1,504 research outputs found

    Compactness Ratio as an Indicator for the Efficiency of Road Transportation Network in Postmodern Iraqi Cities

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    The location of the city affects the composition and distribution of land uses, where topography and terrain works to influence the forms taken by cities and regions and the modes of transport used. Thus, the proportion of solidarity greatly affect the roads and streets, which take multiple forms vary depending on the modes of transport used in them. Since the distribution of road networks is efficient and achieves the mobility of thepopulation in the city the more efficient the activities and events distributed in the area of the city, so it was necessary to rely on two main factors, the area and the population in measuring the degree of availability of the road network in the city to evaluate the efficiency of Connected. As the greater the proportion of the compactness of the city, the more concentrated uses of the ground at a higher density and less transportdistance, which is the city of Iraq pre-modernity to give greater efficiency of the transport network and vice versa when the proportion of solidarity to the city scattered uses of the earth less intensity and a greater transport distance, Post-modernity to give less efficiency to the transport network. Therefore, it was necessary to assess the efficiency of the network in the urban area by measuring the proportion of solidarity. Therefore, the index of the ratio of the integration of the transport network as an indicator of the integration of the city through its application to the urban centers of the provinces of Iraq to measure the efficiency of the transport network

    Emergence of Raoultella ornithinolytica producing AmpC -Beta lactamases in the different clinical specimens

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    The incidence of AmpC β –lactamases producing member of Enterobacteriaceae is increasing in recent years. The aim of this study was to evaluate AmpC β –lactamases production by clinical isolates of Raoultella  ornithinolytica by phenotypic detection (AmpC  disc  test (ADT) and modified three dimensional test(MTDT)) . Twenty isolates(8.73%) of Raoultella sp. were identified among 229 (70.89%) different bacteria (gram negative and gram positive) that isolated from different clinical specimens (urine 8(9.8%), burns 5(12.19%), wound5(6.3%) and stool 2(8.6%)) .Three species of Raoultella were isolated in this study that included Raoultella  ornithinolytica (16(6.98%)), Raoultella  terrigena (3 (1.31%)) and Raoultella planticola(1(0.43%)). Thirteen (81%) and10(62.5%) of Raoultella  ornithinolytica were resist to cefoxitin and amoxicillin-clavulanate respectively,10 out of 13 cefoxitin resistant and all isolates that resistant to   amoxicillin-clavulanate were produced AmpC β –lactamases by two  phenotypic tests .The AmpC β – lactamases producers were distributed to 3(100%) from burns ,6(75%)from urine and 1(33.3%) from wounds .The study showed AmpC β – lactamases producers were also high resist to other antibiotics that included tetracycline (90%) and ciprofloxacin(80%),and all isolates (100%) were sensitive to imipenem . KEYWORDS: Raoultella ornithinolytica, AmpC β –lactamases, clinical specimens

    Antitumour activity of adenovirus-12 structural proteins against Moloney sarcoma tumours in mice.

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    When purified fibre and hexon proteins of adenovirus 12 were given intramuscularly to 4-week-old BALB/c mice (250-300 mug/mouse) 2 h prior to inoculation with mouse sarcoma virus (0.05 ml of 10(4) FFU/ml) at the same site, significant suppression of tumour growth (P less than 0.001), and rapid regression in tumour size (P less than 0.001) were noted. As a rule, the survival rate in treated mice was also significantly higher than in untreated mice. Furthermore, the disease process in treated mice as compared to untreated mice was far less extensive as judged by the scarcity of sarcoma lesions on the spleens. Preliminary evidence suggested that treatment with fibre could lead to increased cellular immunity in mice. Whether this may be a secondary consequence of events whereby fibre inhibited tumour growth rather than first order mechanism of the inhibition is not known

    Pemikiran Thomas Kuhn dan Relevansinya terhadap Keilmuan Islam

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    Thomas Kuhn dengan konsep revolusi ilmiahnya memiliki karakteristik pemikiran dan model filsafat baru dalam hal sejarah lahirnya ilmu pengetahuan dan filsafat sains serta peranan sejarah ilmu pengetahuan dalam mengkonstruksi ataupun merekonstruksi munculnya ilmu pengetahuan baru. Bagi Thomas Kuhn sejarah ilmu pengetahuan merupakan starting point dalam mengkaji permasalahan fundamental dalam epistemologi keilmuan karena sains pada dasarnya selalu ditandai dengan kuatnya paradigma serta revolusi ilmiah setelahnya. Fase inilah yang diistilahkan Thomas Kuhn sebagai fase sejarah lahirnya ilmu pengetahuan baru, dimulai dengan normal science, kemudian terjadi anomaly dan crisis, setelah itu barulah muncul revolusi ilmiah sebagai bentuk lahirnya ilmu pengetahuan baru. Pemikiran Thomas Kuhn tersebut dapat dikontekstualisasikan dengan pengembangan keilmuan Islam dengan tujuan membangun keterbukaan pemikiran keislaman terhadap anomali dan crisis serta munculnya revolusi dalam ilmu keislaman sehingga memotivasi munculnya paradigma baru di ranah keilmuan Islam. Berbagai pendekatan dalam studi Islam dapat digunakan seperti pendekatan normatif, historis, sosiologis, antropologis dan pendekatan lainnya dalam rangka membumikan Islam menjadi agama yang rahmatan lil alamin

    New Urbanism and the City Planning (Implications of the Application of the New Urbanism Principles on the Land Uses in Al-Karkh in Baghdad City)

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    Over the past 60 years, towns and cities were under a great transformation. The city has become less defined through its physical boundaries with a development 0f suburban area with a huge number 0f separate houses. The City is the essence 0f our civilization and it provides a frame for social life. Gardens, streets planner, and yard brings people together well and gives them a chance 0f social encounters, which have economic also. Friendly and beautiful cities can bring life insurance to people in urban areas. The ”New Urbanism” is the most influential planning movements since the late twentieth century. The planning ideas and successful projects 0f new urbanism lead us to better living conditions. Under the influence 0f globalization, the urban construction0f cities inevitably influenced by the impact 0f new ideas and at the same time, during the process 0f construction emerged some urban problems. Activities in the city need a particular place or space that can be done by the coordinate 0f that space. The place or the land is the most important factor in shaping the physicalenvironment and the context 0f urban activities. It has always been regarded as a base for urban construction by planners. Planning 0f land use ”as the core 0f urban planning” plays an important role in the spatial and temporal organization 0f cities. The study 0f new urbanism principles in land use planning in urban areas is based on its benefits on planning at all levels 0f the study 0f human communities 0f mass and streets inthe regions and cities. Over the past decades, the city 0f Baghdad has grown rapidly in a random and uncontrolled way and a kind 0f unsustainable urbanization has taken place

    Optimization of coagulation-flocculation process for pastas industry effluent using response surface methodology

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    The goal of this study was to characterize and then optimize the treatment process of effluent generated from couscous and pasta industry. The crude effluent is characterized by a high level of organic concentration (from 2269 to 4383 mg/l). The optimization of coagulation-flocculation process was then performed to minimize chemical oxygen demand (COD). The experiments were carried out using the response surface methodology (RSM). A central composite design (CCD) was used to evaluate the effects and the interactions of three factors; coagulant dosage, flocculant dosage and pH on the wastewater treatment efficiency. Quadratic models was developed for the response variables and it successfully describes the experimental data (R2= 0.728). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that only the coefficients corresponding to the flocculant dosage were significant (p < 0.0001). In order to take into account the variability of the initial organic concentration of the effluent, the CCD was repeated thrice by using a wastewater having initially different organic charges (530, 1775 and 2722 mg/l). Whatever was the initial organic charge of the wastewater, the optimal coagulant dosage was found constant (about 50 mg/l) and the optimal pH value was about 11.0. On the contrary, the optimal flocculant dosage varied linearly (from 24 to 50 mg/l) with the initial COD (from 529 to 2722 mg/l). These optimal conditions allow a COD removal varying from 78 to 93%. Irrigation and germination tests were carried out with treated and untreated wastewater and they showed that these effluents could be adequately recycled in culture irrigation.Key words: Couscous and pasta industry effluent, COD removal, central composite design, response surface methodology (RSM), irrigation tests

    Nozzle Wear and Pressure Rise in Heating Volume of Self-blast Type Ultra-high Pressure Nitrogen Arc

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    This paper reports on experiments with ultra-high pressure nitrogen arcs in a self-blast type switch design. The effect of filling pressure on nozzle mass loss and pressure-rise in the heating volume were investigated. An arc current peak of 130 A at 190 Hz and a fixed inter-electrode gap of 50 mm were used throughout the experiment. The arc burns inside a polytetrafluoroethylene nozzle with a gas outflow vent in the middle. Nitrogen filling pressure of 1 bar, 20 bar, and 40 bar was tested, which also covers the supercritical region. Moreover, to study the effect of vent size on blow pressure near current zero, three different vent dimensions were investigated. By increasing the filling pressure, the energy deposited in the arc increases as a result of increased arcing voltage. It was observed that the pressure-rise in the heating volume is linked to the filling pressure, while the vent size plays a crucial role in the blow pressure near current zero. The nozzle mass loss per unit energy deposited in the arc is found to be independent of the filling pressure

    Swordfish growth pattern in the strait of Gibraltar; implications for mixing among Atlantic and Mediterranean stocks

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    A growth study of the swordfish in the Strait of Gibraltar was carried out, based on monthly size frequencies data collected from the Moroccan driftnet fishery during the period 2006-2011. The growth parameters were estimated by the modal progression analysis (MPA), using both the Bhattacharya and NORMSEP methods. The standard von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF) for length was found to be: Lt =253.6 [1-exp (- 0.17(t + 1.30))]. The growth pattern of swordfish in the Strait of Gibraltar was found to be very similar to that obtained from past studies in various Mediterranean areas. Given the existing growth differences among Atlantic and Mediterranean swordfish, this suggests that the majority of fish caught in this area are most likely belonging to the Mediterranean stock. However, further studies are needed to identify the degree of mixing among stocks

    Pengaruh Teknik Send A Problem terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Daftar Pustaka Siswa Kelas XI SMA Negeri 4 Lubuklinggau

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    The objective of this research was to determine whether there is influence of the send a problem technique to the ability to write a bibliography. Influence was shown from the completeness of the results of student learning class XI SMA Negeri 4 Lubuklinggau in writing a list of libraries after applied the send a problem technique. Quantitative methods of quasi experiments are used in answering the purposes of this study. Techniques in collecting data in the form of a form of a description test technique. The research population was all students in class XI amounted to 138 students consisting of 4 classes. The sample in this research was class XI. MIA 4 which amounted to 34 students. Data analysis technique begins with the normality test, and continued with t test by looking at the difference between the KKM value which was hypothesised is 74 with the mean postes. Based on the result of test analysis with t test formula, to greater than ttable at 5 percnet significance level that is 2.60 bigger than 2.04. Thus, the results of student learning class XI SMA Negeri 4 Lubuklinggau in writing the list of libraries after applied the send a problem technique significantly completed. Keywords: Influence, Send a Problem Technique, Write Bibliography

    Partially Purification M Protein from Streptococcus Pyogens and Molecular Study of Some Virulence Factors

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    The current study was conducted to isolation one type of surface protein of Streptococcus pyogens this protein separated using partially purification method. Purifiction  process include precipitation of crude  M protein  one peak of this protein was appeared, the best precipitate rate was 30% . PCR assay were performed to identify the presence of some genes related to pathogenicity in bacteria responsible from Tonsillitis .Streptococcus pyogens represented the largest causative agent of inflammation of the tonsil so the study revealed the presence of certain gene in some isolate of bacteria, including the gene SpeB that gave large proportions in the study isolates 12 out of 37 at a rate of (32.4%). Keywords : S.pyogens , Tonsillitis , M protein ,PCR ,Spe
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