Drop impact dynamics on slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces: influence of oil thickness

Slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) are porous nanostructures impregnated with a low surface tension lubricant. They have recently shown great promise in various applications that require non-wettable superhydrophobic surfaces. In this paper, we investigate experimentally the influence of the oil thickness on the wetting properties and drop impact dynamics of new SLIPS. By tuning the thickness of the oil layer deposited through spin-coating, we show that a sufficiently thick layer of oil is necessary to avoid dewetting spots on the porous nanostructure and thus increasing the homogeneity of the liquid distribution. Drop impact on these surfaces is investigated with a particular emphasis on the spreading and rebound dynamics when varying the oil thickness and the Weber number

Initial uptake, time to treatment, and real-world effectiveness of all-oral direct-acting antivirals for hepatitis C virus infection in the United States: A retrospective cohort analysis

BACKGROUND: Data on initiation and utilization of direct-acting antiviral therapies for hepatitis C virus infection in the United States are limited. This study evaluated treatment initiation, time to treatment, and real-world effectiveness of direct-acting antiviral therapy in individuals with hepatitis C virus infection treated during the first 2 years of availability of all-oral direct-acting antiviral therapies. METHODS: A retrospective cohort analysis was undertaken using electronic medical records and chart review abstraction of hepatitis C virus-infected individuals aged >18 years diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C virus infection between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2015 from the Indiana University Health database. RESULTS: Eight hundred thirty people initiated direct-acting antiviral therapy during the 2-year observation window. The estimated incidence of treatment initiation was 8.8%±0.34% at the end of year 1 and 15.0%±0.5% at the end of year 2. Median time to initiating therapy was 300 days. Using a Cox regression analysis, positive predictors of treatment initiation included age (hazard ratio, 1.008), prior hepatitis C virus treatment (1.74), cirrhosis (2.64), and history of liver transplant (1.5). History of drug abuse (0.43), high baseline alanine aminotransferase levels (0.79), hepatitis B virus infection (0.41), and self-pay (0.39) were negatively associated with treatment initiation. In the evaluable population (n = 423), 83.9% (95% confidence interval, 80.1-87.3%) of people achieved sustained virologic response. CONCLUSION: In the early years of the direct-acting antiviral era, <10% of people diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C virus infection received direct-acting antiviral treatment; median time to treatment initiation was 300 days. Future analyses should evaluate time to treatment initiation among those with less advanced fibrosis

Streptococcus Pneumoniae Serotype 19A in Hospitalized Children With invasive Pneumococcal Disease after the introduction of Conjugated Vaccines in Lima, Peru

BACKGROUND: The Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) has decreased cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) worldwide. However, the impact of PCVs introduction may be affected by the serotype distribution in a specific context. METHODS: Cross-sectional multicenter passive surveillance study of IPD cases in pediatric patients hospitalized in Lima, Peru between 2016 and 2019 (after PCV13 introduction) to determine the serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Serotyping was performed by a sequential multiplex PCR and confirmed by whole genome sequencing. RESULTS: Eighty-five S. pneumoniae isolates were recovered (4.07/100,000 among childrenage). Serotype 19A was the most common (49.4%). Children infected with serotype 19A in comparison with children infected with other serotypes were younger, had a lower rate of meningitis and higher rates of pneumonia, complicated pneumonia and antimicrobial resistance; 28.6% of patients with serotype 19A have received at least one dose of PCV13 vs. 62.8% of patients with other serotypes. Using MIC-breakpoints, 81.2% (56/69) of non-meningitis strains and 31.2% (5/16) of meningitis strains were susceptible to penicillin; 18.8% (3/16) of meningitis strains had intermediate resistance to ceftriaxone. Resistance to azithromycin was 78.8% (67/85). Serotype 19A frequency increased over time in the same study population, from 4.2% (4/96) in 2006-2008, to 8.6% (5/58) in 2009-2011, to 49.4% (42/85) in the current study (2016-2019) (p \u3c 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: After PCV13 introduction in Peru, serotype 19A remains the most prevalent; however, the vaccination coverage is still not optimal. Therefore, additonal surveillance studies are needed to determine the remaining IPD burden

Implementación de planta agroindustrial de producción y comercialización de fruta congelada

A partir del estudio de las tendencias del mercado por el potencial interés en el consumo de comida saludable y la mejora en la tecnología del proceso de congelación de frutas y verduras, podemos deducir que nos encontramos frente a un mercado atractivo y con un gran potencial de crecimiento, dado que el sector agroexportador es un mercado con una demanda constante. Frozen Nature Food ofrecerá el servicio de producción de productos congelados, especializándonos en mango, fresa y arándanos. Nuestra propuesta de valor estará dirigida inicialmente a los distribuidores mayoristas de Francia y Alemania. Un factor clave de éxito para este modelo de negocio, será la oferta de los llamados super foods de los cuales el Perú busca posicionar su liderazgo mediante su experiencia milenaria biodiversidad, capacidad exportadora y trazabilidad mediante procesos transparentes y sostenibles con la tecnología IQF. Se estima que la planta tendrá una capacidad de producción de 500 kg por hora, relacionada a la velocidad de la maquinaria instalada y el layout trazado. El plan de negocio requiere una inversión de capital de S/ 4´846,562 para iniciar sus actividades. Frozen Nature Food estará constituida por inversionistas que asumirán el 50% del total de la inversión y el 50% será financiado con un préstamo del sistema financiero. Los resultados del plan financiero muestran entre otros indicadores, un VAN de S/ 3´272,163 y una TIR de 27.57%, dichas cifras sustentan la viabilidad económica del plan de negocio, por lo cual se recomienda su implementación.Trabajo de investigaciónCampus Lima Centr

Multicenter Diagnostic Evaluation of OnSite COVID-19 Rapid Test (CTK Biotech) among Symptomatic Individuals in Brazil and the United Kingdom

Evaluating rapid diagnostic tests in diverse populations is essential to improving diagnostic responses as it gives an indication of the accuracy in real-world scenarios. In the case of rapid diagnostic testing within this pandemic, lateral flow tests that meet the minimum requirements for sensitivity and specificity can play a key role in increasing testing capacity, allowing timely clinical management of those infected, and protecting health care systems

Composites à base de metal-organic frameworks pour la capture du CO2

In order to face global warming, the capture of anthropogenic CO2 is of prime importance as renewable energies cannot yet satisfy our current energy needs. Several technologies are being studied, such as the use of solid sorbents. Among these, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer interesting properties including their good affinity for CO2. In industrial processes, once CO2 has been captured, a regeneration of the material is needed to make the overall process economically viable. This regeneration step is usually achieved by heating the material, leading to CO2 desorption, however this is a high energy process. To minimize the energy required, the regeneration should be as fast as possible without hampering the sorbent’s properties. During this thesis, the main objective was to develop new MOF/graphene oxide microporous composites as efficient CO2 sorbents that can be easily regenerated under microwave irradiation. Microwave irradiation enables to reach the required desorption temperature much faster and limits the risk of degradation of the porous materials. Additionally, new core-shells of flexible MOFs have been synthesized for an optimized CO2 capture under wet conditions.Pour faire face au réchauffement climatique, la capture du CO2 anthropogénique apparaît comme une solution indispensable étant donné l’utilisation toujours prédominante d’énergies fossiles. Pour y parvenir, de nombreuses solutions sont à l’étude, dont l’utilisation d’adsorbants solides. Parmi ceux-ci, les metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offrent des propriétés de choix comme leur bonne affinité pour ce gaz. Dans les procédés industriels, une fois le CO2 adsorbé, il est nécessaire de régénérer le matériau pour rendre le procédé économiquement viable. Cette étape de régénération est réalisée par chauffage et conduit au relargage des molécules adsorbées mais impacte le bilan énergétique global. Afin de minimiser cela, la régénération doit être la plus rapide possible, sans altérer les propriétés du matériau poreux. Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons développé de nouveaux composites microporeux MOF/oxyde de graphène qui permettent à la fois de capturer le CO2 et d’être régénérés efficacement sous irradiation micro-ondes. Celles-ci permettent d’atteindre beaucoup plus rapidement les températures de désorption que le chauffage conventionnel tout en évitant de dégrader les adsorbants. Enfin, de nouveaux matériaux de type cœur-coquilles à base de MOFs flexibles ont été obtenus afin de limiter l’effet négatif de la vapeur d’eau sur les performances de capture du CO2

Composites based on metal-organic framework for CO2 capture

Pour faire face au réchauffement climatique, la capture du CO2 anthropogénique apparaît comme une solution indispensable étant donné l’utilisation toujours prédominante d’énergies fossiles. Pour y parvenir, de nombreuses solutions sont à l’étude, dont l’utilisation d’adsorbants solides. Parmi ceux-ci, les metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offrent des propriétés de choix comme leur bonne affinité pour ce gaz. Dans les procédés industriels, une fois le CO2 adsorbé, il est nécessaire de régénérer le matériau pour rendre le procédé économiquement viable. Cette étape de régénération est réalisée par chauffage et conduit au relargage des molécules adsorbées mais impacte le bilan énergétique global. Afin de minimiser cela, la régénération doit être la plus rapide possible, sans altérer les propriétés du matériau poreux. Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons développé de nouveaux composites microporeux MOF/oxyde de graphène qui permettent à la fois de capturer le CO2 et d’être régénérés efficacement sous irradiation micro-ondes. Celles-ci permettent d’atteindre beaucoup plus rapidement les températures de désorption que le chauffage conventionnel tout en évitant de dégrader les adsorbants. Enfin, de nouveaux matériaux de type cœur-coquilles à base de MOFs flexibles ont été obtenus afin de limiter l’effet négatif de la vapeur d’eau sur les performances de capture du CO2.In order to face global warming, the capture of anthropogenic CO2 is of prime importance as renewable energies cannot yet satisfy our current energy needs. Several technologies are being studied, such as the use of solid sorbents. Among these, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer interesting properties including their good affinity for CO2. In industrial processes, once CO2 has been captured, a regeneration of the material is needed to make the overall process economically viable. This regeneration step is usually achieved by heating the material, leading to CO2 desorption, however this is a high energy process. To minimize the energy required, the regeneration should be as fast as possible without hampering the sorbent’s properties. During this thesis, the main objective was to develop new MOF/graphene oxide microporous composites as efficient CO2 sorbents that can be easily regenerated under microwave irradiation. Microwave irradiation enables to reach the required desorption temperature much faster and limits the risk of degradation of the porous materials. Additionally, new core-shells of flexible MOFs have been synthesized for an optimized CO2 capture under wet conditions

Medicina alternativa /complementaria en la formación de los alumnos de medicina de la Universidad de Chile

Magíster en educación en ciencias de la saludEl uso de Medicina Alternativa y Complementaria (MAC) ha aumentado sostenidamente en los últimos años, acompañándose de cambios y demandas de información de parte de los pacientes hacia los médicos. En un gran número de ocasiones, los médicos carecen de la información y herramientas para poder responder a este nuevo escenario, lo que va en detrimento de la relación médico paciente y de la calidad de atención. Es por esto, que se ha sugerido que una forma de subsanar este problema sería mediante la incorporación de temáticas de MAC durante la formación médica, y así lo han planteado importantes instituciones y llevado a cabo varias universidades en el mundo. La Universidad de Chile se encuentra en medio de un proceso de innovación curricular, por lo que es un momento trascendente para sugerir e incorporar cambios al currículum, de acuerdo a las necesidades del país y de los estudiantes. Por esto, se realizará un estudio descriptivo buscando indagar opiniones de docentes y estudiantes de la carrera de medicina de la Universidad de Chile acerca de la relevancia de incorporar MAC al currículum de la carrera de medicina de la Universidad de Chile. Los resultados servirán para sugerir cambios en el nuevo currículum de acuerdo a las necesidades encontradas

From Factory Workers to Owners: Informality, Recurseo, and Entrepreneurship in the Formation of the Peruvian Community of Paterson, New Jersey 1960-2001

Latino immigrants have been largely overgeneralized as low-income, subservient laborers. However, entrepreneurship and informality have been used by Peruvians as vehicles to forge economic independence in the United States. This dissertation demonstrates how Peruvians in Paterson, New Jersey have utilized entrepreneurship to establish the first and most visible enclave of Peruvians in the United States since the 1960s. Central to the story of entrepreneurship and community development is the concept of recurseo, a slang word used to describe the informal and creative means in which working class Peruvians utilize their labor experiences and kinship ties to acquire better economic opportunities. By using informal mechanisms and strategies of recurseo, Peruvian migrants in Paterson were able to leave their blue-collar jobs and establish their own businesses. These entrepreneurs opened restaurants, insurance offices, travel agencies, and small corporations that created an emergent ethic market for products and services that would permanently alter the social and economic landscape of Paterson. This investigation reveals that Peruvians relied principally on informal and resourceful mechanisms to become businessmen, organize themselves as entrepreneurs, and contribute to the development of a thriving ethnic enclave. Through fifty oral history interviews and the use of archival material from consulates and county tax offices, this project challenges the oversimplified portrayal of Peruvian immigrants, demonstrating their use of alternative economic strategies to achieve wealth, stability, and cultural continuity. Bourdieusian perspectives on immigration, particularly the concepts of habitus and capital, are utilized to frame Peruvian migrants’ experiences with informality and ethnic entrepreneurship in the process of community building.History, Department o