Principali patogeni e difesa

Olive as other woody perennial crops can be affected by several systemic pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and several vector-borne viruses. The most important olive diseases, caused by different pathogens, are described in this text. Pathogen biology, diagnostic technique and control strategies are reported for each disease. The main and widespread bacterial disease, caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi, is the olive knot. As concerns the most important and widespread fungal diseases, in this text are described the olive leaf spot, Verticillum wilt, cercosporiosis, anthracnose, fruit rot, parasitic brusca, root rot, sooty mold and wood rot. Infections caused by viruses are generally symptomless and do not result in diseased plants. Although, viruses do not cause detrimental disease on olive varieties, the infected olive trees represent a reservoir of virus inoculum for other crops, where these viruses are known to cause severe disease. Detection of these viruses represent an important critical step in the sanitary improvement of this crop. Recently, molecularbased assays have been effectively implemented to detect at least 8 of the 15 viruses known to infect this crop. Sanitation program using in vitro culture of shoot tip and thermotherapy have been recently described to recover virus-free plantlets.Realizzato nell'ambito del progetto "Ricerca ed Innovazione per l'Olivicoltura Meridionale", finanziato dal MiPAAFMiPAAF - Ministero delle politiche agricole alimentari e forestal

An enhanced platform for cell electroporation: controlled delivery and electrodes functionalization

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Optimizing Nozzle Geometry for Controlling Properties of Molecular Beam with Heavy Organic Molecules

Abstract. The flow in conical supersonic micronozzles and behind them by deposition of pentacene accelerated by helium was studied with the use of direct simulation Monte-Carlo method. The Knudsen number in critical cross-section of nozzles is 0.0043. A directedness of resulting accelerated pentacene flow was studied as a function of cone angle and geometrical Mach number of the nozzle. The intensity of heavy gas flow in the hypersonic region can be elevated by one order using supersonic nozzles

Functionalized microelectrodes arrays with integrated microfluidic channels for single-site multiple

Nowadays, different chemical and physical transfection techniques are used to delivery biomolecules of interest (e.g. DNA, RNA, proteins) into cells. Among the physical methods, electroporation generates transient pores in the plasma membrane by applying electrical pulses to suspended cells. One of its main limitations is the lack of spatio-temporal control over the process: it does not allow to select single cells (desirable requirement especially in highly heterogeneous tissues), and to monitor the transfection results in real-time. To circumvent these disadvantages, alternative microscale approaches are increasingly required. This work presents an integrated platform consisting of a gold microelectrode array (MEA) for singlesite electroporation and fluidic channels for controlled delivery of bio-chemical entities . In order to improve the efficiency of electroporation, the gold electrodes were coated with a thin film of nanostructured of Titanium Dioxide

Government intervention and financial sector development

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A straightforward synthesis and partial hydrolysis of cysteine-derived 2,5-diketopiperazines

A mild and straightforward preparation of cysteine-derived 2,5-diketopiperazines (DKPs) is reported, by cyclization of (R)-2,2-dimethyltetrahydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid hydrochloride or of (R)-tetrahydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid hydrochloride, mediated by HBTU and DIEA. One DKP has been characterized by X-ray analysis, while the other one has been hydrolyzed to cyclo-Cys-Cys. The preparation of this latter compound as been previously reported by a troublesome and low yielding preparation