368 research outputs found

    Bone Proteomics Method Optimization for Forensic Investigations

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    \ua9 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.The application of proteomic analysis to forensic skeletal remains has gained significant interest in improving biological and chronological estimations in medico-legal investigations. To enhance the applicability of these analyses to forensic casework, it is crucial to maximize throughput and proteome recovery while minimizing interoperator variability and laboratory-induced post-translational protein modifications (PTMs). This work compared different workflows for extracting, purifying, and analyzing bone proteins using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS including an in-StageTip protocol previously optimized for forensic applications and two protocols using novel suspension-trap technology (S-Trap) and different lysis solutions. This study also compared data-dependent acquisition (DDA) with data-independent acquisition (DIA). By testing all of the workflows on 30 human cortical tibiae samples, S-Trap workflows resulted in increased proteome recovery with both lysis solutions tested and in decreased levels of induced deamidations, and the DIA mode resulted in greater sensitivity and window of identification for the identification of lower-abundance proteins, especially when open-source software was utilized for data processing in both modes. The newly developed S-Trap protocol is, therefore, suitable for forensic bone proteomic workflows and, particularly when paired with DIA mode, can offer improved proteomic outcomes and increased reproducibility, showcasing its potential in forensic proteomics and contributing to achieving standardization in bone proteomic analyses for forensic applications

    Z' effects and anomalous gauge couplings at LC with polarization

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    We show that the availability of longitudinally polarized electron beams at a 500 GeV Linear Collider would allow, from an analysis of the reaction e^+e^-\to W^+W^-, to set stringent bounds on the couplings of a Z' of the most general type. In addition, to some extent, it would be possible to disentangle observable effects of the Z' from analogous ones due to competitor models with anomalous trilinear gauge couplings.Comment: 22 pages LaTex, 6 figures available on request, revised version accepted for publication in Int. J. Mod. Phys.

    Photon tagged correlations in heavy ion collisions

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    A detailed study of various two-particle correlation functions involving photons and neutral pions is presented in proton-proton and lead-lead collisions at the LHC energy. The aim is to use these correlation functions to quantify the effect of the medium (in lead-lead collisions) on the jet decay properties. The calculations are carried out at the leading order in QCD but the next-to-leading order corrections are also discussed. The competition between different production mechanisms makes the connection between the jet energy loss spectrum and the gamma-pi correlations somewhat indirect while the gamma-gamma correlations have a clearer relation to the jet fragmentation properties.Comment: 32 pages, 19 figures. Minor changes, published versio

    TeV Scale Left Right Symmetry and Flavor Changing Neutral Higgs Effects

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    In minimal left-right symmetric models, the mass of the neutral Higgs field mediating tree-level flavor changing effects (FCNH) is directly related to the parity breaking scale. Specifically, the lower bound on the Higgs mass coming from Higgs-induced tree-level effects, and exceeding about 15 TeV, would tend to imply a W_R mass bound much higher than that required by gauge exchange loop effects -- the latter allowing W_R masses as low as 2.5 TeV. Since a W_R mass below 4 TeV is accessible at the LHC, it is important to investigate ways to decouple the FCNH effects from the W_R mass. In this paper, we present a model where this happens, providing new motivation for LHC searches for W_R in the 1 - 4 TeV mass range.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure. v3: a typo and a bug in the constraint from D0-D0bar mixing fixed. Plots slightly changed, results and conclusions untouched. Matches journal versio

    Hadronic Total Cross-sections Through Soft Gluon Summation in Impact Parameter Space

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    The Bloch-Nordsieck model for the parton distribution of hadrons in impact parameter space, constructed using soft gluon summation, is investigated in detail. Its dependence upon the infrared structure of the strong coupling constant αs\alpha_s is discussed, both for finite as well as singular, but integrable, αs\alpha_s. The formalism is applied to the prediction of total proton-proton and proton-antiproton cross-sections, where screening, due to soft gluon emission from the initial valence quarks, becomes evident.Comment: 20 pages, Latex2e, input FEYNMAN,12 postscipt figures. Submitted to PR

    Soft Gluon kt-Resummation and the Froissart bound

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    We study soft gluon kt-resummation and the relevance of zero momentum gluons for the energy dependence of total hadronic cross-sections. We discuss a model in which consistency of the energy dependence of the cross-section with the limitation of the Froissart bound, is directly related to the behaviour of the strong coupling constant in the infrared region. Our predictions for the asymptotic behaviour are shown to be related to the ansatz that the infrared behaviour of the QCD strong coupling constant follows an inverse power law.Comment: To be published in Physics Letters B. This version is 25% shorter than the previous one, as requested by the restrictions on the number of pages for this Journal. Some equations have been skipped, some text has been summarized. The earliest version may be useful for a better understanding of some of the materia

    New Physics Potential with a Neutrino Telescope

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    Active Galactic Nuclei are considered as sources of neutrinos, with neutrino energies extending up to 10^{18} eV. It is expected that these highly energetic cosmic neutrinos will be detected by the neutrino telescopes, presently under construction. The detection process is very sensitive to the total muon neutrino cross-section. We examine how the total cross section changes at high energies, by the single production of excited fermions (excited muon and muon-neutrino). For parameters (masses, couplings) of the excited fermions allowed by the experimental constraints, we find that for energies of the incoming muon-neutrino above 100 TeV the cross-section for single production of (excited muon and muon-neutrino) supersedes the standard total cross-section.Comment: 12 pages and 2 figures; typset using revtex; postscript files for the figures provide

    Constraints on Z' from W^+W^- production at the NLC with polarized beams

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    We discuss the potential of NLC500 and NLC1000 to probe Z-Z' mixing and mass by the reaction e^+e^- -> W^+W^- with longitudinally polarized electrons. We perform a model-independent analysis of the deviations from the Standard Model, and apply it to a specific class of extended weak gauge models. Results indicate that the corresponding bounds at the NLC500 complement the present ones obtained from LEP1, and rapidly become quite stringent at the higher energy of the NLC1000. Also, we emphasize the importance of initial beam polarization in improving the sensitivity to mixing.Comment: 15 pages Latex, 8 figures available on request from [email protected]

    FRA-1 protein overexpression is a feature of hyperplastic and neoplastic breast disorders

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    BACKGROUND: Fos-related antigen 1 (FRA-1) is an immediate early gene encoding a member of AP-1 family of transcription factors involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and other biological processes. fra-1 gene overexpression has an important role in the process of cellular transformation, and our previous studies suggest FRA-1 protein detection as a useful tool for the diagnosis of thyroid neoplasias. Here we investigate the expression of the FRA-1 protein in benign and malignant breast tissues by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, RT-PCR and qPCR analysis, to evaluate its possible help in the diagnosis and prognosis of breast neoplastic diseases. METHODS: We investigate the expression of the FRA-1 protein in 70 breast carcinomas and 30 benign breast diseases by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, RT-PCR and qPCR analysis. RESULTS: FRA-1 protein was present in all of the carcinoma samples with an intense staining in the nucleus. Positive staining was also found in most of fibroadenomas, but in this case the staining was present both in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and the number of positive cells was lower than in carcinomas. Similar results were obtained from the analysis of breast hyperplasias, with no differences in FRA-1 expression level between typical and atypical breast lesions; however the FRA-1 protein localization is mainly nuclear in the atypical hyperplasias. In situ breast carcinomas showed a pattern of FRA-1 protein expression very similar to that observed in atypical hyperplasias. Conversely, no FRA-1 protein was detectable in 6 normal breast tissue samples used as controls. RT-PCR and qPCR analysis confirmed these results. Similar results were obtained analysing FRA-1 expression in fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) samples. CONCLUSION: The data shown here suggest that FRA-1 expression, including its intracellular localization, may be considered a useful marker for hyperplastic and neoplastic proliferative breast disorders
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