Guía de información para el control de la contaminación de gases y humos del proceso de soldadura.

El sector metalmecánico es uno de los más importantes para el desarrollo de un País necesitando la utilización de materias primas importantes como la soldadura que une dos o más metales por medio de una fusión localizada generando varios procesos por los cuales se producen gases y humos que afectan tanto al soldador, dando como resultado diferentes tipos de enfermedades, como también al ambiente y el entorno básico del lugar. Para este proyecto se realiza un diagnóstico de condiciones de trabajo del soldador que incluye factores de riesgo básicos en el desarrollo del mismo como los físicos y químicos, condiciones de seguridad, sicolaborales y ergonómicas. El análisis parte de la base de la identificación del factor de riesgo, siguiendo por la valoración del mismo arrojando como resultados algunas disposiciones que se van a tomar en cuenta para la elaboración de la guía. Se estructura una guía en este trabajo en donde se plasman buenas prácticas para el control de la contaminación de gases y humos de soldaduras y la protección del soldador, advirtiendo tres de los procesos más usados (SMAW, MIG Y TIG) y de los cuales se generan diferentes materiales peligrosos que ocasionan enfermedades que pasan desde una simple molestia o gripa hasta dificultades para respirar con daño pulmonar llegando algunas veces al cáncer. La importancia que tiene la seguridad industrial para el soldador es tenida muy en cuenta con el uso de guantes, gafas, delantal, mangas, capuchón, botas, protectores auriculares, una careta y una mascarilla con filtros que soporten partículas metálicas diminutas. La guía que se desarrolla en este documento es de origen informativa permitiendo reunir elementos importantes para orientar la forma de realizar el trabajo del soldador con buenos estándares de seguridad industrial y respeto por el entorno ambiental con los que relaciona. La forma que debe actuar el trabajador y el empleador está regido por normas que se deben cumplir sin discusión alguna dando la posibilidad de tener buenas prácticas de trabajo y como consecuencia alcanzar niveles notables de productividad por tener personal con adecuadas condiciones de salud minimizando los riesgos profesionales en el sitio, la afectación del entorno ambiental y su posible contaminación. En la búsqueda de buenas prácticas para el desarrollo del trabajo del soldador se relacionan diferentes métodos de control de gases y humos que se pueden generar de los procesos de soldadura y su selección depende del caso en especial en donde se pueden sumar factores como la dimensión de la pieza, la posición para soldar, la movilidad del soldador, el espacio utilizado, el área dispuesta por la empresa, entre otros

How should the sustainability of the location of dry ports be measured? A proposed methodology using Bayesian networks and multi-criteria decision analysis

The global economic structure, with its decentralized production and the consequent increase in freight traffic all over the world, creates considerable problems and challenges for the freight transport sector. This situation has led shipping to become the most suitable and cheapest way to transport goods. Thus, ports are configured as nodes with critical importance in the logistics supply chain as a link between two transport systems, sea and land. Increase in activity at seaports is producing three undesirable effects: increasing road congestion, lack of open space in port installations and a significant environmental impact on seaports. These adverse effects can be mitigated by moving part of the activity inland. Implementation of dry ports is a possible solution and would also provide an opportunity to strengthen intermodal solutions as part of an integrated and more sustainable transport chain, acting as a link between road and railway networks. In this sense, implementation of dry ports allows the separation of the links of the transport chain, thus facilitating the shortest possible routes for the lowest capacity and most polluting means of transport. Thus, the decision of where to locate a dry port demands a thorough analysis of the whole logistics supply chain, with the objective of transferring the largest volume of goods possible from road to more energy efficient means of transport, like rail or short-sea shipping, that are less harmful to the environment. However, the decision of where to locate a dry port must also ensure the sustainability of the site. Thus, the main goal of this article is to research the variables influencing the sustainability of dry port location and how this sustainability can be evaluated. With this objective, in this paper we present a methodology for assessing the sustainability of locations by the use of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and Bayesian Networks (BNs). MCDA is used as a way to establish a scoring, whilst BNs were chosen to eliminate arbitrariness in setting the weightings using a technique that allows us to prioritize each variable according to the relationships established in the set of variables. In order to determine the relationships between all the variables involved in the decision, giving us the importance of each factor and variable, we built a K2 BN algorithm. To obtain the scores of each variable, we used a complete cartography analysed by ArcGIS. Recognising that setting the most appropriate location to place a dry port is a geographical multidisciplinary problem, with significant economic, social and environmental implications, we consider 41 variables (grouped into 17 factors) which respond to this need. As a case of study, the sustainability of all of the 10 existing dry ports in Spain has been evaluated. In this set of logistics platforms, we found that the most important variables for achieving sustainability are those related to environmental protection, so the sustainability of the locations requires a great respect for the natural environment and the urban environment in which they are framed

Effective Osteogenic Priming of Mesenchymal Stem Cellsthrough LNA-ASOs-Mediated Sfrp1 Gene Silencing

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has emerged as a promising approach for bone regeneration. Importantly, the beneficial effects of MSCs can be improved by modulating the expression levels of specific genes to stimulate MSC osteogenic differentiation. We have previously shown that Smurf1 silencing by using Locked Nucleic Acid-Antisense Oligonucleotides, in combination with a scaffold that sustainably releases low doses of BMP-2, was able to increase the osteogenic potential of MSCs in the presence of BMP-2 doses significantly smaller than those currently used in the clinic. This would potentially allow an important reduction in this protein in MSs-based treatments, and thus of the side effects linked to its administration. We have further improved this system by specifically targeting the Wnt pathway modulator Sfrp1. This approach not only increases MSC bone regeneration efficiency, but is also able to induce osteogenic differentiation in osteoporotic human MSCs, bypassing the need for BMP-2 induction, underscoring the regenerative potential of this system. Achieving successful osteogenesis with the sole use of LNA-ASOs, without the need of administering pro-osteogenic factors such as BMP-2, would not only reduce the cost of treatments, but would also open the possibility of targeting these LNA-ASOs specifically to MSCs in the bone marrow, allowing us to treat systemic bone loss such as that associated with osteoporosis. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Funding: This research was funded by a grant from the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y competitividad (Project RTI2018- 097324) and two grants from the Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL (PREVAL19/02 and PREVAL 20/01)

Modelos de pronósticos de la demanda turística: una revisión de los estudios actuales

Tourism has gained vital importance in recent times as it is one of the economic activities that brings the greatest benefits to a country, both in the social, economic and environmental spheres. Consequently, demand forecasting models in the sector are adequate tools that support decision-making. In this sense, several authors have made important contributions in the field of science that help improve tourism management. This leads to the objective of analyzing current trends in tourism forecasting models using the R bibliometrix tool, covering 254 research articles published between 2017 and 2021. The main results show that the models for forecasting tourism demand they are constantly evolving and there is no single model that works well for all situations. It can also be seen that due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the forecast models for that year were unusable; however, it was the year with the most publications. Similarly, this research allowed to identify the main countries, scientific journals and authors who address the study of tourism demand.El turismo ha cobrado vital importancia en los últimos tiempos al ser una de las actividades económicas que mayores beneficios aportan a un país, tanto en el ámbito social, económico como ambiental. Consecuentemente, los modelos de pronósticos de la demanda en el sector constituyen herramientas adecuadas que sirven de soporte en la toma de decisiones.  En este sentido, varios autores han realizado importantes aportes en el campo de la ciencia que ayudan a mejorar la gestión turística. Lo que conlleva a plantear como objetivo el análisis de las tendencias actuales de los modelos de previsión turística mediante la herramienta R bibliometrix, cubriendo 254 artículos de investigación publicados entre 2017 y 2021. Los principales resultados arrojan que los modelos para el pronóstico de la demanda turística se encuentran en una evolución constante y no existe un modelo único que funcione bien para todas las situaciones. También se puede apreciar que a causa de la pandemia de COVID-19, los modelos de pronóstico para ese año fueron inservibles; sin embargo, fue el año de más publicaciones. De igual modo, la presente investigación permitió identificar los principales países, revistas científicas y autores que abordan el estudio de la demanda turística

Polyphenolic Profile, Sugar Consumption and Organic Acids Generation along Fermentation of Infusions from Guava (Pisidium guajava) by the Kombucha Consortium

The kombucha beverage is typically prepared from black tea, sweetened with sucrose, inoculated with previously fermented liquid broth and/or tea fungus pellicle, and incubated. Alternative sources have been used for kombucha beverages. Guava leaves have been used for long time as traditional medicine. It is found in many commercially available botanical supplements in form of decoction, milled and used as comprises. They are rich in polyphenolic compounds. Several changes are produced during fermentation of the beverages. The main objective of the present work is to characterize fermentation process of guava leaves infusions by kombucha and studying possible chemical changes in their polyphenolic profile. Infusions from guava leaves were prepared and fermented by the kombucha consortium. The pH, titrable acidity, polyphenolic compounds, sugar consumption, organic acid along the fermentation was made by UPLC-ESI-MS. Kombucha from Camellia sinensis (CS) was made as a control. Higher rate of sucrose consumption was observed for Kombucha made with CS, also, higher production of organic acids (acetic and succinic acid) was observed too. Both behaviors were related to the content of glucose. The flavan-3-ols were diminishing along the fermentation time, with the exception of epigallocatechin in Camellia sinensis, Flavan-3-ol content in Guava leaves was low. Higher content of dicaffeoyl quinnic acid was observed for both systems in special for CS, falling after a maximum peak; minor constituents of hydroxycinnamic acids were stable along the fermentation for both systems

Optimización en las actuaciones de mejora de la eficiencia energética en la edificación

Presentando las particularidades de España tanto del sistema eléctrico de potencia como del estado actual de la edificación, se plantea la eficiencia energética, como una solución necesaria e interesante para el usuario. El estudio realizado posteriormente busca la optimización técnico-económica por parte del usuario en la selección de las actuaciones constructivas de mejora, desarrollando una metodología de análisis y decisión, extrapolable a otro tipo de aplicaciones

Nanocolumnar films: sustainable manufacturing and applications in biomedicine

Resumen del trabajo presentado en la 3rd International Conference on Nanomaterials Applied to Life Sciences (NALS 2022), celebrada en Santander (España), del 27 al 29 de abril de 2022Nanocolumnar films (NCFs) can be manufactured by glancing angle deposition with magnetron sputtering. This technique is environmentally friendly: it is carried out at RT in a single step (moderate energy consumption) and does not involve chemical products (no recycling issues). Depending on several parameters (namely the gas pressure, the electromagnetic power, the angle of inclination of the substrate and its possible rotation), the nanocolumnar structure can be controlled [1]. Moreover, this method can be scaled up to large surfaces, representing a valid approach for the industrial production of nanostructured films [2]. In particular, concerning biomedicine, NCFs made of Ti, Au and Pt have been fabricated and successfully employed in several applications. Ti NCFs can be used as antibacterial coatings for orthopedic implants [2,3]. Pt NCFs show improved properties as bioelectrodes for electric stimulation [4]. Finally, Au NCFs are excellent substrates for the identification of biomolecules in surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, SERS [5]

Estudio arqueométrico de la composición mineral y química de la cerámica pre-Hispánica de “Los Teres”, Mesa de Los Santos (Colombia)

  A set of selected fragments of pre-Hispanic pottery sherds that were excavated from the Mesa de Los Santos region’s archaeological site (Colombia) were investigated by different analytical techniques and principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses. This study is very useful to understand more about the raw materials (and provenance) for ancient pottery production and their manufacturing technology. In addition to establish stratigraphic and anthropological relationships, the pottery sherds were analyzed to determine their mineralogical and chemical composition, as well as their structural characteristics using X-ray powder diffraction, wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that the pre-Hispanic pottery sherds were manufactured using poor carbonates and iron oxide-bearing clays with no significant changes in the technology of manufacture, firing the pastes at the proper temperatures or selecting and processing the raw materials to fulfill their use. The manufacture of pre-Hispanic pottery was probably carried out using local raw materials, compatible with the regional geological context, and the archaeometric study reveals that the pre-Hispanic cultures who lived in this region hardly had access to trade of raw materials.  Un conjunto de fragmentos seleccionados de tiestos de cerámica pre-Hispánica que fueron excavados del sitio arqueológico de la región de la Mesa de Los Santos (Colombia) fueron investigados por diferentes técnicas analíticas y componentes principales y análisis de conglomerados jerárquicos. Este estudio es muy útil para comprender más sobre las materias primas (y procedencia) para la producción de cerámica antigua y su tecnología de fabricación. Además de establecer relaciones estratigráficas y antropológicas, se analizaron los tiestos de cerámica para determinar su composición mineralógica y química, así como sus características estructurales mediante difracción de rayos X de polvos, Fluorescencia de rayos X de dispersión por longitud de onda, microscopía electrónica de barrido y espectroscopía infrarroja con transformadas de Fourier - reflectancia total atenuada. Los resultados indicaron que los tiestos de cerámica pre-Hispánica se fabricaron utilizando arcillas pobres en carbonatos y óxidos de Fe sin cambios significativos en la tecnología de fabricación, cociendo las pastas a las temperaturas adecuadas o seleccionando y procesando las materias primas para cumplir con su uso. La fabricación de cerámica pre-Hispánica probablemente se llevó a cabo utilizando materias primas locales, compatibles con el contexto geológico regional, y el estudio arqueométrico revela que las culturas pre-Hispánicas que vivían en esta región difícilmente tuvieron acceso al comercio de materias primas.

Desarrollo de una App para el Grado de Publicidad y Relaciones Públicas como Sistema de Evaluación y Mejora Continua de la Calidad

Elaboración de una aplicación informática para conseguir mayor interacción con los alumnos y su opinión sobre la calidad del plan docente del grado de Publicidad y Relaciones Públicas

Restructuring of the "Macaronesia" biogeografic unit: a marine multi-taxon biogeographical approach

The Azores, Madeira, Selvagens, Canary Islands and Cabo Verde are commonly united under the term “Macaronesia”. This study investigates the coherency and validity of Macaronesia as a biogeographic unit using six marine groups with very different dispersal abilities: coastal fishes, echinoderms, gastropod molluscs, brachyuran decapod crustaceans, polychaete annelids, and macroalgae. We found no support for the current concept of Macaronesia as a coherent marine biogeographic unit. All marine groups studied suggest the exclusion of Cabo Verde from the remaining Macaronesian archipelagos and thus, Cabo Verde should be given the status of a biogeographic subprovince within the West African Transition province. We propose to redefine the Lusitanian biogeographical province, in which we include four ecoregions: the South European Atlantic Shelf, the Saharan Upwelling, the Azores, and a new ecoregion herein named Webbnesia, which comprises the archipelagos of Madeira, Selvagens and the Canary Islandsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio