere. Together with the development of this flare system, a continuous air-pollutant (hydrogen sulfide and carbon(II) oxide) monitoring system shall be established and linked with the Environmental Protection Agency

Reducing day-level emotional exhaustion: The complementary role of high involvement work systems and engaging leadership

High involvement work systems (HIWS) have been found to be improve employee well-being. The underlying processes through which HIWS influence employee well-being and the conditions under which these practices work are not fully understood. This study draws on job demands-resources theory to address this gap by theorising two novel mediators, that is, work pressure and bonding social capital, to explain how HIWS influence emotional exhaustion. We further proposed that engaging leadership as a proxy of line manager implementation of HIWS would strengthen these relationships. An integrated model is presented on how, why, and when HIWS influence employee well-being. Using data collected from 97 employees in a pharmaceutical company via a general survey and then a diary survey for 5 working days, this study found that HIWS alleviated day-level emotional exhaustion through their experience of higher day-level bonding social capital and lower day-level work pressure and these relationships were stronger under high level of engaging leadership

InN thin film lattice dynamics by grazing incidence inelastic x-ray scattering

Achieving comprehensive information on thin film lattice dynamics so far has eluded well established spectroscopic techniques. We demonstrate here the novel application of grazing incidence inelastic x-ray scattering combined with ab initio calculations to determine the complete elastic stiffness tensor, the acoustic and low-energy optic phonon dispersion relations of thin wurtzite indium nitride films. Indium nitride is an especially relevant example, due to the technological interest for optoelectronic and solar cell applications in combination with other group III nitrides.J. S. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation by CICYT Grants No. MAT2010-2-129-C02-01 and No. ENE2008-04373, and by Generalitat de Catalunya Grant No. 2009SGR1251. F. J. M. is thankful for the financial support from CICYT projects No. CSD2007-00045 and No. MAT2010-21270-C04-04, and the "Programa de Incentivo a la Investigacion" of the Universidad Politecnica de Valencia through project No. UPV2010-0096. A. H. R. has been supported by CONACyT Mexico under projects No. TAMU-Conacyt and No. J-83247-F. We acknowledge the beam time granted by ESRF.Serrano, J.; Bosak, A.; Krisch, M.; Manjón Herrera, FJ.; Romero, AH.; Garro, N.; Wang, X.... (2011). InN thin film lattice dynamics by grazing incidence inelastic x-ray scattering. Physical Review Letters. 106(20):2055011-2055014. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.205501S2055011205501410620Wu, J., Walukiewicz, W., Yu, K. M., Ager, J. W., Haller, E. E., Lu, H., … Nanishi, Y. (2002). Unusual properties of the fundamental band gap of InN. Applied Physics Letters, 80(21), 3967-3969. doi:10.1063/1.1482786Davydov, V. Y., Klochikhin, A. A., Seisyan, R. P., Emtsev, V. V., Ivanov, S. V., Bechstedt, F., … Graul, J. (2002). Absorption and Emission of Hexagonal InN. Evidence of Narrow Fundamental Band Gap. physica status solidi (b), 229(3), r1-r3. doi:10.1002/1521-3951(200202)229:33.0.co;2-oJones, R. E., Yu, K. M., Li, S. X., Walukiewicz, W., Ager, J. W., Haller, E. E., … Schaff, W. J. (2006). Evidence forp-Type Doping of InN. Physical Review Letters, 96(12). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.96.125505Song, J.-H., Akiyama, T., & Freeman, A. J. (2008). Stabilization of Bulkp-Type and Surfacen-Type Carriers in Mg-Doped InN{0001}Films. Physical Review Letters, 101(18). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.101.186801Qian, Z. G., Shen, W. Z., Ogawa, H., & Guo, Q. X. (2004). Experimental studies of lattice dynamical properties in indium nitride. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 16(12), R381-R414. doi:10.1088/0953-8984/16/12/r01Davydov, V. Y., Emtsev, V. V., Goncharuk, I. N., Smirnov, A. N., Petrikov, V. D., Mamutin, V. V., … Inushima, T. (1999). Experimental and theoretical studies of phonons in hexagonal InN. Applied Physics Letters, 75(21), 3297-3299. doi:10.1063/1.125330Majumdar, A. (1993). Microscale Heat Conduction in Dielectric Thin Films. Journal of Heat Transfer, 115(1), 7-16. doi:10.1115/1.2910673Xu, K., & Yoshikawa, A. (2003). Effects of film polarities on InN growth by molecular-beam epitaxy. Applied Physics Letters, 83(2), 251-253. doi:10.1063/1.1592309Gonze, X., Beuken, J.-M., Caracas, R., Detraux, F., Fuchs, M., Rignanese, G.-M., … Allan, D. C. (2002). First-principles computation of material properties: the ABINIT software project. Computational Materials Science, 25(3), 478-492. doi:10.1016/s0927-0256(02)00325-7Gonze, X. (2005). A brief introduction to the ABINIT software package. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials, 220(5/6). doi:10.1524/zkri.220.5.558.65066Gonze, X., Amadon, B., Anglade, P.-M., Beuken, J.-M., Bottin, F., Boulanger, P., … Zwanziger, J. W. (2009). ABINIT: First-principles approach to material and nanosystem properties. Computer Physics Communications, 180(12), 2582-2615. doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2009.07.007Troullier, N., & Martins, J. L. (1991). Efficient pseudopotentials for plane-wave calculations. Physical Review B, 43(3), 1993-2006. doi:10.1103/physrevb.43.1993Hartwigsen, C., Goedecker, S., & Hutter, J. (1998). Relativistic separable dual-space Gaussian pseudopotentials from H to Rn. Physical Review B, 58(7), 3641-3662. doi:10.1103/physrevb.58.3641Kim, K., Lambrecht, W. R. L., & Segall, B. (1996). Elastic constants and related properties of tetrahedrally bonded BN, AlN, GaN, and InN. Physical Review B, 53(24), 16310-16326. doi:10.1103/physrevb.53.16310Sarasamak, K., Limpijumnong, S., & Lambrecht, W. R. L. (2010). Pressure-dependent elastic constants and sound velocities of wurtzite SiC, GaN, InN, ZnO, and CdSe, and their relation to the high-pressure phase transition: A first-principles study. Physical Review B, 82(3). doi:10.1103/physrevb.82.035201Wright, A. F. (1997). Elastic properties of zinc-blende and wurtzite AlN, GaN, and InN. Journal of Applied Physics, 82(6), 2833-2839. doi:10.1063/1.366114Łepkowski, S. P., Majewski, J. A., & Jurczak, G. (2005). Nonlinear elasticity in III-N compounds:Ab initiocalculations. Physical Review B, 72(24). doi:10.1103/physrevb.72.245201Bungaro, C., Rapcewicz, K., & Bernholc, J. (2000). Ab initiophonon dispersions of wurtzite AlN, GaN, and InN. Physical Review B, 61(10), 6720-6725. doi:10.1103/physrevb.61.6720Manjón, F. J., Marí, B., Serrano, J., & Romero, A. H. (2005). Silent Raman modes in zinc oxide and related nitrides. Journal of Applied Physics, 97(5), 053516. doi:10.1063/1.185622

A eukaryote assemblage intercalated with Marinoan glacial deposits in South Australia

Video of digital X-ray tomographs (µCT) in longitudinal plane through cylinder of siltstone, maximum diameter seen (left to right when viewing movie) is 5.4m