Síndrome de vena cava superior e insuficiencia cardíaca derecha refractaria: una complicación infrecuente tras implantación de marcapasos

The superior vena cava syndrome is a rare complication after the implantation of endocavitary pacemakers. We present a 76 year-old woman with multiple pacemaker replacements who was referred to our service of Internal Medicine with symptoms compatible with right heart failure. During her hospitalization, despite the high dose of diuretics, oedema and dyspnea persisted. We discuss the concrete etiology and the management options.El síndrome de vena cava superior es una complicación rara tras la implantación de marcapasos endocavitarios. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 76 años con numerosos recambios de marcapasos, que ingresó en nuestro servicio por síntomas compatibles con un cuadro de insuficiencia cardíaca derecha. Durante su hospitalización, el tratamiento diurético a dosis altas fue ineficaz en la resolución de los edemas y la disnea de la paciente. Se discute la peculiar etiología concreta del cuadro y las opciones terapéuticas

Long-term clinical efficacy of implants with internal connection and sandblasted-acid-etched surface.

Introducción. La implantología oral representa una opción importante en el tratamiento de los pacientes con pérdida dental total y parcial. El estudio a largo plazo muestra la evaluación de los pacientes tratados mediante carga precoz de implantes con conexión interna y superficie arenada y grabada. Métodos. 40 pacientes con pérdidas dentales fueron tratados con implantes Frontier GMI ® con conexión interna y superficie arenada y grabada. Los implantes fueron cargados tras un periodo de tiempo de 6 semanas en la mandíbula y 8 semanas en el maxilar superior. Los hallazgos clínicos (implantológicos y prostodóncicos) se han seguido durante al menos 6 años. Resultados. 103 implantes fueron insertados en ambos maxilares, 46 implantes (44,7%) en el maxilar superior y 57 implantes (55,3%) en la mandíbula, para su rehabilitación prostodóncica. 37 implantes (35,9%) fueron insertados en el sector anterior y 66 implantes (64,1%) en el sector posterior. 70 implantes (68%) de forma sumergida (2 cirugías) y 33 implantes (32%) de forma no sumergida (una cirugía). Des pués de un seguimiento clínico de 92,2 meses, los resultados indican una supervivencia de los implantes del 96,2%; ya que se perdieron 4 implantes. La pérdida ósea marginal fué de 0,99 ± 0,84 mm. Las restau raciones prostodóncicas incluyeron 31 coronas unitarias, 15 puentes fijos, 5 sobredentaduras con bolas, 2 rehabilitaciones totales fijas y una rehabilitación completa híbrida. Las complicaciones tardías fueron 11 implantes (10,7%) con periimplantitis y 6 prótesis (11,1%) con complicaciones protésicas. Conclusiones. Los hallazgos clínicos del estudio indican que el tratamiento con carga precoz mediante prótesis de los implantes con conexión interna y superficie arenada y grabada, representa una terapéutica odontológica con éxito.Introduction. Implant dentistry constitute an important option in the prosthodontic treatment of patients with partial and total tooth loss. This long-term study reports the evaluation of patients treated by early loading of implants with internal connection and sandblasted-acidetched surface. Methods. 40 patients with tooth loss were treated with Frontier GMI ® sandblasted and acid-etched surfa ce implants. Implants were loaded after a healing free-loading period of 6 weeks (mandible) and 8 weeks (maxilla). Clinical findings (implants and prosthodontics) were followed during at least 6 years. Results. 103 implants were inserted (46 maxillary (44.7%), and 57 mandibular (55.3%)) for prosthodontic rehabilitation. 37 implants (35.9%) were inserted in anterior sites and 66 implant (64.1%) in posterior sites. Seventy implants (68%) were placed submerged (two stages) while that 33 implants (32%) were placed nonsubmerged (one stage). After at a mean follow-up of 92.2 months, clinical results indicate a survival rate of implants of 96.2%. Four implants were lost during the treatment. Mean marginal bone loss were 0.99 ± 0.84 mm. Prosthodontic restorations included 31 single crowns, 15 fixed bridges, 5 overdentures, 2 fixed totally rehabilitation and an hybrid full rehabilitation. Delayed complications include 11 implants (10.7%) with peri-implantitis and 6 prostheses (11.1%) with technical complications. Conclusions. Clinical results of this study indicate that prosthodontic rehabilitation by early loading of internal connection and sandblasted and etched- implants can be a successful dental treatment

Extended use of dual antiplatelet therapy among older adults with acute coronary syndromes and associated variables: a cohort study

Current guidelines recommend extending the use of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) beyond 1 year in patients with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and a high risk of ischaemia and low risk of bleeding. No data exist about the implementation of this strategy in older adults from routine clinical practice. Methods We conducted a Spanish multicentre, retrospective, observational registry-based study that included patients with ACS but no thrombotic or bleeding events during the first year of DAPT after discharge and no indication for oral anticoagulants. High bleeding risk was defined according to the Academic Research Consortium definition. We assessed the proportion of cases of extended DAPT among patients 65≥years that went beyond 1 year after hospitalisation for ACS and the variables associated with the strategy. Results We found that 48.1% (928/1,928) of patients were aged≥65 years. DAPT was continued beyond 1 year in 32.1% (298/928) of patients≥65; which was a similar proportion as with their younger counterparts. There was no significant correlation between a high bleeding risk and DAPT duration. Contrastingly, there was a strong correlation between the extent of coronary disease and DAPT duration (p<0.001). Other variables associated with extended DAPT were a higher left ventricle ejection fraction, a history of heart failure and a prior stent thrombosis. Conclusion: There was no correlation between age and extended use of DAPT beyond 1 year in older patients with ACS. DAPT was extended in about one-third of patients≥65 years. The severity of the coronary disease, prior heart failure, left ventricle ejection fraction and prior stent thrombosis all correlated with extended DAPT

Short- and Long-Term Prognosis of Patients With Takotsubo Syndrome Based on Different Triggers: Importance of the Physical Nature

Background Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is an acute reversible heart condition initially believed to represent a benign pathology attributable to its self-limiting clinical course; however, little is known about its prognosis based on different triggers. This study compared short- and long-term outcomes between TTS based on different triggers, focusing on various physical triggering events. Methods and Results We analyzed patients with a definitive TTS diagnosis recruited for the Spanish National Registry on TTS (RETAKO [Registry on Takotsubo Syndrome]). Short- and long-term outcomes were compared between different groups according to triggering factors. A total of 939 patients were included. An emotional trigger was detected in 340 patients (36.2%), a physical trigger in 293 patients (31.2%), and none could be identified in 306 patients (32.6%). The main physical triggers observed were infections (30.7%), followed by surgical procedures (22.5%), physical activities (18.4%), episodes of severe hypoxia (18.4%), and neurological events (9.9%). TTS triggered by physical factors showed higher mortality in the short and long term, and within this group, patients whose physical trigger was hypoxia were those who had a worse prognosis, in addition to being triggered by physical factors, including age >70 years, diabetes mellitus, left ventricular eyection fraction <30% and shock on admission, and increased long-term mortality risk. Conclusions TTS triggered by physical factors could present a worse prognosis in terms of mortality. Under the TTS label, there could be as yet undiscovered very different clinical profiles, whose differentiation could lead to individual better management, and therefore the perception of TTS as having a benign prognosis should be generally ruled out

Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Coronary Type 2 Diabetic Patients: Identification of Associated Factors Using Electronic Health Records and Natural Language Processing

Patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are at high risk of developing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). This is a multicenter, retrospective, and observational study performed in Spain aimed to characterize these patients in a real-world setting. Unstructured data from the Electronic Health Records were extracted by EHRead (R), a technology based on Natural Language Processing and machine learning. The association between new MACE and the variables of interest were investigated by univariable and multivariable analyses. From a source population of 2,184,662 patients, we identified 4072 adults diagnosed with T2DM and CAD (62.2% male, mean age 70 +/- 11). The main comorbidities observed included arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity, with metformin and statins being the treatments most frequently prescribed. MACE development was associated with multivessel (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 2.49) and single coronary vessel disease (HR = 1.71), transient ischemic attack (HR = 2.01), heart failure (HR = 1.32), insulin treatment (HR = 1.40), and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (HR = 2.27), whilst statins (HR = 0.73) were associated with a lower risk of MACE occurrence. In conclusion, we found six risk factors associated with the development of MACE which were related with cardiovascular diseases and T2DM severity, and treatment with statins was identified as a protective factor for new MACE in this study

Impact of Advanced Age on the Incidence of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Stable Coronary Artery Disease in a Real-World Setting in Spain

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and coronary artery disease (CAD) without myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke are at high risk for major cardiovascular events (MACEs). We aimed to provide real-world data on age-related clinical characteristics, treatment management, and incidence of major cardiovascular outcomes in T2DM-CAD patients in Spain from 2014 to 2018. We used EHRead (R) technology, which is based on natural language processing and machine learning, to extract unstructured clinical information from electronic health records (EHRs) from 12 hospitals. Of the 4072 included patients, 30.9% were younger than 65 years (66.3% male), 34.2% were aged 65-75 years (66.4% male), and 34.8% were older than 75 years (54.3% male). These older patients were more likely to have hypertension (OR 2.85), angina (OR 1.64), heart valve disease (OR 2.13), or peripheral vascular disease (OR 2.38) than those aged <65 years (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). In general, they were also more likely to receive pharmacological and interventional treatments. Moreover, these patients had a significantly higher risk of MACEs (HR 1.29; p = 0.003) and ischemic stroke (HR 2.39; p < 0.001). In summary, patients with T2DM-CAD in routine clinical practice tend to be older, have more comorbidities, are more heavily treated, and have a higher risk of developing MACE than is commonly assumed from clinical trial data

Impact of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation on all-cause mortality among patients with Takotsubo syndrome complicated by cardiogenic shock: results from the German-Italian-Spanish (GEIST) registry

Aims: Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is an acute and reversible left ventricular dysfunction and can be complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS). However, few data are available on optimal care in TTS complicated by CS. Aim of this study was to evaluate short- and long-term impact of intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) on mortality in this setting. Methods and results: In a multi-centre, international registry on TTS, 2248 consecutive patients were enrolled from 38 centres from Germany, Italy, and Spain. Of the 2248 patients, 212 (9.4%) experienced CS. Patients with CS had a higher prevalence of diabetes (27% vs. 19%), male sex (25% vs. 10%), and right ventricular involvement (10% vs. 5%) (P &lt; 0.01 in all cases). Forty-three patients with CS (20% of 212) received IABP within 8 h (interquartile range 4-18) after admission. No differences in terms of age, gender, cardiovascular risk factors, and admission left ventricular ejection fraction were found among patients with and without IABP. There were no significant differences in terms of 30-day mortality (16% vs. 17%, P = 0.98), length of hospitalization (18.9 vs. 16.7 days, P = 0.51), and need of invasive ventilation (35% vs. 41%, P = 0.60) among two groups: 30-day survival was not significantly different even after propensity score adjustment (log-rank P = 0.73). At 42-month follow-up, overall mortality in patients with CS and TTS was 35%, not significantly different between patients receiving IABP and not (37% vs. 35%, P = 0.72). Conclusions: In a large multi-centre observational registry, the use of IABP was not associated with lower mortality rates at short- and long-term follow-up in patients with TTS and CS

Clinical Profile and Determinants of Mortality in Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease Admitted for COVID-19.

BACKGROUND Concern has risen about the effects of COVID-19 in interstitial lung disease (ILD) patients. The aim of our study was to determine clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of ILD patients admitted for COVID-19. METHODS Ancillary analysis of an international, multicenter COVID-19 registry (HOPE: Health Outcome Predictive Evaluation) was performed. The subgroup of ILD patients was selected and compared with the rest of the cohort. RESULTS A total of 114 patients with ILDs were evaluated. Mean ± SD age was 72.4 ± 13.6 years, and 65.8% were men. ILD patients were older, had more comorbidities, received more home oxygen therapy and more frequently had respiratory failure upon admission than non-ILD patients (all p < 0.05). In laboratory findings, ILD patients more frequently had elevated LDH, C-reactive protein, and D-dimer levels (all p < 0.05). A multivariate analysis showed that chronic kidney disease and respiratory insufficiency on admission were predictors of ventilatory support, and that older age, kidney disease and elevated LDH were predictors of death. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that ILD patients admitted for COVID-19 are older, have more comorbidities, more frequently require ventilatory support and have higher mortality than those without ILDs. Older age, kidney disease and LDH were independent predictors of mortality in this population.S

Autoimmune Diseases and COVID-19 as Risk Factors for Poor Outcomes: Data on 13,940 Hospitalized Patients from the Spanish Nationwide SEMI-COVID-19 Registry

(1) Objectives: To describe the clinical characteristics and clinical course of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases (ADs) compared to the general population. (2) Methods: We used information available in the nationwide Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 Registry, which retrospectively compiles data from the first admission of adult patients with COVID-19. We selected all patients with ADs included in the registry and compared them to the remaining patients. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality during admission, readmission, and subsequent admissions, and secondary outcomes were a composite outcome including the need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission, invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation (MV), or death, as well as in-hospital complications. (3) Results: A total of 13,940 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were included, of which 362 (2.6%) had an AD. Patients with ADs were older, more likely to be female, and had greater comorbidity. On the multivariate logistic regression analysis, which involved the inverse propensity score weighting method, AD as a whole was not associated with an increased risk of any of the outcome variables. Habitual treatment with corticosteroids (CSs), age, Barthel Index score, and comorbidity were associated with poor outcomes. Biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) were associated with a decrease in mortality in patients with AD. (4) Conclusions: The analysis of the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry shows that ADs do not lead to a different prognosis, measured by mortality, complications, or the composite outcome. Considered individually, it seems that some diseases entail a different prognosis than that of the general population. Immunosuppressive/immunoregulatory treatments (IST) prior to admission had variable effects