Application of different organic and mineral fertilizers on the growth, yield and nutrient accumulation of rice in a Japanese ordinary paddy field

A rice cultivation study was conducted at Kyushu University farm. Cow manure (CM), poultry manure (PM), rice straw + urea mix-application (SU), urea (UF) and M-coat, a slow released compound fertilizer (M-coat) were used as the N sources by comparing with no application (Control). Treatments were made with two levels application of each N source at 40 (level I) and 80 kg N ha-1(level II) excluding M-coat. In all urea treatments, three split applications were made. A study of soil incubation was conducted for 2 weeks to investigate the mineralized N of applied mineral and organic fertilizer. Plant growth characters, dry matter, yield and plant nutrient accumulations were higher in mineral fertilization than organic. Mineral fertilization was observed in correlation with the larger crop removal. PM-II as an organic matter provided comparatively higher nutrient accumulations which in turn enhanced the growth and yield of rice. CM and SU gave the lower plant growth, yield and nutrient accumulation. Mineralized N was higher in sole mineral N applications. Organic matter with high C/N ratio provided very low mineralized N and its net N mineralization percentage. Negative values of net N mineralization percentage were observed in SU due to N immobilization. Keywords: Cow Manure, Mineralized N, Paddy Soil, Poultry Manure, Rice (Oryza sativa L.), Rice Stra

Estimated glomerular filtration rate and risk of poor outcomes after stroke

Item does not contain fulltextBACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The relationship of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with complications after stroke has not been fully characterized for the entire clinical spectrum of eGFR and for the fluctuation in eGFR during hospital stay. METHODS: Data from the Norfolk and Norwich Stroke Registry recorded between January 2003 and April 2015 were analysed. eGFR was categorized into six clinically relevant categories as per the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes guidelines. The change in eGFR during acute admission was categorized into the following: within 5% change (reference), 5%-20% decline, >20% decline, 5%-20% increase and >20% increase. All-cause mortality, recurrent stroke, incident myocardial infarction, prolonged hospital stay and stroke disability at discharge were outcomes of interest. RESULTS: In all, 10 329 stroke patients (mean age 77.8 years) were followed for a mean of 2.9 years (30 126 person-years). Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for all-cause mortality were 0.91 (0.80-1.04), 0.96 (0.83-1.11), 1.23 (1.06-1.43), 1.54 (1.31-1.82) and 2.38 (1.91-2.97) for eGFR levels 60-89, 45-59, 30-44, 15-29 and /= 90 ml/min/1.73 m(2) . The hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for eGFR change were 1.56 (1.36-1.79), 1.17 (1.05-1.30), 1.47 (1.32-1.62) and 1.71 (1.55-1.88) for >20% decline, 5%-20% decline, 5%-20% increase and >20% increase, respectively, compared to change within 5%. Results were similar for other outcomes except recurrent stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Stroke patients with eGFR 5% decline or increase in eGFR during hospital stay were at substantially higher risk of poor outcomes, particularly all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, prolonged hospital stay and disability at discharge

Dry Season Rice Yield Responses to Nitrogen Fertilizer in Central Myanmar

Rice crop yields in central Myanmar are considered to be relatively low due to inadequate applications of fertilizer, and particularly of nitrogen (N). In this study, replicated field experiments were conducted at two sites, Taungoo and Yezin, in Central Myanmar to determine the crop yield responses to N fertilizer for dry season irrigated rice in 2017. The two field experiments were identical in design and conducted at the same time. The experiments had a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates of 8 treatments. The 8 treatments included 6 rates of N fertilizer (0, 30, 77.6, 100, 130, and 160 kg N/ha), applied as two split surface-broadcast applications at 10 days after transplant (10DAT) and at crop panicle initiation (PI) in accordance with local farmer practice. In addition a urea deep placement (UDP) treatment with placement of 2.7 g urea briquettes at IFDC-recommended spacing and soil depth at a N rate of 77.6 kg N/ha was included, as well as a nil input control. All treatments except for the nil input control received basal applications of P, K, S, and Zn. Mean grain yields at Taungoo ranged from 3.54 t/ha (0 kg N/ha) to 5.24 t/ha (160 kg N/ha) whilst at Yezin they ranged from 6.78 t/ha (0 kg N/ha) to 8.15 t/ha (130 kg N/ha). The Taungoo site may represent a typical low-fertility farm site whereas the Yezin site had a more fertile soil. The 77.6 kg N/ha application rate was found to result in a 33% increase (i.e. +1.18 t/ha) in grain yield (P<0.05) at the Taungoo site and a 12 % increase (i.e. + 0.84 t/ha) at the Yezin site (P<0.05) indicating benefits from this N fertilizer rate, depending on economic analysis. At the Taungoo site the UDP treatment (77.6 kg N/ha) produced yields consistently higher than the comparable 77.6 kg N/ha surface broadcast treatment, with a UDP mean yield of 5.23 vs 4.72 t/ha for surface broadcast. However, analysis of variance (ANOVA) found this not to be significant at P=0.05, with a t-test estimating P=0.054 for this comparison. This is sufficient to encourage further research on UDP in this environment. Yield response curves were derived for N fertilizer applications from the experimental data from the two experiment sites. The Taungoo site yield response curve for N was thought to be more applicable to the general soil fertility levels of rice farms in central Myanmar. This paper presents the first results from these experiments which will be expanded on as the full dataset including soil and plant analysis is obtained

Integrated assessment of groundwater use for improving livelihoods in the dry zone of Myanmar

In the Dry Zone of Myanmar, improved access to water is widely acknowledged as being vital for livelihood enhancement and the general well-being of around 10 million people, most of whom depend on agriculture. Thus, expanding the sustainable use of groundwater is of great importance for socioeconomic development. According to this study, opportunities for accessing groundwater are generally good, and development of the resource has steadily increased over the years. However, there still appears to be good prospects for expanding groundwater use for irrigation, with a view to increasing agricultural production. Provision of affordable mechanical technologies for drilling wells and support with credit facilities to purchase small-capacity motorized pumps for irrigation could improve food security and livelihoods, where there is potential to expand groundwater use. Replenishable groundwater resources of the Dry Zone are likely to be less than previously thought. Thus, it is important to find the right balance between increasing development of the resource for enhanced irrigation, while also protecting its existing beneficial use for communities and the environment

Mitogenomic phylogeny of the asian colobine genus trachypithecus with special focus on trachypithecus phayrei (Blyth, 1847) and description of a new species

10.24272/J.ISSN.2095-8137.2020.254Zoological Research416656-66