Skriftlighed i engelsk og tysk i gymnasiets grundforløb

Mange nye gymnasieelever oplever en større kulturel omstilling, nogle ligefrem et kulturchok, når de kommer fra folkeskolens skrive­ kultur til gymnasiets skrivekultur. (...

Pubertal administration of antiserum against nerve growth factor regresses renal vascular remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats

To investigate the role of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the development of hypertensive renal vascular remodeling, anti-serum against NGF (anti-NGF) or vehicle was injected at 3 weeks of age in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rats (n = 9 for each treatment in each strain). Flow-pressure (F-P) and pressure-glomerular filtra-tion rate (P-GFR) relationships at vasodilated perfused kid-neys were determined at 10 weeks of age. In the vehicle rats, blood pressure, renal noradrenaline content, the gradient of F-P (minimal vascular resistance at pre- and post-glomerular vasculature) and the X-intercept of P-GFR (preglomeru-lar : postglomerular vascular resistance ratio) were greater in SHR than in WKY rats, although the gradient of P-GFR (glo-merular filtration capacity) did not differ significantly between the strains. Blood pressure and renal noradrenaline content were lower in SHR receiving anti-NGF than in SHR receiving vehicle, although such difference was not observed in WKY rats. The gradient of F-P was less but the gradient of P-GFR was greater in SHR receiving anti-NGF compared with SHR receiving vehicle, although the similar differences did not occur in WKY rats. Blood pressure and renal nor-adrenaline content remained greater in SHR treated with anti-NGF compared with WKY rats treated with vehicle; however, the gradient of F-P did not differ significantly between them. Contrary, anti-NGF did not affect the X-inter-cept of P-GFR in either strain. In conclusion, NGF could con-tribute to the genesis of renal vascular remodeling, at least in part, through modification of renal sympathetic activity and blood pressure in SHR

Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics identifies phenylalanine as a novel predictor of incident heart failure hospitalisation : results from PROSPER and FINRISK 1997

Aims We investigated the association between quantified metabolite, lipid and lipoprotein measures and incident heart failure hospitalisation (HFH) in the elderly, and examined whether circulating metabolic measures improve HFH prediction.& para;& para;Methods and results Overall, 80 metabolic measures from the PROspective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk (PROSPER) trial were measured by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (n = 5341; 182 HFH events during 2.7-year follow-up). We repeated the work in FINRISK 1997 (n = 7330; 133 HFH events during 5-year follow-up). In PROSPER, the circulating concentrations of 13 metabolic measures were found to be significantly different in those who were later hospitalised for heart failure after correction for multiple comparisons. These included creatinine, phenylalanine, glycoprotein acetyls, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and various high-density lipoprotein measures. In Cox models, two metabolites were associated with risk of HFH after adjustment for clinical risk factors and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP): phenylalanine [hazard ratio (HR) 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10-1.53; P = 0.002] and acetate (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.68-0.98; P = 0.026). Both were retained in the final model after backward elimination. Compared to a model with established risk factors and NT-proBNP, this model did not improve the C-index but did improve the overall continuous net reclassification index (NRI 0.21; 95% CI 0.06-0.35; P = 0.007) due to improvement in classification of non-cases (NRI 0.14; 95% CI 0.12-0.17; PPeer reviewe